Kutarisa mudenga uye kuona ndege dzichiyambuka, dzichisiya mitsetse michena mirefu shure kwadzo, kwakamutsa mibvunzo yakawanda, nharo, uye, chokwadika, dzidziso dzokurangana. Parizvino, nyaya shoma dzakonzera kupokana kwakawanda pasocial media uye maforamu sekunzi "chakavanzika" chirongwa chekupfapfaidza mumhepo, chinozivikanwa sechemtrails. Asi chii chaizvo chiri seri kwenzira dzinoyambuka denga? Vari kutipfapfaidza here kana kuti imhute yemvura chete?
Muchinyorwa chino tichagadzirisa chimiro chechokwadi chenzira dzendege, kuburitsa mabviro uye hwaro hwechemtrail kurangana dzidziso, maitiro ayo munharaunda, uye chinzvimbo chesainzi nenyanzvi. Tichaongorora izvo zviri pamutemo zvinyorwa zvinoti, humbowo hupi huripo, kuti contrails inoumbwa sei, uye nei tichiona yakawanda yazvo mumatenga nhasi kupfuura makumi mashoma emakore apfuura. Gadzirira kuziva kuti sei chiitiko ichi chisinganzwisisike pane zvazvinoratidzika uye nei sainzi yakajeka nezvazvo.
Kwakabva gakava: Chii chinonzi chemtrail theory?
Izwi rokuti chemtrail chidimbu chemazwi echiShona anoti chemical trail. Uku kutaura kwave kuchishandiswa kwemakore kureva fungidziro yekuti ndege inoburitsa nemaune zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari kana zvipenyu, pasi pebutiro rezvinonzi zvirongwa zvakavanzika.
The rangano dzidziso pamusoro chemtrails Vanoramba vachiti mitsetse michena mirefu yatinoona kuseri kwendege dziri kupfuura haingori mhute yemvura yakapfupika, asi musanganiswa wezvinhu zvinokuvadza vanhu. Vanoti izvi zvakakonzerwa nezvinangwa zvezvirongwa zvakadai sekudzora pfungwa, kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze, kukuvadzwa kwezvirimwa, kana kutoderedza huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose. Panototaurwa nezvehosha dzinokonzerwa, kuchinjwa kwembereko, uye kunyange mauto akavanzika.
Iyi rondedzero inowanzoperekedzwa nemifananidzo nemavhidhiyo enzira dzakakura mudenga, dzinowanzogovaniswa pasocial media, dzinoratidzwa sehumbowo hwekufukidzira. Dzimwe nguva zvinyorwa izvi zvinosanganisira mapikicha ematangi kana madhiramu ari mukati mendege, asi kazhinji mifananidzo yacho inozopedzisira yave yebvunzo dzehunyanzvi kana ndege dzinodzima moto, zvisingaenderane nedzidziso.
Mavambo ehunyengeri akadzokera kuredhiyo yekuAmerica mumakore ekuma90 nekuma2000, apo dzimwe nhepfenyuro dzakadudzira zvisizvo zvinyorwa zvepamutemo nezvekuyedza kwemamiriro ekunze. Kubva ipapo, iyo chemtrail theory yakachinja uye yakachinjika kune kutya munharaunda yenguva - chirwere, kutonga munharaunda, denda, dambudziko remamiriro ekunze - richinyanya kufarirwa munguva dzekusagadzikana.
Contrails vs. Chemtrails: Real Differences uye Scientific Tsanangudzo
Kuti tinzwisise zviri kunyatsoitika mudenga, tinofanira kusiyanisa pakati pe contrails uye chemtrails. Muchidzidzo chemuchadenga uye nezvemamiriro ekunze, nzira dzekudzikamisana dzakaumbwa nendege dzinopfuura dzinonzi contrails. Dzinomuka sei?
- Ndege yejeti inobhururuka pakakwirira, uko tembiricha iri kutenderera -35°C kusvika -57°C uye mhepo yemuchadenga yakaderera zvikuru.
- Kupisa kwehuturu mumainjini ako kunonyanya kugadzira mhute yemvura, pamwe nemamwe magasi akadai secarbon dioxide uye nitrogen oxides (NOx).
- Kana mhute yemvura iyi yasangana nemhepo inotonhora uye kana mhepo yakapoteredza pasi iine mwando wakakwana, kukurumidza kuita condensation kunoitika. Iyo mhute inoumba madonhwe uye makristasi echando, ichigadzira nzira inooneka inogona kugara kwemasekonzi, maminetsi, kana kunyange maawa, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze.
