Muhupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ese, tinotarisisa zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvinoita kuti hupenyu paPasi hugoneke. Imwe yeinonyanya kufuratirwa, asi yakakosha, ndeye Magineti epasi, simba risingaoneki rakatipoteredza senhoo chaiyoiyo yomuchadenga. Iyi ndima haisi kutitungamirira chete kuburikidza nemakampasi, asi inoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira zvinokuvadza zveZuva.
Ungave usina kumbofunga nezvazvo, asi pasina iyi nhoo isingaoneki yakapoteredza pasi redu, upenyu sezvatinohuziva hungadai husipo. Uye hakusi kuwedzeredza: Sekondi yega yega, simba reMagineti rePasi rinotenderedza matani anopfuura miriyoni ezvikamu zvezuva izvo, kana zvikasamiswa, zvinogona kupukuta mhepo uye kuputsa masisitimu edu ese ehunyanzvi. Mamwe mashoko pamusoro peizvi anogona kuwanikwa pa Chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pePasi reMagineti.
Chii chinonzi Magnetic field uye chinogadzirwa sei?
Magineti ePasi, anozivikanwawo se munda we geomagnetic, isimba rinomuka nekuda kwekufamba kwe kunze kwekunze kwepasi, inoumbwa kazhinji ne simbi yakanyungudutswa inogara ichibvongodzwa. Bato iri rinogadzira hukuru hwemagetsi emagetsi izvo zvinopa simba remagineti rinotambanuka kubva mukati meNyika kuenda kunze. Kana iwe uchida kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti zvinoshanda sei, unogona kutarisa chinyorwa pa kuti simba reMagineti rePasi rinoshanda sei.
Chiitiko ichi chinozivikanwa se geodynamo, uye inoita kuti Nyika iite semagineti hombe pane mitsetse yesimba Vanobuda mune rimwe danda vopinda neparimwe. Sezvineiwo, mugungano razvino, the Magnetic north pole anonongedza kunzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba uye zvakasiyana, izvo zvinowanzokonzera kuvhiringidzika.
Uyewo, iyo magineti axis haina kunyatso kurongeka neiyo geographic axis yepasi, asi yakarereka ingangoita 11,5 madhigirii. Kurereka uku kunoita kuti magineti ePasi ive nechimiro che dipolar, asi chimiro chayo chakaomarara kupfuura zvazvinoita pekutanga. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvehukama pakati pezuva nePasi remagineti, ndinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge Kuti Zuva rinokanganisa sei simba reMagineti rePasi.
Iyo magnetosphere: nhovo yedu pamusoro pekunze
Iyo magnetic field inoenda kunze kwemhepo uye inoumba iyo magnetosphere, chivakwa chikuru chinoshanda sechipingamupinyi kurwisa mhepo yezuva, kuyerera kunoramba kuripo kwezvikamu zvinochajiswa izvo Zuva rinobudisa nekumhanya kukuru. Kudai mhepo iyi yaizorova Pasi zvakananga, mhepo yakapoteredza pasi yaizoparara zvishoma nezvishoma, uye migumisiro pazvisikwa zvipenyu nemichina yemagetsi yaizova inoparadza.
Munharaunda iyi, chikamu chegasi chiri muchimiro che ionized plasma, kureva kuti, nezvikamu zvakachajiswa zvinopindirana zvakananga nemagnetic field. Zvimedu izvi zvinofamba pamwe chete mitsara yeminda, sekunge inofamba mumigwagwa isingaoneki. Izvo ndezvekutenda kune ichi chiitiko kuti zvimiro zvakaita se Van Allen radiation mabhandi kana the magnetic glue zveNyika. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve auroras, unogona kushanyira chinyorwa chinoburitsa kuti magetsi ekuchamhembe anogadzirwa sei.
Mukati memagnetosphere mune akati wandei akakodzera nzvimbo:
- Van Allen Belts: nzvimbo dzinofamba zvimedu zvinenge kumhanya kwechiedza.
