Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyika dzinoverengeka dzakaona maguta adzo achifema mweya wakasviba. Barcelona kana Madrid angori mamwe acho, asi nyaya ye China zvinonyanya kutyisa. Maererano ne World Hutano Sangano (WHO), vanhu vanenge 100 000 vanofa gore negore 1,6 mamiriyoni evanhu nekuda kwezvikonzero zvine chekuita nekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Mamiriro ezvinhu muChina ari kuramba achinetsa, kunyanya mumaguta makuru akaita seBeijing neShanghai, uko hunhu hwemhepo hunokanganiswa kwete chete nekubuda kwemaindasitiri asiwo nezviitiko zvechisikigo zvakaita sedutu reguruva, izvo zvinokanganisa hutano hweveruzhinji. Kuti unzwisise kuipa kwemamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvakakosha kufunga nezve Mhedzisiro yeguruva reGobi Desert pamhando yemhepo muChina.
Sezvineiwo, kunaka kwemhepo murutivi urwu rwenyika kunosarudzwa zvikuru neguruva. Gobi Desert. Chikwata chevaongorori kubva ku Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and of the Scripps Institution yeOceanography PaYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, San Diego, zvakaratidzwa kuti kuwanda kweguruva kubva kuGobi Desert kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwemhepo kumabvazuva kweChina. Izvi zvinokonzerwa neguruva reGobi Desert pahutano hwemhepo yave iri nyaya yezvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura, izvo zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekunzwisisa zviitiko zvakadai seizvi kuitira kugadzirisa kusvibiswa uye kunzwisisa zviri nani mhedzisiro yemadutu eguruva.
For the kudzidza, iyo yakabudiswa mumagazini yacho muzvarirwo, masayendisiti akabatanidza nhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare uye mienzaniso yemakombiyuta. Pakuongorora mhedzisiro, zvakaonekwa kuti iyo kuderedzwa kweguruva rechisikigo iyo inotakurwa kubva kuGobi Desert pakati nekuchamhembe kweChina inokonzera kuwedzera kweutsi kumabvazuva kweChina. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinotyisa, sezvo zvichiratidza kuti huruva, yagara ichinzi inosvibisa, inogona kunge iri kuita basa rakakosha mukudzora kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Saka, inova chinhu chakakosha chekudzidza, sezvakataurwa mukutsvaga green infrastructure uye maitiro avo akanaka.
Hupfu hwemugwenga hunobatsira kubvisa chiedza chezuva. Kana kuine zvidimbu zvishoma mumhepo, sezvave zvichinyorwa mumakore achangopfuura, pasi panodziya kupfuura nguva dzose uye mvura inotonhora, zvichideredza kusiyana kwetembiricha pakati pegungwa nenyika. Izvi zvinobva zvaita kuti mhepo ivhuvhute zvishoma, zvichiita kuti mhepo isamire, zvichiwedzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Sezviri pachena, chiitiko ichi, kunyangwe chinomiririra kuderedzwa kwe Makiromita 0,16 paawa Mukumhanya kwemhepo, ine mhedzisiro yakakura pamamiriro ekunze uye, nekudaro, pamhando yemhepo kumabvazuva kweChina, uko shanduko dzakakosha dzakanyorwa. Hukama pakati pemhando yemhepo uye mamiriro ekunze inzvimbo inoda kumwe kutsvagisa, sezvakakurukurwa mu kudzidza pane aerosols uye mamiriro ekunze epasi rose.
MuBeijing, semuenzaniso, kurwisa kusvibiswa kunogara kuchiitwa mumakore achangopfuura, paine marongero akasiyana akashandiswa kuyedza kurerutsa kuoma kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Zvisinei, kurwa kunenge kuri kure. Chidzidzo ichi chakakosha kwete kuChina chete, asi kune nyika dzese dzakakanganiswa nekusvibiswa kweanthropogenic, sezvo zvichiratidza kuti zvinhu zvese zviri mu ecosystem zvakabatana neimwe nzira. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuenderera mberi nekutsvagisa pasirese uye zvakatipoteredza pamwero wepasi rose, pamwe nezvinokonzeresa hutano hwehuwandu.
El smog razova chinetso chakakomba chemhoteredzo icho hurumende dzinofanira kurangarira zvakakomba. Migumisiro yekusvibiswa kwemhepo inoshandura kuva matambudziko makuru ehutano hweveruzhinji, anokanganisa mararamiro evagari. Dzimwe nguva, mamiriro acho ezvinhu anosvika padanho rakakosha zvekuti zviremera zvinofanirwa kukurudzira kuti vanhu vagare mudzimba, kunyanya avo vane hutano hwakagara huripo, chokwadi chine chekuita nekuwedzera kweutsi mumaguta makuru, sezvinoonekwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine matambudziko ehutano hwemhepo.