Aya maronda ari mudenga ane tsananguro yemuviri yave ichinyatsozivikanwa kwemakumi emakore, uye zvakatsanangurwa muzvinyorwa zvesainzi kubvira kuma50. Kureba, ukobvu, uye chitarisiko che contrail zvinoenderana nekupisa, mwando, uye mhepo munzvimbo iri kubhururuka nendege. Kana mhepo yakanyorova uye ichitonhora, iyo contrail inogona kuwedzera uye inopfuurira kwenguva yakareba; kana yakaoma kana kuti kune mhepo ine simba, inonyangarika nokukurumidza.
Iko hakuna mutsauko chaiwo pakati pe contrail uye chemtrail, kunze kwenzira yekurangana inoratidzira vavariro dzakavanzwa kune chiri chiitiko chepanyama. Kuumbwa kukuru kwenzira idzi imvura mune yakasimba fomu (makristasi echando), inoperekedzwa zvishoma nezvimedu zvinogadzirwa nekupisa, asi muhuwandu husina kukosha maererano nemhedzisiro yemhepo.
Sei tichiona zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda nhasi kupfuura kare?
Chiratidzo chinowanzoonekwa pakati pevatsigiri ve chemtrail theory ndechokuti nzira dzakawanda dzinoonekwa mudenga ikozvino kupfuura makumi mashoma emakore apfuura. Nekudaro, tsananguro iri kure nechero kurangana uye ine musoro zvachose:
- Kufambiswa kwemhepo pasi rose kwakura zvakanyanya mumakore makumi matatu apfuura. Uko kamwe chete kana kuti ndege mbiri dzaibhururuka pazuva, nhasi makumi kana kuti kunyange mazana anobhururuka nenzira dzekutengeserana.
- Kushanda kwejet injini kwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Injini itsva dzinodzinga mhute yemvura patembiricha yakaderera kupfuura makore 30 kana 40 apfuura, zvichifarira kutaridzika uye kusimba kwezvipingamupinyi pasi pemamiriro emuchadenga asina kumboitika.
- Ndege dzekutengesa dzinoshanda munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Kare, ndege zhinji dzaibhururuka munzvimbo dzakakwirira uko mamiriro ekudzikisira aisaitika kakawanda. Nekuwedzera kwekukwirira uye teknolojia yakagadziridzwa, stelae ikozvino yakajairika uye inooneka.
Mamiriro ekunze chaiwo anewo simba. Kana mhepo ikanyanya kunyorova, kutonhora, uye kudzikama, contrail inogona kushanduka kuita makore ekugadzira ecirrus yogara kwemaawa, ichitogadzira mambure chaiwo anoonekwa zuva rese munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda.
Nzira dzendege dzine chepfu here?
Sainzi uye chokwadi zvinoramba pfungwa yekuti zvinopesana zvinoumbwa nemakemikari ane ngozi kana zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze kana hutano. Atmospheric sainzi nyanzvi, pamwe nezvidzidzo zvepasi rose nemasangano ane mukurumbira, vanosimbisa kuti:
- Iko kuumbwa kwezvipingamupinyi kunonyanya kunyungudutswa mvura mumhando yemakristasi echando.
- Injini dzendege dzinoburitsa zvimwe zvimedu zvakaita secarbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, uye zvisaririra zvemahydrocarbon, soot, nesimbi, asi mumavhoriyamu akaderera uye asina kuitirwa kupfutidza kana kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu.
- Humbowo hunoshandiswa se "humbowo" hwekupfapfaidza hunowanzo torwa kunze kwemamiriro, mavhidhiyo anonyengedzwa, kana masampuli kubva kundege dzekuyedza, dzisingaenderane nendege dzekutengesa.
Somuenzaniso, Imwe ongororo yakabudiswa muna 2016 neCarnegie Institution for Science, University of California Irvine, uye sangano re Near Zero yakabvunza nyanzvi makumi manomwe nenomwe dzemuchadenga nezvekuvapo kwechirongwa chekupfapfaidza mumhepo chakavanzika.: 76 yavo yakataura kuti pakanga pasina humbowo hwakakomba, uye 77 yaingoratidza kuti yakanga isina ruzivo rwakakwana, asiwo hapana humbowo hunotsigira.
Mhedziso imwechete yakasimbiswa nemasangano akadai seUnited States Air Force uye Environmental Protection Agency, pamwe neSpanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET) uye World Meteorological Organisation (WMO).
Zvakadiniko nezvekudyara kwegore, geoengineering, uye kuedza kwemamiriro ekunze?