- Ring current: simba remagetsi rakatenderedza pasi rinoumbwa nemaoni anesimba anofamba pakuwanda. Iyi yemazuva ano inobatsira kuderedza kwechinguva kusimba kwemunda wakayerwa pamusoro.
- Inotonhora uye dense plasma mukutenderera kwakabatana nePasi.
Iyi yese yakabatana system pakati pemagineti nemhepo yezuva inoumba iyo inozivikanwa se space weather, seti yezviitiko kubva kuauroras kusvika kune geomagnetic dutu rinokanganisa kufambiswa kwemashoko uye network yemagetsi. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pemigumisiro yemadutu ezuva, unogona kuverenga Chii chaizoitika kana simba reMagineti reZuva richidzokera shure?.
Maitiro ezuva particles anoita sei: auroras uye magnetic dutu
Solar particles, kana yakatsauswa nemagnetic field, inowanzokanganisa nzvimbo dzepolar uko mitsetse yemunda yakavhurika. Imo munzvimbo idzi uko kwakabva Mwenje yeKumaodzanyemba neMaodzanyemba Mwenje, chitarisiko chinopenya chisiri chekunaka chete, asiwo nyevero yenguva dzose simba rebhomba rakatipoteredza.
Kana huwandu hukuru hwezuva hunosvika paNyika-sezvinoitika panguva yemadutu ezuva-inogona kupfuura nepakati pemagnetosphere uye kukonzera inonzi geomagnetic dutu. Aya madutu anogona kukanganisa:
- Magetsi emagetsi (sezvakaitika muQuebec muna 1989).
- GPS uye telecommunication masisitimu.
- Satellite uye zviteshi zvemuchadenga, izvo zvikamu zvinogona kukuvadzwa nekunyanya kuratidzwa nemwaranzi.
- Ndege panzira dziri pedyo nemapango, dzimwe nguva dzinofanira kutsauka senzira yekuzvidzivirira.
Kudzidza kwezviitiko izvi kwaita kuti zvikwanisike kutarisira zviitiko zvezuva uye kugadzirira masisitimu ane mutoro wekudzora zvakakosha zvivakwa kuitira kuti vagone. zviri nani kuramba migumisiro yayo. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvemadutu emuchadenga nemhedzisiro yawo, tarisa chinyorwa pa madutu emuchadenga.
Kutyisidzira kuri kukura kweSouth Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kunetsa zvePasi reMagineti yepasi kuvepo kwe nzvimbo uko kusimba kwayo kunoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), dunhu rinofukidza chikamu cheSouth America neSouth Atlantic Ocean.
Munharaunda iyi, magnetic shield inowanikwa so kupera simba kuti masatelliti anopfuura pamusoro payo anoratidzwa kune a kunyanya kubhomba kwema solar particles. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kutadza kwemagetsi masisitimu ako, kurasikirwa nedata, kana kukuvara zvachose. Kana iwe uchifarira dingindira, tarisa chinyorwa pa kutendeuka kwemagnetic poles.
Chinonetsa ndechekuti Kusanzwisisika uku hakuna kungoenderera mberi, asi kunoratidzika kunge kuri kuwedzera. uye kunyange kupatsanurana kuita nzvimbo mbiri dzakasiyana, zvichiita kuti kuongorora kunyanye kuoma. Dzimwe dzidziso dzinonongedza kusarongeka mukuumbwa kwepakati pePasi sechikonzero chinobvira.
Kudzoserwa kwemagineti matanda: a cyclical phenomenon
Mumwe mubvunzo unonyanya kunetsa ndeye mukana wekuti a kudzoserwa kuzere kwemagineti pole. Kunyangwe inganzwika seapocalyptic, ichi chiitiko chemusikirwo chakaitika kakawanda munhoroondo ye geological yepasi.
