Kamchatka Peninsula, iri kuFar East yeRussia, ndeimwe yenzvimbo idzo dzinoshamisa kunyange vafambi vane ruzivo rwakanyanya. Kusanganiswa kwayo kwemakomo anoputika anogara achiita, nzvimbo dzakakura dzesango, uye mhuka dzesango dzakasiyana dzinoita kuti ive paradhiso yechokwadi kune vanoda zvisikwa uye geology. Yakaparadzaniswa kwemakumi emakore uye isingasvikike kune vakawanda, Kamchatka yave kutanga kuvhurira nyika, ichiratidza hupfumi hwayo hwakavanzika kune avo vanotsunga kuongorora.
Kuongorora Kamchatka hakusi kungoshanyira nzvimbo iri kure yeRussia, ndezvekuongorora mune imwe yerabhoritari yepasi inoyevedza kwazvo. Pakati pekuputika kwemakomo, geyser, mazaya echando akakura, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu, kona imwe neimwe yeiyi peninsula inotaura nyaya mhenyu yekuumbwa kweNyika. Kuwana zvishamiso zvayo zve geological chiitiko chinosiya chiratidzo uye chinopa chiono chakasiyana. nezvesimba uye kunaka kwepasi redu.
Iyo yakavhurika-mhepo geological museum: makomo anoputika uye zvisingaite nzvimbo
Kamchatka inobata nzvimbo inosvika 470.000 square kilometers uye imusha kune imwe yenzvimbo dzakakura kwazvo dzemakomo anoputika munyika. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune vanenge XNUMX vanhu mupeninsula yose. 160 makomo anoputika uye 129 ari kushanda, zvizhinji zvacho inogona kushanyirwa panguva dzenzendo dzakarongwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya, akaumbwa nemakore anopfuura 50 miriyoni ekuputika kwemakomo uye tectonic chiitiko, aunza nzvimbo dzinenge dzisiri dzechokwadi uko. moto nechando zviri pamwe chete: Zvitubu zvinopisa, mazaya echando, mafuro ane maruva neminda yemabota zvinogadzira mufananidzo wemosaic unokwanisa kusiya kunyange mufambi anonyanya kufema achifemereka.
Pakati peakanyanya protagonist inzvimbo dzakaita sechiratidzo se Avacha Bay, makomo anoputika Mutnovsky, Gorely y Ksudach, the Mupata weGeysers and the Uzon boiler. Uyezve, Lake Kuril, mhedzisiro yekuputika kwechisimba, ikozvino ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo huru dzemapere ebrown nesalmon. Zvese izvi munzvimbo umo Hakuchina kunogara vanhu, iyo inowedzera kuwedzera manzwiro ekuve mune imwe yenzvimbo dzekupedzisira dzemhandara paNyika.
Makomo makuru eKamchatka: Mutnovsky, Gorely uye Ksudach
Rimwe nerimwe rinoputika muKamchatka rinopa maitiro akasiyana, zvose nekuda kwenhoroondo yaro yekuputika uye nharaunda yakapoteredza. Kumaodzanyemba kwepeninsula kunomira kunze kwe Mutnovsky, nekunaka kwayo 2.323 metres yekukwira uye yakakurumbira nokuda kwayo chiitiko chinoenderera. Inofungidzirwa kuti ndeimwe yemakomo anoputika anoshamisa munzvimbo iyi, dzimba hombe hombe ine makoronga maviri anoyevedza, mhedzisiro yekuputika kwakawanda uye kudonha. Kukwira kumusangano wayo, uyo unopa maonero asingakanganwiki uye imwe yenzira dzinotyisa dzeAsia, dzinopfuura fumaroles, sulfur deposits, uye ice fields. Pamusoro pezvo, pamateru ayo pane nzvimbo yegeothermal inozivikanwa se Lesser Valley yeGeysers.