Kumwe kuvhiringika pamusoro pekudzorwa kwendege kunobva pakuvepo chaiko kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze, akadai sekudzvara mumakore. Zviyedzo izvi, zvakatanga kumakore ekuma1940, zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira kuedza kuunza mvura kana kudzivirira chimvuramabwe nekushandisa zvinhu zvakaita sesirivheri iodide kana munyu, uye zvinogara zvichiitwa kubva kune majenareta epasi kana, panguva dzisingawanzoitiki, nendege diki, yakaderera.
Aya chaiwo, maitiro mashoma, ane hunyanzvi hwekuita mubvunzo zvakanyanya, hazvifanirwe kuvhiringika nezvisungo zvinoshandiswa pandege dzekutengesa. Kudyara kwegore kunoda mamiriro chaiwo; haigadziri ma contrails akafanana neaya endege dzekutengesa. uye muSpain zvinoitwa kubva pasi, kwete kubva mundege. Uyezve, maererano neAEMET, hapana chirongwa chehurumende chakavanzika chekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze akawanda uchishandisa ndege.
Parizvino, mamiriro ekunze geoengineering akadzikiswa zvakanyanya kune iyo nzvimbo yekutsvagisa theoretical. Kunyange pfungwa dzakakurudzirwa kuyedza kudzikisira kudziya kwepasi, sekuparadzira aerosols mu stratosphere, zviedzo izvi hazvisati zvaitwa pamwero unoshanda kusvika parizvino nekuda kwenjodzi nekusagadzikana kwazvinokonzeresa. Uyezve, hurongwa hweUnited Nations hwave huripo kubvira 2010, hunorambidza basa guru remamiriro ekunze geoengineering nekuda kwekutya kwemigumisiro isingatarisirwi.
Scientific nharo pamusoro pechemtrail kurangana
Humbowo hwesainzi hahupi tsigiro yedzidziso dzekurangana nezve chemtrails. Mapoinzi anonyanyozivikanwa ayo debunk kurangana dzidziso dzinosanganisira:
- Logistical impossibilityKupfapfaidza pakakwirira (ndege dzekutengesa dzinobhururuka pakati pe9.000 ne13.000 metres) hazvishande. Chigadzirwa chakatangwa kubva paurefu ihwohwo chaisasvika pasi chiri mumhepo yakanyungudutswa, asi kuti chakapararira mumhepo, uye chaizorasika chisati chasvika kune chero chinangwa chaicho.
- Kushaya uchapupu hwemakemikari: Hapana ongororo yakaona zvisaririra zvebarium, aruminiyamu, kana mamwe macompounds ane muchetura mune zvisingaite mushure mekufamba kwendege dzekutengesa. Iwo anonzi "bvudzi rengirozi" kana mafilaments anotaurwa mune mamwe maforamu anowanzo kutsanangurwa nesainzi semafuta echisikigo kana marara emuindasitiri, asina kubatana nekupfapfaidza kwemuchadenga.
- Kushaikwa kwekubvumirana pakati pevatsigiri vedzidzisoKunyange avo vanotenda muchivande chemtrail chirongwa havabvumirani pane zvinangwa kana zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa. Kudzora kwemamiriro ekunze, kurwiswa kwebiology, chepfu yakawanda kana kutonga kwepfungwa zvese zvakasanganiswa pasina maitiro. iyo inobvisa kubatana kwese kubva mukupokana.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti kupararira kwedzidziso dzakadai se chemtrails kunowedzera mhinduro kune kutya kwevanhu uye ruzivo rwenhema pane kuva nechinangwa chechokwadi kana zvinangwa zvakavanzika. Kuwanda kwemifananidzo nemavhidhiyo pasocial media, kufambiswa kwemashoko anotyisa, uye kududzirwa zvisizvo kwemagwaro epamutemo zvese zvinobatsira kuchengetedza hoax iri mhenyu, kunyanya munguva dzehutano kana dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza.
Ko zvinodzorwa nendege zvinokanganisa mamiriro ekunze here?
Kunyangwe nzira dzekudzikisa dzisina zvigadzirwa zvine chepfu uye dzisingagadzirise mamiriro ekunze pamadiro, Ehe, vanogona kuve nehumwe hukuru-hukuru hwekuvhenekesa kana vakaunganidza. Contrails inogona kushanduka kuita artificial cirrus makore (anonzi anthropocirrus) uye, nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo, inoteya chikamu chekupisa kwePasi mumhepo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti makore akaumbwa nendege anoita 0,1% yefukidziro yegore pasi rose uye anobatsira chikamu che3,5% chekukanganisa kunoitwa nevanhu pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Pakazere, izvi zvinokonzeresa zvidiki pane izvo zvinokonzerwa nekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse kubva kundege.