Kuchinja kwekupedzisira kwakaitika makore angangoita 780.000 apfuura. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti tiri pakati pemaitiro akafanana, kunyange zvakadaro nguva yaro inogona kuwedzera kwemazana emakore. Munguva ino, iyo magnetic field inogona kupera simba, kuchinja chimiro, uye kugadzira matanda akawanda echinguvana.
Izvi zvingava nemigumisiro yei? Kunyangwe zvaisazomiririra kutyisidzira kwakananga kuhupenyu, kune kuratidzwa kukuru kune solar uye cosmic mwaranzi pamusoro, izvo zvingakanganisa zvipenyu zvinotsamira pamagineti kuti pave papi, zvakadai sedzimwe shiri, kamba dzomugungwa, kana kuti shaki. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvezvinorehwa nechiitiko ichi, unogona kuona chinyorwa chinokurukura kuti chiedza chekuchamhembe chinoumba sei.
Mamisheni eSainzi kuti anzwisise Earth's magnetic shield
Kudzidza ese aya masimba, Masangano akasiyana-siyana emuchadenga akatanga mishoni chaidzo mumakore achangopfuura, pakati pawo zvinobuda pachena:
- Mutsara (ESA): Masetelliti matatu akatangwa muna 2013 anotarisisa magineti masaini epakati, mantle, crust, uye mhepo.
- THEMIS (NASA): Basa rakaona kuti kune nzvimbo mbiri huru idzo solar particles dzinopfuura nepamagineti zviri nyore.
- Magsat, CHAMP uye Cluster: Yakapfuura uye yekuwedzera mishoni iyo yakabvumira mepu iyo magineti uye kuona anomalies senge iri muSouth Atlantic.
Aya mamishini anobvumira kuvandudzwa kwemamodheru akadai IGRF (International Geomagnetic Reference Field), inogara ichigadziridzwa kuratidza shanduko dzakacherechedzwa uye inoshandiswa nekufambisa uye masisitimu ekutungamira pasi rese. Kana iwe uchifarira chimiro chemuchadenga maererano nemagnetic field, ndinokurudzira kuverenga pachimiro chemhepo.
Beyond Earth: The heliosphere senhoo yedu yekupedzisira
Beyond the magnetosphere, imwe layer yekudzivirira inouya mukutamba: the heliosphere. Iyi hombe yemagineti bubble inoenderera kupfuura orbit yePluto uye inogadzirwa neiyo mhepo yezuva inoburitswa neZuva. Inoshanda senhoo pakurwisa cosmic mwaranzi kubva kune dzimwe nyeredzi.
Kwenguva refu yaifungidzirwa kuti chimiro chayo chakanga chakafanana nechomucomet, ine muswe wakareba. Asi mifanidzo mitsva, yakavakirwa pane data kubva kumishoni dzakadai Voyager uye IBEX, zvakaratidza kuti heliosphere yakafanana ne compact croissant. Kuwanikwa uku kwakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti yakawanda sei iyo cosmic radiation inokwanisa kupinda muSolar System.
Mishoni Interstellar Mepu uye Kumhanyisa Probe (IMAP), yakarongerwa kuvhurwa muna 2024, ine chinangwa chekuwedzera ruzivo urwu uye kubatsira kugadzira mamisisheni emuchadenga akachengetedzwa zvirinani kubva kunjodzi dzenzvimbo yakadzika.
Nekuda kwekutsvagisa kwesainzi kwazvino, tinoziva nhasi kuti Magineti epasi haangokoshi paupenyu chete, asi zvakare chimiro chine simba uye chinogara chichishanduka. Kunyangwe zvisingaoneki, maitiro ayo anobatika: inodzivirira yedu setiraiti, masisitimu emagetsi, matekinoroji ekufambisa, uye, chokwadika, hupenyu hwedu kubva mukubhomba kusingaregi kwenzvimbo. Naizvozvo, kunzwisisa maitiro avo uye kutarisira shanduko hakungonakidza chete, asi kwakakosha kune ramangwana revanhu.
