Nguva yechando yapfuura, kunaya kwakanyanya uye kwaisatarisirwa kwakanyorwa kuchamhembe kweChile. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti, mugwenga rakaoma uye rine zuva rakanyanyisa pasi rose, senge Gwenga reAtacama, vakabudirira zviuru zvezvirimwa, kugadzira chitarisiko chechisikigo akasiyana. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro peizvi renje, unogona kubvunza .
Chiitiko ichi, chinozivikanwa se desierto florido, kazhinji ine kutenderera kweanenge makore mashanu kusvika manomwe, asi iri kuramba ichidzokororwa nekuda kwekuvapo kwechiitiko che El Niño. Inogona kubudirira sei? mhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemarudzi uye kukudziridza mhuka dzinogara dziripo murenje? Zvadaro, tichaongorora izvi zvakadzama. chiitiko chinoshamisa.
Chiitiko chinoshamisa
El maruva erenje chiitiko zvinokwezva zviuru zvevashanyi pese pazvinoitika. Kuona gwenga rine nzvimbo yakavharwa zvachose mumaruva hachisi chinhu chakajairika, uye nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti muna 2017 tinogona kuona maruva anoyevedza zvikuru emakumi emakore achangopfuura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuwanda kwekunaya kwemvura kuchamhembe kwakabvumira kukura kwakakora kwemaruva nezvinomera. Hukama uhwu pakati pekunaya kwemvura ne Atacama flowering desert kwakakosha kunzwisisa kutenderera kwehupenyu mudunhu rino.
Kuti maruva ekukura uku kuitike, hazvifanirwe kungonaya chete, asi zvakakoshawo kuti tembiricha dzinokwira zvishoma nezvishoma munguva yechirimo. Uku kuwedzera kwekushisa zvishoma nezvishoma kwakakosha kudzivirira kukanganisa mukukura nekukura kwechirimwa. Mupfungwa iyi, kubatana pakati pemamiriro ekunze uye kwakakosha.
Atacama Tourism
Mvura yakaitika mumwedzi waChivabvu mudunhu reAtacama yakakonzera kubuda kweiyi yakanaka kwazvo. multicolored carpet. Renje rine maruva rave rimwe remapositadhi anodiwa kwazvo evashanyi vanoshanyira nzvimbo dziri kure dzekuchamhembe panguva ino yegore, zvichigadzira kukwezva kusati kwanyatsonzwisiswa uye kuti sainzi haina kukwanisa kutsanangura zvizere.
Chiitiko ichi chinodanwa nevagari venzvimbo iyi se chishamiso chegwenga. Pamusoro pezvo, kutengeserana kwenzvimbo uye kushanya kwakatora mukana uyu kusimudzira dzimwe tsika nehunhu hwe ndima, kufanana nevaya vanowana zviitiko zvakafanana mune mamwe mativi enyika. Nzvimbo dzekushanyira dzinosanganisira mapaki emunyika, makungwa akajeka, nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa, uye nzvimbo dzakaita sechiroto.
Maruva e Gwenga reAtacama ratidza a yakaoma ecosystem uko marudzi ezvinomera anopfuura mazana maviri, mazhinji acho aripo, anobuda maererano nemamiriro ekunze akakodzera. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti bulbous marudzi anowanzova ekutanga maruva, kusanganisira yellow añañucas uye tsvuku (Rhodophiala phycelloides) nemafuta eruva jena (Leucocoryne spp.).
Mhando dzinotevera dzemaruva dzinozivikanwa se "mbeu" iyo, inocherekedza mienzaniso iri iyo guanaco paw (Cistanthe grandiflora), iyo inofukidza nzvimbo huru dzerenje, pamwe chete ne lilac uye chiedza chebhuruu chinogomera (Nolana paradox), Don Diego wehusiku (Oenothera coquimbensis), mallow (Cristoria ovata), korona dzevafundisi (Encelia canescens), yellow cartridges (Argylia radiata), yellow lily (Alstroemeria kingii) nenzeve dzegava (Aristolochia bridgesii) Mienzaniso iyi inotumbuka isiri-nguva imwe chete mukati menguva iyo chiitiko chinoitika.
Impact yeEl Niño phenomenon
Chishamiso che El Niño Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemamiriro ekunze zvinopesvedzera kutumbuka kweAtacama Desert. Chiitiko ichi chinosanganisira kudziya kwemvura dzeEquatorial Pacific Ocean, izvo zvinoshandura mafambiro emuchadenga uye zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwekunaya kwemvura mugwenga. Nhoroondo, maruva anonyanyozivikanwa muAtacama akabatana nekuitika kwechiitiko ichi, chinogona kuwedzera kunaya kwemvura uye kubvumira mbeu dzakarara kuti dzimere munguva pfupi.
Thanks El Niño, vagari vomunharaunda yacho vanogona kukoshesa chitarisiko chinoshamisa cheruvara munzvimbo isingawanzogariki uye isina mvura. Zvisinei, maruva haaiti gore negore, izvo zvinowedzera kukwezva kwavo uye chakavanzika, pamwe chete nechavo kukosha sechiitiko chemusikirwo. Maitiro emamiriro ekunze akakosha kuti tinzwisise nhoroondo ye.
