Simba reMagineti rePasi ndechimwe chezviitiko zvechisikigo izvo, kunyangwe kazhinji zvisingatarisirwi muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, zvave zvakakosha mukushanduka kwepasi redu uye kubudiriro yesainzi uye tekinoroji kubva kare kusvika nhasi. Nhasi, kudzidza kwavo uye kuyerwa, pamwe nekunzwisiswa kwezvivakwa zvavo uye mashandisirwo munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, zvinoumba hwaro hwakakosha hwemapazi akadai segeophysics, indasitiri, mushonga, uye mainjiniya.
Vazhinji vedu tinoshamisika kuti inoyerwa sei, hukuru hupi hunoitsanangura, ndezvipi zviridzwa zvinoshandiswa (zvakadai segaussmeter), uye nei zvakakosha muhupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ano. Muchinyorwa chino, tichanyatsoputsa uye zvine hungwaru kuputsa hunhu, hunhu, uye nzira dzekuyera nePasi remagineti, tichiongorora pfungwa dzinozivikanwa dzakaita seTesla naGauss, pamwe nenhoroondo uye pfungwa yekushanduka-shanduka kweiyi munda wenyama, zvarinoreva tekinoroji, uye basa revasainzi vakaita saGauss, Faraday, Ampèère magnetism, uye magineti kunzwisisa. Pachave pasina kushomeka kwetsananguro nezve magineti zvinhu, zvekuyeresa michina, mayuniti ekuyera, hunyanzvi hwekushandisa, uye kufambira mberi kwazvino. Gadzirira kushanya kwakadzama uye kusvikika kwenyika inonakidza yeMagineti yePasi uye kuyerwa kwayo, inotungamirwa nesainzi uye tekinoroji.
Chii chinonzi magnetic field? Nzira yepanyama
El magnetic field Ihwo hukuru hwemuviri hwemhando yevector. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inotsanangurwa nemodule (kusimba), gwara uye pfungwa. Iyo magineti inogona kugadzirwa nekufambisa machaji emagetsi (semuenzaniso, magetsi emagetsi muwaya), nemagineti, kana kunyange ne subbatomic particles. Mukutaura kwemasvomhu, iyo magnetic field inowanzomiririrwa netsamba B.
Kusimba kwesimba remagineti kunoyerwa muInternational System of Units (SI) uchishandisa tesla (T), nepo mu cgs system panoshandiswa gauss (G). Kukupa pfungwa, imwe tesla yakaenzana ne10.000 gauss, zvinoreva kuti tesla inhengo yakakura zvikuru; Gauss inonyanya kushanda pakushandiswa kwemazuva ese kana kutsanangura magineti minda isina kunyanya kusimba, senge yePasi. Semuyenzaniso, Magineti ePasi pagungwa anosvika 0,5 gauss.
Tesla inotsanangurwa sei?
Un tesla Ndiyo magnetic field inoshandisa simba re 1 newton (N) pamhosva ye 1 coulomb (C) inofamba pakukurumidza kwemamita 1 pasekondi (m / s) perpendicular kumunda. Masvomhu, ukuru hweB mukutaura kwesimba reLorentz: F = q · (v × B), uko simba rinoshandiswa rinoenderana nechaji, kukurumidza kwayo uye kona nekuremekedza kumunda.
Uye gauss?
El gaussian Ndiyo cg/g unit yekuyera magineti flux density kana magineti kusimba. Kunyangwe isiri yeSI, ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mufizikisi, engineering, geophysics, uye tekinoroji dzidziso. 1 Tesla = 10.000 gauss. Kana iwe ukashanda mumarabhoritari, indasitiri, kana dzidzo, iwe uchasangana ese ari maviri mayuniti zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Nhoroondo uye shanduko yekudzidza kwemagnetism
Magnetism yave ichizivikanwa uye ichishandiswa nevanhu kubva panguva dzekare. Magnetite, chicherwa chinokwanisa kukwezva simbi, chakanga chatopiwa zita nemaChinese nemaGiriki zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura. Kambasi, yaishandiswa pakufamba mugungwa, yakaonekwa kuChina makore ekuma1100 uye yakashandura nzira dzekutarisa pasi rose.
