Muchadenga, mune zvakawanwa zvinoratidzira pamberi uye pashure munzira yatinonzwisisa nayo cosmos, uye Eos ndechimwe chezviya zvakawanwa zvinoshandura dzidziso dzakasimbiswa dzenyeredzi pamisoro yavo. Iri gore rakakura kwazvo remamorekuru, rinoumbwa zvakanyanya nehydrogen, rakavanzwa kubva kumaziso echinyakare teresikopu kunyangwe riri munzvimbo yedu yegalactic. Iri pedyo zvinoshamisa nePasi, Eos haina kungomira kunze kwehukuru hwayo, asiwo inomiririra shanduko yechokwadi munzira yatinoongorora iyo interstellar medium.
Zvakatora kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji nemafungiro matsva kuburitsa zvakaramba zvisingaonekwe nemeso emunhu kwemakumi emakore. Ongororo dzakati wandei dzepasirese, dzichitungamirwa nenhamba dzinotungamira dzakaita seRutgers University-New Brunswick uye dzinotsigirwa nemapepanhau esainzi anotungamira, dzakajekesa Eos, dzichivhura mikova mitsva mukudzidza kwekuumbwa kwenyeredzi uye simba renyeredzi redu. Muchinyorwa chino, tinoongorora zvese zvese, chokwadi, uye zvinonakidza chokwadi nezvegore rinonakidza iri nemabatiro aringaite pakuongorora nyeredzi kwemazuva ano.
Kuwanikwa kusingatarisirwi kweEos: hofori yakavanda 300 light-years kure
Nyaya yeEos inotanga nemubvunzo uri nyore asi une simba: chii chiripo munharaunda yedu ye cosmic yatisati tamboona? Mhinduro yakauya kubva kuchikwata chepasi rese chemasayendisiti avo, vachisiya nhepfenyuro yechinyakare uye nzira dzekutarisa infrared, vakasarudza nzira itsva yakavakirwa pafluorescence yemamorekuru ehydrogen inocherechedzwa muultraviolet iri kure.
Eos inowanikwa chete 300 light-years kubva kuPasi uye kukura kwayo kunokatyamadza kunyangwe vazivi venyeredzi vane ruzivo.. Kudai taikwanisa kuiona mudenga, silhouette yayo yaizoda kuenzana nemwedzi yakazara 40 yakarongwa. Nehuremu, gore rine kanenge ka3.400 kuenzana nehukuru hweZuva redu pachedu, richitambanuka sekrescent inopenya pamepu dze ultraviolet dzedenga.
Nharaunda iyo Eos inoonekwa haina kunyatsozivikanwa nesainzi.. Muchokwadi, iri pamucheto weinonzi "Local Bubble," gomba hombe repasi-density gasi rakatenderedza solar system yedu uye rakaumbwa mushure mekuputika kwekare supernova. Zvinoshamisa kuti iyi titanic chimiro, isingaoneki kusvika zvino, yakabuda mune imwe yemakona akadzidzwa kwazvo edenga.
Zvakavanzika zve "rima" molecular cloud: Nei Eos isina kucherechedzwa
Chii chinoita kuti Eos ive yakakosha haingori saizi yayo chete, asi chakavanzika chakaitenderedza: Kunyangwe ichiumbwa zvakanyanya nemamolekyuli ehydrogen, inoshaya zvakajairwa nekabhoni monoxide (CO) inoshandiswa neteresikopu kuona makore akafanana.
Makore akajairwa mamorekuru anoonekwa kubva mumwaranzi inoburitswa neCO pawavelengths inosvikirwa neredhiyo teresikopu uye infrared, Asi Eos i, maererano nevatsvakurudzi, "rima molecular cloud" kana 'CO-rima'. Izvi zvinoreva kuti yakawanda yehuremu hwayo haingobudisi iyo CO siginecha, zvichiita kuti isaonekwe kunzira dzechinyakare dzekugadzira mepu yeinterstellar gasi.
Mhedzisiro yacho inoshamisa: chimiro chisina kucherechedzwa zvachose kwemakumi emakore, chakavigwa pachena mu data yezvenyeredzi. Asi apa ndipo panotora hunyanzvi hwesainzi: Panzvimbo pekutsvaga mwenje unowanzo kuperekedza CO, masayendisiti akafunga kuronda kupenya kunogadzirwa kana molecular hydrogen inonakidzwa nemwaranzi yeultraviolet, chiitiko chinonzi fluorescence.
Basa rakakosha retekinoroji: Sei molecular hydrogen fluorescence yakagonesa kuwanikwa
Kiyi yekuona Eos kwaive kushandiswa kwezviridzwa zvinokwanisa kutora fluorescence mune kure ultraviolet spectrum. Kunyanya, iyo FIMS-SPEAR spectrograph, yakaiswa paSouth Korea satellite STSAT-1, yakashandiswa kurekodha denga kubva 2003 kusvika 2005.
Ichi chiridzwa chakashanda seprism ye ultraviolet: Yakaodza mwenje waiburitswa nemorekuru wehydrogen kuita mawavelengths akasiyana, zvichibvumira kugadzirwa kwemepu yechokwadi yenzvimbo dzedenga uko gasi iri raipenya pasi pe ultraviolet excitation. Saka, pakuongorora mamepu aya, silhouette yeEos yakabuda zvakajeka secrescent inopenya, ichiganhura nzvimbo yeshanduko pakati pegasi reatomu rakapararira nematunhu akaomesesa emolecular hydrogen.