Pamusoro pazvo, IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) yakaongorora kuti contrails pamwaranzi yezuva uye yakaona kuti mhedzisiro yacho idiki kana ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinokonzeresa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Izvi hazvisi zvemaune asi yechipiri mhedzisiro yekuwedzera kwekufamba kwemhepo uye mamiriro ekubhururuka kwemuchadenga.
Basa resocial media uye kupararira kwehutachiona hwemazano ekurangana
Muzera redhijitari, hoaxes dzinowanzoenda kuhutachiona zviri nyore. Iyo chemtrail theory muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti pfungwa isina hwaro hwesainzi inogona kuve yakakurumbira zvakanyanya.
Kureruka uko mapikicha, mavhidhiyo, uye mameseji anogovaniswa pamapuratifomu senge Instagram, Twitter, uye maforamu akasarudzika anowedzera manzwiro ekuti "chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chiri kuitika" mudenga. Chokwadi, Humbowo huzhinji hunooneka hunobva pakusangana, kusaziva nezvemamiriro ekunze, kana kududzira zvisiri izvo.
Mifananidzo yendege dzine matangi mukati kazhinji inobva pakuyedzwa kwekutakura, ndege dzinodzima moto, kana kuyedza kweaerodynamics, kwete michina yekupfutisa yakavanzika. Saizvozvowo, tsananguro dzakasiyana-siyana dziri kutenderera pasocial media — sekufungidzirwa kukonzeresa mamiriro ekunze panguva yekusanaya kwemvura kana denda — zvinorambwa zvachose nenyanzvi nemasangano akakodzera.
Sei kutenda mune chemtrails kuchiramba?
Mafungiro ekurangana senge chemtrails anoenderera nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati wandei. Chimwe chinhu, kushaikwa kweruzivo rwekutanga meteorological phenomena Izvi zvinoita kuti vanhu vakawanda vafunge nezvechinhu chinoshamisa icho sainzi yakatsanangura zvakakwana kwemakumi emakore. Nerimwe divi, kusagutsikana munharaunda, kusavimba nemasangano, uye kutya zvisingazivikanwe kunopisa kutsvaga vavariro dzakavanzwa kana chinangwa chakaipa kuseri kwezviitiko zvemazuva ese.
Kupokana kwekugamuchira tsananguro yesainzi kunotsanangurwa zvakare nekusimbisa kusarura: Avo vanodavira kurangana kwacho vanongotsvaka bedzi mashoko anoisimbisa, vachifuratira ufakazi hunopesana. Uyezve, iyo chameleon-yakaita semhando yemhando idzi dzedzidziso inovabvumira kujairana nezviitiko zvazvino - denda, dambudziko remamiriro ekunze, kupokana kwepasirese - kuramba vari vapenyu kunyangwe chokwadi chichipokana nazvo.
Chii chatinofanira kunyatsoona mudenga?
Kure nekupfapfaidza kukuru, kutarisa denga uye kusiyanisa nzira dzendege kunogona kuve mukana wakanakisa wekudzidza nezve meteorology nesaenzi yemhepo.
Contrails inogona kutibatsira kuziva kana mhepo iri kumusoro ine mwando, kana paine mafambiro achinja, kana madutu ari kuuya. Kuvapo kwadzo, nguva, uye chimiro zvinotiudza nezvemamiriro emuchadenga uye kuwanda kwekufamba kwemhepo munzvimbo iyi. Kutarisa kudenga neruzivo kunogona kuve mushonga wakanakisa wekudzivirira ruzivo rwenhema.
Tichifunga nezvese ruzivo urwu, zviri pachena kuti nzira chena dzine mukurumbira dzakasiiwa nendege mudenga hadzisi mhedzisiro yekurangana kwepasi rose, asi mhedzisiro isingadzivisike yefizikisi yemhepo uye kushanda kwejeti injini. Kuwedzera kwekufamba kwendege, unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu, uye mamiriro okunze asingatarisirwi zvinotsanangura kuwanda kwenzira idzi mumakumi emakore achangopfuura. Masangano esainzi, nyanzvi, uye masangano epasi rese anoramba zvachose kuvepo kwechirongwa chekufukidzira chakavanzika, uye zvidzidzo zvese zvakavimbika zvinoratidza kuti contrails ingori mvura muchimiro chechando. Zvishandiso zvakanakisa zvekubvisa kusahadzika uye debunk hoaxes ruzivo rwakaomarara uye kufunga kwakasimba: Kutarisa mudenga kunogona kufadza, asiwo kunodzidzisa uye kusina kutya kana tikanzwisisa chokwadi chezvatinoona.