Kusvetuka kukuru kwesainzi kunouya nazvo William Gilbert muna 1600, uyo mubasa rake "De Magnete" akaronga kuti Nyika pachayo ihombe yakakomberedzwa magineti. Haana kungoona maitiro ekambasi chete, asi akakurudzirawo kuti magineti akatenderedza pasi anobva mukati mePasi pachayo.
Gare gare, sainzi yemagnetism yakaenderera mberi nekutenda kune zvakawanikwa uye kutsvagisa nemasayendisiti akadai Hans Christian Ørsted (akawana hukama pakati pemagetsi nemagnetism muna 1820), André-Marie Ampère (akagadzira mutemo une zita rake pakubatana kwemagetsi emagetsi), Michael Faraday (yakagadziridzwa electromagnetic induction) uye Carl Friedrich Gauss (Nyanzvi wekuGermany wemasvomhu uye wefizikisi uyo, pamwe chete naWilhelm Weber, vakabatsira pakugadzirwa kwemazuva ano kwemagnetism uye kuyerwa kwemunda wePasi).
Uye 1838, Gauss anoburitsa yake "General Theory of Magnetism", zvichiratidza kuti mavambo makuru ePasi remagineti ari mukati mepasi, pfungwa yakakosha yemazuva ano geophysics inozadzisa zvazvino. dynamo theory (inotsanangura kugadzirwa kwemunda nekufamba kwesimbi dzakanyungudutswa mukatikati meNyika).
Magineti ePasi: mavambo uye kusiyanisa
Nyika inoita segigantic magineti, nemagineti mapango anoenderana nawo. Kunyange zvazvo kwemazana emakore zvaifungidzirwa kuti mavambo ayo akanga ari mumakwati, nhasi tinoziva kuti Simba reMagineti rePasi rinogadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi anobva mukufamba kwemasimbi emvura nemaion mukatikati mepasi. (pakadzika pakati pe2.900 ne5.100 km pazasi pevhu). Uyu ndiye anozivikanwa dynamo theory.
Magineti ePasi anoyerwa sei?
Sezvo magnetic field iri a Vector magnitude, inoratidzirwa nezvikamu zvitatu: module (kusimba), kutungamira uye pfungwa. Iyo zvakare inowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zveCartesian: X (kuchamhembe-maodzanyemba chikamu), Y (kumabvazuva-kumadokero) uye Z (yakatwasuka). Kuumbwa kwe X uye Y kunopa iyo chikamu chakachinjika (H). Mukuwedzera, makona maviri makuru anoyerwa:
- Kuramba (D): kona pakati pemagineti kumusoro uye geographic kuchamhembe.
- Tilt (I): kona yakaumbwa neyakachinjika chikamu maererano neiyo Z axis (yakatwasuka).
Iyo yakazara module yemunda (inonziwo F) zvinokonzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zvitatu. Kazhinji inoratidzirwa mukati Tesla kana, kuve zvakanyanya kudzoreka submultiples, mukati nanoteslas (nT): 1 nT = 10-9 T. Kuti ndikupe chinongedzo, simba remagineti riri paEquator yePasi rinosvika 30.000 nT uye pamapango rinosvika 60.000 nT, riine mativi akachinjika kuequator uye anenge akatwasuka pamatanda.
Musiyano wenguva uye wenzvimbo
Magineti ePasi pano haana kumira. Inogona kuchinja zvose musimba uye nzira pamusoro pemakore (kusiyana kwenyika). Mukuwedzera, kune diurnal kusiyana kunokonzerwa nemwaranzi yezuva, uye zviitiko zvakadai se magineti dutu (zvinokonzerwa nekubatana kwemhepo yezuva neMagineti yePasi) iyo inogona kuchinja zvakanyanya munda, kunyanya pakakwirira.
Iwo magineti mapango haaenderane chaizvo neiyo geographic pole uye inochinja nekufamba kwenguva.. Nechikonzero ichi, kuderera kwemagineti kunofanirwa kuverengerwa mukufambisa uye pakugadzira machati emugungwa, kuitira kugadzirisa misoro yekambasi.
Kukosha kwenhoroondo uye kunoshanda
Kubva kare-kare, ruzivo rweMagineti ePasi rwave rwakakosha pakufambisa. Kare vafambisi vezvikepe vaizvitungamirira vachishandisa nyeredzi, asi vaingozviita usiku uye kana mamiriro okunze aibvumira. Iyo magnetic kambasi Yakabvumira kutaridzika mukati mezuva uye pasi pemamiriro ekunze chero ekunze, kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwekufamba, chero bedzi yakagadziridzwa magineti declination machati aripo.
