Kana tikatarisa denga rehusiku toona zvishoma zvishoma kana mishumo yenhau pamusoro pezvitunha zviri kuswedera kuNyika, zviri nyore kuvhiringa mazwi akadai. asteroid, meteoro, meteorite y Kite. Kunyange zvazvo mazwi aya achiwanzoshandiswa zvakasiyana, anonyatsoreva zvinhu zvakasiyana chaizvo uye zviitiko mukati mechadenga chikuru. Kuti tinzwisise zvirinani chiitiko chemiviri yedenga, tinogona kubvunza iyo meteorites nemigumisiro yawo.
Kwemazana emakore, zvinhu zvemuchadenga izvi zvakatora pfungwa dzevanhu, ingave mashura, nekuda kwekuona kwavo, kana nekuda kwesainzi nenhau. Kuti tibvise kusava nechokwadi kupi zvako, tichaongorora zvakadzama kusiyana kwavo, maitiro, maumbirwo nemabviro, saka yakajeka, yakakwana uye inowanikwa.
Chii chinonzi asteroid?
An asteroid idombo kana simbi muviri unotenderera Zuva., kazhinji kacho isina kuenderana muchimiro uye nehukuru hunogona kusiyana kubva pamamita mashoma kusvika kumazana emakiromita. Zvizhinji zvezviro izvi zvinowanikwa mu asteroid bhandi, iri pakati penzira dzeMars neJupiter. Muenzaniso unonakidza ndewe asteroid Juno, iyo ine maitiro akasiyana.
Asteroids inofungidzirwa zvisaririra zvezuva rezuva iyo haina kumbova chikamu chepasi. Vakatanga makore angangoita mabhiriyoni 4.600 apfuura, panguva yekutanga kuumbwa kwesolar system. Nekuda kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu reJupiter, zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvaigona kunge zvakabatana kuita nyika zvakachengetwa zvakaparadzana munzvimbo iyi.
Zvinoumba: Kazhinji ivo vanogadzirwa silicates, simbi dzakadai sesimbi uye nickel, uye mamwe ane kabhoni yakakwira, zvichienderana nemataipi avo.
Kupatsanura: Kune kunyanya matatu marudzi easteroids:
- Type C: carbon-rich uye yakanyanya kuwanda.
- Varume: silicate compounds uye simbi dzakadai se iron-nickel, iyo inopenya.
- Type M: Yakagadzirwa nesimbi chete, iwo ndiwo mashoma.
Chii chinonzi kometi?
ari kites Iwo mitumbi yekudenga iyo, senge asteroids, inotenderera Zuva, asi inoumbwa zvakanyanya aizi, huruva nematombo. Anowanzonzi "tsvina snowballs" nekuda kwemusanganiswa wemagasi akaomeswa nechando uye zvinhu zvine matombo zvavari. The kuumbwa kwemitumbi yomudenga iyi Inonakidza uye yakasiyana.
Ivo vanobva kunzvimbo dziri kure kwazvo dzesolar system, senge Oort Cloud kana the kuiper belt. Idzi nzvimbo dziri mhiri kweNeptune, uye dzinotambira refu- uye pfupi-nguva-pfupi comets, zvichiteerana.
Pavanoswedera pedyo neZuva, kupisa kunokonzera ice sublimation uye kusunungurwa kwemagasi neguruva, zvichigadzira mamiriro echinguvana anonzi coma uye chimiro cola kunongedza kure neZuva nekuda kwemhepo yezuva. Kune marudzi maviri emitsara:
- Dust muswe: inoumbwa nezvidimbu zvakasimba zvinovhenekerwa nechiedza chezuva.
- Ionic muswe: inoumbwa nemagasi ane ionized anopenya kana achidyidzana nezvikamu zvezuva.
Makometi akaiswawo muhukuru hwawo (kubva kudiki comets kusvika kune goliaths anodarika 50 km) uye nenguva yaanotora kupedzisa orbit imwe yakatenderedza Zuva:
- Nguva pfupi comets: asingasviki makore mashanu.
- Nguva refu comets: makore anopfuura 200.
Muenzaniso unozivikanwa: Halley's Comet, ine makore makumi manomwe nematanhatu ekutenderera, ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa uye anonyanya kuoneka kubva kuPasi.
Misiyano mikuru pakati pe comets uye asteroids
Chimwe chinhu icho vanhu vazhinji vasingazivi ndechekuti, kunyange zvazvo asteroids nemakometi vachigovera hunhu hwekutenderera kweZuva, misiyano yavo inocherechedzwa. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kufunga nezve Chirongwa cheNASA chekutsausa meteorites izvo zvinogona kutyisidzira Nyika.
- Zvinoumba: Asteroids ane matombo kana simbi, nepo kometi ine yakakwira yechando neguruva.
- Orbit: makometi anotevera chaizvo elliptical trajectories; asteroids, yakawanda denderedzwa uye yakagadzikana orbits.
- Mavambo: Asteroids akaumbwa mukati mezuva, mubhandi pakati peMars neJupiter; Makometi anobva kumucheto kwesolar system.
- Zvinoonekwa chiitiko: Kometi dzinoita koma nemiswe painoswedera kuZuva; asteroid haina.
Chii chinonzi meteor, meteoroid, uye meteorite?