Nhoroondo yerenje rine maruva
El desierto florido Haisi kungoitika nguva pfupi yapfuura. Nhoroondo yaro inodzokera kune pre-Hispanic uye nguva dzekoloni. Munguva idzi, renje rine maruva raibvumira kushandiswa kwe mugwagwa uri pakati peCopiapo neVallenar, anozivikanwa sa nzira yekuyambuka, iri padyo nenzira iripo yeRoute 5.
Kuunganidzwa kwekutanga kwezvipenyu kwakaitwa neve botanists vane mukurumbira muzana ramakore rechi 17 nerechi18, vakadai sevaSpanish Hipólito Ruiz López naJosé Antonio Pavón y Jiménez, vakaita Botanical Expedition kune Viceroyalty yePeru muna 1777. Rwendo urwu rwakabata nharaunda dzemazuva ano dzeChile nePeru, uye zvarunoita pakunzwisisa kwemaruva enzvimbo iyi zvakakosha.
Gare gare, muna 1831, muFrench naturalist Claudio Gay Akaedza kuongorora gwenga rine maruva, asi akasangana nekusanaya kwemvura, izvo zvakamutadzisa kuona maruva. Zvisinei, muna 1835, musayendisiti wokuBritain Charles Darwin Vakataura nezvekuita kwekunaya kwemvura pambeu, vachiratidza kuti kushomeka kwemvura kunogona sei kubereka zvirimwa zvakawanda munzvimbo dzakaita se Copiapo naHuasco. Ichi chiitiko chave chiri nyaya yekudzidza nekunakidzwa kweanopfuura mazana maviri emakore uye yakasiya chiratidzo panhoroondo yesainzi yedunhu.
Kuvandudza matanho ekudzivirira
Chiyero chekutanga chekudzivirira che desierto florido Yakavambwa muna 1997, apo Atacama Regional Government yakagadzira iyo Flowering Desert Commission, kuburikidza nechiito chekutonga chinotsanangura nzvimbo dzedziviriro uye kufarira kwevashanyi. Ichi chirongwa chakatsvaga kuchengetedza chiitiko ichi pamberi pekuwedzera kwekushanya uye kutyisidzira kwakabatana nazvo. kutorwa uye kutengeswa kwemarudzi ye flora.
Mataundi eVallenar neLa Serena akabatana nedziviriro iyi kuburikidza nemirau yameya inorambidza kutorwa, kucheka, kutakura, uye kutengeswa kwemarudzi emaruva emugwenga akadai sehuillis, añañucas, negarra de león. Nekufamba kwenguva, mamwe maguta akadai seLa Higuera, Freirina neCaldera akaisa mirau yakafanana, nokudaro achidzivirira kupfuura Miti zana yemiti yakabatana nechiitiko ichi chechisikigo.
Uye zvakare, muna 2022, Hurumende yeChile yakazivisa kusikwa kweiyo Flowering Desert National Park, chinangwa chekudzivirira marudzi anopfuura 200 emaruva nemiti munharaunda yacho, zvichiratidza kushanda nesimba kwakaitwa nehurumende kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uku. Iyi paki, iyo inovhara nzvimbo ye 57,107 mahekita, yakasikwa zviri pamutemo muna Chikunguru 2023 uye inotsvaga kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvese maruva nemhuka dzenzvimbo, kusanganisira tumbuyu, shiri, zvinokambaira, uye zvinoyamwisa, izvo zvinova zvakanyanya kuoneka uye kushanda panguva yemaruva.
Matambudziko neramangwana regwenga rine maruva
Pasinei nekuedza kuchengetedza, the desierto florido inotarisana nematambudziko makuru nekuda kwemabasa evanhu uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuwedzera kwekushanya mudunhu kwakonzera kushushikana pamusoro pemabatiro angave nawo pamaruva nemhuka, sekuwanda kwevashanyi kuchigona. shandura chiyero chakapfava cheecosystem. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kushandisa nzira dzakasimba dzinotibvumira kunakidzwa nekunaka kwechiitiko ichi chepanyama pasina kukanganisa kuvimbika kwayo.
Kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kutumbuka uye mamiriro ekunze munharaunda kwakakosha kuti unzwisise zviri nani chiitiko ichi uye kusiyana kwacho. Sezvo tsvakiridzo yesainzi iri kufambira mberi, zvinotarisirwa kuti ruzivo ruchawanwa ruchabatsira kukudziridza maitiro ekuchengetedza anobudirira uye kusimudzira ruzivo rweveruzhinji nezvekukosha kwekuchengetedza ichi chiwanikwa chakakosha.
El desierto florido Icho chiitiko chakasiyana chinoratidza kusimba kwechisikigo uye kugona kwayo kutishamisa. Imwe neimwe maruva matsva mukana wekupemberera biodiversity yedunhu uye rangarira kukosha kwekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvedu mukutarisana nekuwedzera kwedzvinyiriro yevanhu.
Nokudaro, Renje reAtacama, rinozivikanwa nokuda kwokuoma kwaro, rinotipa chitarisiko cheruvara noupenyu makore mashomanene oga oga, richisimbisazve nzvimbo yaro seimwe yenzvimbo dzinofadza zvikurusa papasi.