Zviyero zvekuyera zvemagineti: kubva kuTesla kuenda kuGauss
Kuyerwa kwemagineti kunoshandisa akasiyana enhoroondo uye emazuva ano zvikamu. Parizvino, anonyanya kukosha ndeaya:
- Tesla (T): International System unit yemagnetic flux density (B).
- Gauss (G): cgs unit yekuyerawo magineti flux density; 1 tesla = 10.000 gauss.
- Oersted (Oe): cgs unit yekuyera simba remagineti (H), ine hukama asi isina kuenzana neB.
- Weber (Wb): SI unit yekuyera iyo yakazara magineti flux (φ), zvichibva pakuwanza magineti flux density (B) nenzvimbo yakayambuka nemitsetse yemunda.
- Maxwell (Mx): cgs unit yemagnetic flux, ine reshiyo 1 Wb = 108 Mx.
Kushandisa zvikamu zvakasiyana dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuvhiringa, kunyanya kana uchishandura hunhu pakati pehurongwa. Tinofanira kugara tichiyeuka izvozvo 1 tesla yakaenzana ne10.000 gauss uye kuti 1 ampere pamamita (SI unit yeH) yakaenzana ne4π × 10-3 yakabatanidzwa mucegesimal system.
Magnetic zvinhu uye magnetic field response
Kana iyo yekunze magineti ichishanda pane chinhu kana chinhu, mhinduro inoenderana neatomu yayo uye mukati magineti maitiro. Saka, zvinhu zvakakamurwa kuva:
- Diamagnetic: Inopikisa kupikisa kumunda wekunze, magnetizing mune yakatarisana. Vanodzingwa nemagnetic field. Mienzaniso: mvura, bismuth, goridhe, sirivha, magasi akanaka.
- Paramagnetic: Vanokwezvwa nemagnetic field uye vanove magineti munzira imwe chete. Pasina munda wekunze, havarambe vaine magnetized. Mienzaniso: aluminium, platinum, oxygen.
- Ferromagnetic: Vanogona kungoerekana vaita magineti uye kuchengetedza magineti kunyangwe pasina munda wekunze. Ndivo hwaro hwemagineti asingaperi. Mienzaniso: simbi, nickel, cobalt, gadolinium, mamwe alloys.
La magnetic permeability inoyera kugona kwechinhu kuitisa magineti flux mitsetse. MuSI, mutsauko unoitwa pakati mhedziso permeability (muH/m) uye hama permeability (reshiyo maererano neiyo yevacuum, iyo kukosha kwayo i4π·10-7 H/m). Diamagnetics ine permeability zvishoma pane imwe, paramagnetics yakakwira zvishoma, uye ferromagnetic iyo yakakwira zvakanyanya uye isiri-mutsara.
Chinhu chinocherechedzwa ndeche magnetic hysteresis Mune ferromagnetic zvinhu: kana magineti chete, vanogona kuchengetedza munda kunyangwe munda wekunze ukanyangarika, uye ivo vanoda munda uri mhiri kuti vadzikise magineti.
Magnetic munda kuyerwa: gaussmeter uye zvimwe zvishandiso
Zviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa kuyera kusimba uye kutaridzika kwemagineti minda, murabhoritari uye mumaindasitiri kana geophysical application. Inonyanya kupararira ndeye gaussmeter.
Chii chinonzi gaussmeter?
El gaussmeter Icho chiridzwa chemagetsi chakagadzirirwa kuyera magineti flux density, inoratidzwa mu gauss kana tesla, uye dzimwe nguva ine submultiples senge microtesla. Inobvumira kuongorora zvese kusimba (modulus) uye kutungamira kwemunda, uye inokwanisa kuona static magineti minda (anogara magineti, Epasi magineti) kana simba (magetsi emagetsi, alternating minda).
Mhando dzegaussmeters zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekushandisa
- Hall effect sensors: Kubva pane horo maitiro (chizvarwa cheperpendicular voltage mune conductive material nekuita kwemagnetic field). Iwo akarurama uye akakodzera kune akawanda maapplication, ese ari murabhoritari uye muindasitiri.