Ongororo iyi yakaratidza kuti mazhinji emamorekuru eEos haaonekwe kuCO, Asi rinoratidzika zvinokatyamadza muultraviolet, zvichiita kuti gore iri rive rabhoritari yechisikigo yekudzidza kwekutanga kwekuumbwa kwenyeredzi nemapuraneti.
Hunhu hwemuviri hweEos: Gasi titan munharaunda yedu yecosmic
Chii chatinonyatsoziva nezveEos uye kuumbwa kwayo? Zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo zvakatsikiswa, gore rine huremu hwakakura hunosvika zviuru zvitatu nemazana mana ezuva uye dhayamita ye3.400 parsecs (anenge makore makumi masere nematatu echiedza), ane chimiro chakajeka chekrescent chinomira chakasiyana nedenga redenga.
Nzvimbo yaro pamucheto weLocal Bubble inoiisa munzvimbo ine rombo rekudzidza kudyidzana pakati peinterstellar gasi uye zvakasara zvechinyakare supernova kuputika. Muchokwadi, iyo silhouette yeEos inoratidzika yakanyatsochekwa mune yakapfava X-ray mepu, zvichiratidza kuti inoshanda sechisikigo chipingamupinyi kumwaranzi kubva munzvimbo ye galactic.
Iyi ficha inoratidza kuti kwairi hakuna masangana: Tsvagiridzo yapfuura yakatoratidza kuti matunhu anoberekerwa nyeredzi dziri padyo neZuva anowanzo kuwanikwa mukati meBubhu reMunharaunda, uye Eos inonyatsokwana mumuenzaniso iwoyo.
Ko Eos achagadzira nyeredzi itsva here? Kugadzikana, ramangwana uye photodissociation
Imwe yemibvunzo inonyanya kunakidza pamusoro peEos ndeyekuti yakarongerwa kuve 'nyeredzi cradle' chero nguva munguva pfupi. Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, masayendisiti akaongorora kugadzikana kwaro vachishandisa Jeans mass criterion, iyo inotarisa kana gore rinogona kudonha zvine simba uye kuumba nyeredzi itsva.
Mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti Eos yakagadzikana zvishoma: Chero bedzi tembiricha yegasi ichipfuura 100 Kelvin, gore rinoramba kudonha uye harizogadziri nyeredzi nekukurumidza. Asi chiyero ichi chakanyanya kutetepa uye chinogona kuchinja zvichienderana nemwaranzi inoirova kubva munzvimbo ye galactic.
Uyewo, Eos iri kuita zvakanyanya photodissociation process, uko mwaranzi yeultraviolet neX-rays inoputsa mamolecular hydrogen kuita maatomu ega ega. Zvinoenderana nemhando, mwero wekuparadza kwema molecular hydrogen parizvino wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mwero wekuumbwa kwenyeredzi, saka Eos inogona "kupera" nguva refu nyeredzi itsva dzisati dzazvarwa mukati mayo.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti gore rinogona kunyangarika mumakore 5,7 miriyoni, iyo isingambofemi pazvikero zvenyeredzi, kunyange zvazvo ichiita sekusingaperi kwatiri.
Rwendo rweMabhirioni 13.600 Kwemakore: Eos 'Ancient Hydrogen
Eos harisi rimwe gore gasi; Icho uchapupu hwechokwadi kunhoroondo ye cosmic. Hydrogen inoumba gore yakaumbwa muBig Bang pachayo uye, mushure merwendo rwemakore 13.600 bhiriyoni, yakaguma yawira mugwara redu renzou ichibva yaungana pamwechete munharaunda yesolar.
Ichi chokwadi chinoratidza kukosha kweEos sechinhu chakakosha kunzwisisa shanduko yemakemikari yepasirese, kubva pakurongwa patsva kwemaatomu ekutanga kusvika pakubuda kwezvizvarwa zvitsva zvenyeredzi nemapuraneti. Atomu yega yega yehydrogen muEos inotakura rwendo rurefu rwemuchadenga, uye zvino, nekuda kweruzivo rwenyeredzi rwemazuva ano, tinogona kudzidza maitiro ayo uye magumo munguva chaiyo.
Hazvina kukosha ndezvekuti Eos inopawo zita rayo kune nzvimbo mission yakakurudzirwa neNASA, vane chinangwa chekuwedzera ongororo yekuonekwa kwema molecular hydrogen kune mamwe matunhu egwara renzou, kuitira kuongorora kwakabva nekushanduka kwemakore ari pakati penyeredzi seuyu.
Zvinoreva uye ramangwana: Mangani 'Eos' anoramba akavanzwa mugirazi redu?
Kuwanikwa kweEos kwaingova chidimbu chechando. Kushandiswa kwemamorekuru ehaidrojeni fluorescence mune iri kure ultraviolet senzira itsva yekuona iri kushandura mepu yeinterstellar medium. Pamusoro pazvo, nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti panogona kunge paine mamwe makore akawanda akafanana 'akasviba' akapararira mugwara renyeredzi, asingaoneki kune zviridzwa zvazvino kunze kwekunge hunyanzvi hwakafanana nehunoshandiswa paEos hwashandiswa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya haangotimanikidzi kuti tiongorore huwandu hwenyaya iripo pakuumbwa kwenyeredzi, asi zvakare zvinoreva kuti yakawanda yesimba uye makemikari nhoroondo yeMilky Way yakaramba yakavanzwa kusvika zvino. Boka rekutsvagisa rakaburitsa Eos harina kutambisa nguva uye riri kutoshandisa nzira iyi kune mamwe ma data seti, kusanganisira zvakaonekwa neJames Webb Space Telescope, paine mukana wekuziva mamorekuru ari kure zvikuru ehydrogen akamboonekwa.