Padivi peMutnovsky pane Gorely, gomo rakaomarara re 1.829 mamita inoumbwa nehukuru hwema stratovolcanoes mashanu. Kukwira kumakoronga ayo makuru, ayo ane mwero akaoma, anotendera iwe kuyemura madziva e-turquoise-blue uye fumaroles inoputika pamwe nekukwira kwemakiromita manomwe. Kushanya kwakatenderedza makoronga ayo kunopa yakasarudzika panoramic maonero uye yakananga maonero eKamchatka yakakura mukati mesimba remukati.
Hapana zvishoma zvinoshamisa Ksudach, ine gomba rakafara, rinoonekwa kubva mundege dzeherikoputa, rinoratidza misiyano pakati pemadziva egomba nemakomo anoputika akangoerekana avapo, pamwe chete nokupisa kwevhu munzvimbo yakapoteredza.
Mupata weGeysers uye Uzon Caldera: zvinoshamisa zvegeothermal simba
Imwe yematombo akasarudzika emuKamchatka ndeye Mupata weGeysers, imwe yemakuru uye anoshanda zvikuru pasi rose. Uyu mupata, wakawanikwa makumi mashoma emakore apfuura muKronotsky Nature Reserve, dzimba dzinopfuura 20 geyser inogara ichishanda. Mamwe anoputika maminetsi mashoma ega ega, achitumira mirwi yemvura nechitsipa, nepo vamwe vachiita zvishoma kazhinji. Kuitika kwegeothermal kunogadzira chitarisiko chezvitubu zvinotubuka, zvikomo zvine mavara ane mavara, uye zvinomera zvakasvibirira zvinokura pakupisa kwepasi.
Chinhambwe chipfupi kubva, the Uzon boiler Inoratidza mvura iri kufashaira, madhaka anotubuka uye mhute yesarufa, ichigadzira mhepo ingangoita imwe nyika. Kushanyira nzvimbo idzi kazhinji kunoda kushanya kweherikoputa, nekuda kwekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kuomerwa kwekuwana, asi runako rwavo uye simba rehuropi zvinogadzira chero kuedza.
Madziva nenzizi dzakaumbwa nemoto: nyaya yeKuril Lake
El Kuril Lake Inomiririra mavezero akaita makomo eKamchatka. Yakagadzirwa nekuputika mamiriyoni emakore apfuura, inobata chimwe chezviratidzwa zvikuru zvechisiko muzhizha: kutama kwemamiriyoni esalmon mukati menyika kuti ibereke. Chiitiko ichi chinokwezva ruzhinji rwevanhu Brown mabheya zvenyika, izvo zvinotora mukana wehove dzakawanda kuti dzizvidye dzisati dzarara. Kuona mhuka idzi musango ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufarirwa.
Kutenderedza dhamu, kuvapo kwevanhu kune zvishoma, kuve nechokwadi chemhoteredzo yechokwadi uye nzvimbo dzisina kukanganisa. Kuwanda kunowanikwa kuburikidza nemauto zvikopokopo zvakagadzirirwa kushanya, sezvo pasina migwagwa yakananga. Inzvimbo yakanakira vanotora mifananidzo uye vanotarisa mhuka dzesango vanoda kutora mifananidzo yemapere ekuredza kana makondo egungwa eSteller, rudzi rwegondo rakakura kwazvo pasi rose.
Humwe hupfumi hwakasikwa: mazaya echando, zvitubu zvinopisa uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana
Mhiri kwemakomo anoputika, Kamchatka ine anenge 14.000 nzizi y Masvingo e100.000, kuwedzera kune 274 matsime anopisa, mazhinji acho ari kupisa gore rose. Mazaya echando 414 anotambanuka mumakomo ayo anogadzira nzvimbo dzinosiyana kubva munzvimbo dzechando kusvika kumadziva anopisa echisikigo pakati pezvinomera zvakasvibirira.