- Magnetoresistive sensors: Ivo vanotora mukana wekusiyana kwekupikiswa kwemagetsi kwezvimwe zvinhu pasi pesimba remagineti. Iwo ane compact, anoshanda uye anoshandiswa kuona yakaderera kana kuchinjika minda.
- Induction coils: Vanoona mutsauko mundima yemagineti kuburikidza nemagetsi induction (mutemo waFaraday), unonyanya kubatsira pakuchinjanisa minda.
Sarudzo yerudzi rwegaussmeter ichaenderana nekushandiswa, kuyerwa kwehuwandu, uye chimiro cheiyo magineti.
Zvikamu zvemazuva ano gaussmeter
- vachiongorora: Ndiyo chikamu chinonzwisiswa chechishandiso, panowanikwa sensor. Kune maprobes akati sandarara (kuyera ndima yakachinjika) uye cylindrical kana axial probes (yemunda wakafanana, senge mukati me solenoids).
- Processor: Inodudzira chiratidzo che sensor uye inoita maverengero anodiwa.
- Screen: Inoratidza yakaonekwa magineti emunda kukosha munguva chaiyo.
Mazhinji gaussmeters anosanganisira kuchengetedza data, kurekodha kwepamusoro / kushoma, uye kugona kuendesa mhinduro kumakomputa kana geographic information system (GIS) yekuongorora kwepamusoro.
Unoshandisa sei gaussmeter?
- Calibration uye kugadzirira: Izvo zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti mudziyo wakagadziriswa (kutevera nhungamiro yemugadziri) uye wakagadzirirwa nechiyero chakakodzera chendima inotarisirwa.
- probe kuiswa+ Maonero anoenderana nerudzi rwemunda (transverse kana axial).
- Kuverenga uye kurekodha: Kana iyo probe yaiswa, mirira kuti kuverenga kugadzikane uye kunyora mhedzisiro. Mumidziyo yepamusoro, kuverenga kwakawanda kunogona kuchengetwa kuenzanisa kana kuongororwa kwemaitiro enguva.
La gaussmeter kururama Izvo zvinoenderana nemhando ye sensor, iyo calibration, probe inoshandiswa uye kusavapo kwekukanganisa. Magadzirirwo emhando yepamusoro anogona kusvika 0,1% -2% yehupamhi hweyero renji. Zvinhu zvakadai sekushisa uye kuvapo kwekunze kwemagineti kunogona kukanganisa kurongeka, saka zvinokurudzirwa kudzokorora zviyero uye, kana zvichidiwa, dzokorora.
Ndeapi minda inogona kuyerwa negaussmeter?
Gaussmeters inogona kuyera zvese zvakanangana ikozvino (DC) uye alternating ikozvino (AC) magineti minda. Panyaya yekuchinjisa minda, chiridzwa chinowanzo ratidza hunobudirira (RMS) kukosha kwemunda. Mamwe mamodheru epamusoro anobvumira mutsauko kuti uitwe pakati pemhando mbiri idzi, iyo inonyanya kubatsira mune zveindasitiri kana zvesainzi zvikumbiro apo chimiro chemunda chinofarira.
También existen teslameters, midziyo yakaenzana asi inotaridza mibairo yakananga muteslas, yakanyatsokodzera kune yakanyanya kusimba magineti (seyakagadzirwa mumagineti resonance imaging kana mumidziyo yefizikisi marabhoritari).
Zvishandiso zvegaussmeter uye magineti chiyero chekuyera
Magnetic munda wekutarisa uye ongororo ine yakakura inoshanda mashandisiro muakasiyana minda, kubva pakutsvaga kwakakosha kusvika kuhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Indasitiri uye kugadzira
Magnetic quality control: Ita shuwa kuti magineti anogadzirwa anosangana nezvinodiwa uye kuti mota dzemagetsi nemajenareta anoshanda pasi pemamiriro akakwana.
Kuongororwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi: Ongororo yemotor, transformers, solenoids uye zvimwe zvikamu kudzivirira kutadza kana kuderera kushanda zvakanaka.
Kuonekwa kwezvinhu zvakavanzika zvesimbi kana kuchengetedza masisitimu: Inoshandiswa mukutonga kwekuwana, alarm masisitimu uye nzvimbo yeferromagnetic zvinhu.