Apa ndipo panouya mwero mukuru wekuvhiringika, sezvo mazwi matatu aya akabatana uye anoenderana nenzvimbo iyo chinhu chiripo. Kuti tinyure zvakadzama muchinyorwa chemeteorites, tinogona kuongorora maitiro avo munhoroondo, senge Chicxulub asteroid kukanganisa.
meteoroid
Meteoroid chidimbu che asteroid kana comet. inotenderera zvakasununguka muchadenga. Iyo inowanzo idiki muhukuru (kubva muguruva zviyo kusvika kumamita makumi mashanu), uye inogona kubva mukukonana pakati peasteroids kana kubva kune zvinhu zvinoburitswa neanoshanda comets.
Meteor
Kana meteoroid ikasangana nemhepo yePasi, inogadzira chiitiko chinopenya nekuda kwekupisa kwekupokana, kwatinodaidza meteoro, inowanzozivikanwa se "nyeredzi inopfura." Chiedza ichi chechiedza chinoonekwa neziso rakashama kana mamiriro edenga achibvumira. The Aurora borealis uye zvimwe zviitiko zve cosmic zvakare zvinonakidza kuona.
Meteorite
Kana chinhu chisina kuparara zvachose pakupinda mumhepo yePasi uye inosvika pamusoro penyika, tobva tazvidaidza meteorite. Izvi zvimedu zvakasimba zvinogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha kune vesainzi, sezvo vari vekare zvisaririra zvezuva.
Mameteorite anosiyana zvakanyanya muhukuru: mamwe haana zvidimbu, nepo mamwe anogona kudarika mita pakureba uye anorema matani akati wandei. Kana vakanganisa, vanogona kusiya craters, uye kana nzira yavo yakanyorwa, kupora kwavo kunowedzera kukosha.
Shanduko nehukama pakati pemiviri iyi
Chikamu chinofadza cheizvi zvinhu zvekudenga kuti dzakabatana sei. Asteroid inogona kutsemuka uye kupa meteoroids. Iwayawo, anogona kuva meteor kana apinda mumhepo, uye meteorite kana akasvika pasi. Mukuwedzera, comets zvakare inoburitsa zvidimbu zvinova meteoroids. Masimba emiviri iyi inzvimbo yakakosha yekudzidza kune nyeredzi yemazuva ano.
Zvakatoonekwa kuti Mamwe makometi anorasikirwa neanoshanda maitiro nekufamba kwenguva, kurega kuburitsa magasi neguruva. Zvadaro, vanova inactive asteroids. Mukupesana, varikowo asteroids ane ice mukati mavo, uye kana vakaswedera pedyo zvakakwana neZuva, vanogona kusunungura zvinhu uye kuita sema comets. Zvinhu izvi zvinozivikanwa se makotsi akarara.
Kukanganisa kwemiviri iyi paNyika
Meteorites akakanganisa Pasi kubva kare kare. Chiitiko chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndechekuti kuguma kweCretaceous, anenge mamiriyoni 66 emakore apfuura, apo asteroid hombe kana kuti kometi yakarova Yucatán Peninsula yemazuva ano. Chiitiko ichi chakakonzera kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nekukasira uye kutsakatika kukuru kwakabvisa madinosaurs. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani mhedzisiro, zvakakosha kuziva nhoroondo ye Hercolubus uye nzira yaro isinganzwisisike.
Nhasi, masangano akaita seNASA uye ESA inotarisa pedyo-Earth zvinhu (NEOs), kunyanya izvo zvakakura kudarika mamita 140, sezvo zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kana dzikarova. Mishoni dzakadai OSIRIS-REx o DART kuongorora uye/kana kutsausa miviri iyi kana zvichidikanwa.
Kuonekwa kubva kuPasi
comets Dzinogona kuonekwa kubva paNyika kana dzasvika pedyo zvakakwana neZuva uye dzinoratidza chiedza chayo. Zvimwe, segirinhi comet C2022 E3 ZTF, zvinoonekwa neziso rakashama makore ese mashoma. Mukuwedzera, the meteorites inogona kuwanikwa pamusoro pepamusoro mushure mekuita kwavo, uku the meteors Vanocherechedzwa nyore nyore panguva yemvura ye meteor, senge Perseids muna August.
ari asteroid, zvisinei, zvakaoma kuona pasina materesikopu epamusoro. Chete muzviitiko zvakakosha, senge kuvharika kweiyo asteroid Apophis inotarisirwa muna 2029, vaigona kuoneka neaya yemaziso kubva kune mamwe matunhu.
Kuongorora izvo zvezvitunha zvekudenga haisi nyaya yeruzivo rwesainzi chete, asiwo ye kunzwisisa nzvimbo yedu muchadenga uye gadzirira kutyisidzira kungangoitika kuchauya kubva kudenga. Uyezve, zvinonakidza kuziva lunar atmosphere noukama hwayo nemiviri yomudenga.
Muchinyorwa chino chese takaongorora misiyano inonakidza uye hukama huripo asteroids, comets, meteorites, meteorites, uye meteoroids. Kunyangwe iwo ese ari chikamu chesolar system uye akaumbwa nezvinhu zvekare, maitiro avo, maitiro, uye mhedzisiro yePasi zvinosiyana zvakanyanya. Kuziva maitiro ayo kwakakosha kune zvese sainzi uye chero munhu anoda kuziva nezve cosmologically anoda kunzwisisa zviri nani zvavanoona pavanotarisa mudenga.