Kudyidzana pakati pemakomo anoputika, nzizi nemapako kwakagadzira kusvika 20 nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze, kuchinja maruva nemhuka, zvakadai senzvimbo dzine uswa dzinosvika mamita matatu nehafu kureba, dzinodyiswa nevhu rakaorera rinoputika. Zvisikwa izvi zvinosanganisira mhuka dzakaita semapere, makondo, elk, mhumhi, reindeer, zvisimbiso, uye ma dolphin, pamwe nehuwandu hwakakosha hweshiri dzegungwa uye mhuka dzemumvura dzinobva kuchamhembe kwehemisphere.
Tsika dzemunharaunda uye ethnography: vanhu veko veKamchatka
MuKamchatka, ruzhinji rwevagari vemo vanogara Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, kunyange zvazvo misha yakawanda yakapararira ichichengeta tsika dzayo dziri mhenyu. Mapoka echivanhu akaita se itelmenos, Evencos, Koryaks, Chukchis y Aleuts pfumisa tsika dzeko. VaItelmen, vagari vekare zvikurusa, vakachengeta mutauro wavo netsika, zvakavakirwa pakuvhima, kuredza salmon, uye kuunganidza, nechiverengero chavagari vapasi chisingapfuuri vanhu 1.450 XNUMX panguva ino.
Nzira yavo yehupenyu inoramba yakanyatsobatanidzwa kune zvakasikwa, vachishandisa imbwa sleds munguva yechando. Ethnographic museums, senge iri kuMilkovo, inotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti tsika nemagariro zvinopindirana sei munzvimbo iri kure, uko Rwizi rweKamchatka rwave chinhu chikuru mukupona uye kufamba kubva kare.
Zviitiko zvemufambo uye kushanya kwakarongeka
Kamchatka inzvimbo yakanaka kune avo vari kutsvaga ushingi. Unogona kutora nzira dze kufamba netsoka pakati pemakomo anoputika, rafting descents pamwe chete Kamchatka River uye nzendo dzeku Avacha Bay, ine mukurumbira nekuda kwekukura kwayo uye nekusatonhora kwechando munguva yechando. Kuti uwane zvimwe zviitiko, scenic helicopters ndege dzinopa maonero emakoronga, mipata, uye zvitubu zvinopisa, kunyange kumira kuti zvinyure mumadziva anopisa akakomberedzwa nehupenyu hwakanaka.
Zvakakosha kudzidzira tourism anoremekedzwa uye akasimba, sezvo chikamu chikuru chenharaunda yacho chakadzivirirwa munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka. Zviitiko zvakawanda zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza maruva nemhuka, kusanganisira kushanya kunharaunda dzenzvimbo uko tsika dzenharaunda uye chokwadi chinogona kunzwisiswa zviri nani.
Mamiriro ekunze uye nguva dzakanakisa dzekutsvaga Kamchatka
Mamiriro ekunze muKamchatka anosiyana kubva ku tundra kuenda kunzvimbo dzinodziya. Muna Chikunguru naNyamavhuvhu, mamiriro ezvinhu akanakira kuongorora makomo anoputika netsoka uye kuawana nemotokari dzakagadzirirwa. Zvisinei, kushanduka kamwe kamwe mumamiriro okunze kunowanzoitika, kunyange muzhizha, nechando munzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Zvinokurudzirwa kuunza zvipfeko zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvipfeko zvinodziya uye zvisingapindi mvura. Mumatsutso, mvura inonaya zvikuru, uye munguva yechando, sinou inofukidza nzvimbo zhinji, ichishandura nzvimbo yacho kuita mamiriro erunako runoshamisa, rwakakwana kuita zvinhu zvakaita sekutsvedza kana kurovera chando.
Iyi kona yepasi, yakavanzwa kwemakumi emakore, inoramba iri nzvimbo yemusango umo zvisikwa zvinotonga zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo dzayo dzakasiyana-siyana, maruva nemhuka dzakapfuma, uye kuremekedza tsika dzechivanhu kunoita kuti Kamchatka ive nzvimbo inofanirwa kuona. Pfungwa yekuwanikwa uye kushamisika inoperekedza avo vanoongorora nzvimbo dzayo, ichisiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki kune wese mushanyi anoongorora mashura ayo ehupenyu.