Pamusoro pezvinetso zvoutano zvakananga izvo kusvibiswa kunokonzera, pane kukanganisa kukuru kwehupfumi. Semuyenzaniso, dutu guru Hadzingosvibisa mhepo chete, asi dzinokanganisawo zvekurima, hutano hweveruzhinji, uye hupfumi hwenzvimbo yese. Zvinorehwa pakati pehutano hweveruzhinji nemhando yemhepo zviri pachena, uye zvakakosha kuti matanho anoshanda aitwe kugadzirisa dambudziko iri zvizere. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwekuti mamiriro aya anogona kuitika sei, unogona kubvunza kuti sei dzimwe nyika vari kubata nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nemhedzisiro yacho, zvichipihwa hukama pakati pekusvibiswa uye hutano.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaitwa zvichiratidza kuti dutu remhepo riri kuwedzera kuwanda. Pazasi pane mamwe akakosha echokwadi nezve guruva chiitiko uye kukanganisa kwaro pahutano uye nharaunda:
- Dutu reguruva muChina rinokanganisa zvinopfuura 560 mamiriyoni evanhu
- Kufumurwa kune yakanaka chidimbu chinhu (PM2.5) inofungidzirwa kuve yakabatana kune zvinopfuura 2.89 miriyoni kufa nguva isati yakwana pagore pasi rose
- El 22% yeidzi nzufu dzenguva isati yakwana dzine chokuita nokusangana neguruva rinofambiswa nemhepo
Kurwisa kuwedzera kwegwenga uye kuderedza mhedzisiro yakaipa yemadutu eguruva pamhando yemhepo, zviremera zveChinese zvakashandisa chirongwa ichi chinonzi Great Green Wall. Ichi chishuwo chirongwa chekudyara masango chinoda kutanga masango ari kumucheto kweTaklimakan neGobi Desert. Kubva pakutanga kwayo 1978, yakawanda kupfuura yakasimwa 66 bhiriyoni miti, nechinangwa chokusvika 100 bhiriyoni ne2050. Kunyange zvazvo kuedza uku kwakaratidza migumisiro yakanaka, miti miduku mizhinji inofa isati yasvika pakukura, uye pane kutyira pamusoro pekushanda kwenguva refu kweprojekti. Nekudaro, kurwira kuvandudza mhando yemhepo kunoenderera, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuenderera mberi nekutsvaga kuvandudzwa kwemiti muChina.
Zvichakadaro, data kubva kuChina yemhando yemhepo yekutarisa inoratidza kuti nzvimbo dzakaita sekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina dziri kusangana kuwedzera kwemadutu eguruva. Semuyenzaniso, iyo MODIS sensor paNASA's Aqua satellite yakabata gobvu huruva dhiyabhorosi inokanganisa matunhu eChinese eHarbin, Changchun, neShenyang. Munguva yezviitiko izvi, guruva zvidimbu uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvakawedzera huwandu hwevanhu vanofa uye chirwere chemoyo uye chekufema, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekupindira.
El kuderera kwehutano hwemhepo nekuda kweguruva uye zvimwe zvakasvibiswa zvakabatanidzwawo nekubuda uye kupararira kwezvimwe zvirwere, zvichiwedzera imwe nhanho yekunetseka mumamiriro ehutano hwevanhu. Kurwisana nekusvibiswa kwemhepo kunoda kwete chete kuedza kwehurumende asiwo kushingaira kwevagari vemo, pamwe nekuwedzera kuziva pamusoro pemigumisiro yakaipa yekusvibiswa kwehutano. Mupfungwa iyi, the mhepo inogona kuita basa rakakosha mukupararira kweguruva zvidimbu uye maitiro avo pamhando yemhepo.
Vatsvaguri vanoramba vachiongorora kuti guruva rinodyidzana sei neaerosols akagadzirwa nevanhu uye kuti ruzivo urwu rungashandiswa sei kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwekusvibiswa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufadza chave pachena ndechekuti kusavapo kweguruva kunogona kuita mweya watinofema, zvinoshamisa. kuipa kune hutano hwako. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuwanda kwezvinosvibisa mweya zvinogona kuwedzera mukushaikwa kweguruva, zvichikonzera mweya une muchetura. Kuwana uku kunoratidza kukosha kwekudzidza kudyidzana kwezvinhu zvakasiyana, sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye guruva, pamhando yemhepo uye hukama hwayo nehutano hweveruzhinji.
Sezvo nyika iri kuramba ichitarisana nekuwedzera kwematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza, zvakakosha kugadzirisa hutano hwemhepo kubva pane zvese zvinogoneka. Kutungamirirwa kwakasimba kwemvura uye zviwanikwa zvevhu, pamwe nekugadzirisa zvakare masango, zvakakosha pakudzivirira kwenguva refu migumisiro yekusvibiswa kwemhepo pahutano hwevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza. Mukutsvaga mhinduro, kunzwisisa kuti guruva, mhepo, uye kuburitsa kwevanhu zvinopindirana sei inova nzvimbo yakaoma yetsvagiridzo, sezvakakurukurwa mune akati wandei ane hukama zvidzidzo.
Ken D. Allen, mutsvakurudzi pa Center for Atmospheric Sayenzi, anocherechedza kuti zvidzidzo izvi zvinopa kunzwisisa zviri nani kwemaitiro echisikigo anokanganisa hutano hwemhepo uye, pakupedzisira, kuti kupindira kwevanhu kunogona kukanganisa sei maitiro iwayo. Sezvo isu tichipinda mune ramangwana, kubatana kwepasirese nekushandira pamwe nekutsvagisa kuchave kwakakosha kukunda matambudziko aya nekuchengetedza ese ecosystem uye hutano hwevanhu pasirese. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve rudzi urwu rwekudyidzana uye nemhedzisiro yarwo, unogona kubvunza zvidzidzo pamusoro Mazaya echando eChina uye hukama hwayo nemamiriro ekunze, ayo ane chekuitawo nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Zviremera zvinotarisirwa kuenderera mberi nekuita matanho anoshanda kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwemadutu eguruva uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Nekufamba kwenguva, kuedza kwakabatana kugadzirisa matambudziko aya kunogona kutungamirira kukuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwemamiriyoni evanhu vakakanganiswa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo muChina nepasi rose.