Sainzi uye geophysical research
Kudzidza kwePasi reMagineti: Ongororo yekusiyana kwenzvimbo inobvumira kuferefetwa kwechimiro chemukati chepasi, kushanduka kwepakati pePasi, uye kudyidzana kwayo nemhepo yezuva.
Zvishandiso Fizikisi: Tsvagiridzo mune magineti ezvivakwa zvitsva uye makomisheni mufizikisi uye chemistry marabhoritari.
Geology uye kutariswa kwemigodhi: Inoshandiswa kuona misiyano mune magineti yakabatana nekuvapo kwemaminerari.
Mushonga uye hutano
Calibration yemidziyo yekurapa: Zvakadai semagineti resonance imaging (MRI) michina, uko kurongeka kwemagineti kwakakosha pakuchengetedzwa kwechifananidzo uye kunaka.
Zvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza: Ongororo yemagineti minda mudzimba, maindasitiri kana nharaunda dzemadhorobha kuti uongorore zvinogona kuitika muhutano.
Mazuva ese anoshanda maapplication
Kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi: Troubleshooting motors uye epamba kana maindasitiri emagetsi emagetsi.
Kuvaka uye kuisa macheki: Kuongororwa kwekutendeseka kwemagineti nhovo, electromagnetic dziviriro, nezvimwe.
Motokari, renewable simba uye zvemagetsi
ZveMotokari: Optimization yemagetsi emagetsi mumotokari dzakasanganiswa uye dzemagetsi, kuyedzwa kwemagineti sensors uye actuators.
Renewable simba: Kuyera kugona kwemaginereta majenareta mumhepo turbines uye zvinodzora mumagadzirirwo emagetsi emagetsi.
Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi: Kugadziriswa kwemagineti sensors munharembozha, mahwendefa, dijitari makamera uye mamwe magajeti.
Zvichangoburwa zvitsva uye maapplication ari kubuda
Kufambira mberi mukuvandudzwa kwe miniaturized sensors, midziyo inotakurika, uye otomatiki data acquisition system Ivo vakawedzera kushandiswa kwegaussmeter uye mashandisirwo ayo kuita minda mitsva: kubva ku robotics, artificial intelligence uye Internet yeZvinhu (IoT), kuenda kunzvimbo yekuongorora uye biomedicine.
Kushandura uye kuenzanisa zvikamu: kubva murabhoritari kusvika kuhupenyu hwezuva nezuva
Iko kushandiswa kwakasanganiswa kwe teslas uye gauss kwakajairika muhunyanzvi, dzidzo, uye zuva nezuva marongero. Heano mamwe akakosha akaenzana ekurangarira:
- 1 tesla (T) = 10.000 gauss (G)
- 1 gauss = 0,0001 tesla (T)
- 1 weber = 108 Maxwell (Mx)
Mune midziyo yekuyeresa yepamusoro, mhedzisiro inowanzoiswa mukati microtesla (μT) kana nanoteslas (nT), kunyanya mune geophysical uye zvakatipoteredza mashandisirwo. Saka, simba reMagineti rePasi rinowanzosvika pakati pe30.000 nT ne60.000 nT, zvichienderana nelatitude nemamwe mamiriro.
Iyo fizikisi yemagnetic field: flux density uye simba pane zvimedu
Kuongororwa kwemuviri kwemagnetic field kunobva pane magnetic flux density (B), iyo inotsanangura chiito chemunda pakufambisa magetsi emagetsi. Simba rinoitwa nemagnetic field pakuchaja rinoratidzwa ne Lorentz simba: F = q · (v × B), kupi q ndiwo mutoro, v speed uye B iyo magnetic flux density.
Zvichienderana nekona pakati pevelocity nemunda, simba rinogona kusiyanisa pakati pe zero (kana dzakafanana) nepamusoro (kana dziri perpendicular). Nhungamiro yesimba iri inosarudzwa nevanozivikanwa ruoko rworudyi kutonga.
Magnetic zvimiro uye maitiro ezvigadzirwa
Diamagnetism
Hunhu hwezvinhu zvinopikisa zvishoma kune ekunze remagineti, zvichigadzira munda wakamisikidzwa kune rumwe rutivi. Diamagnetism ndeyepasirese, asi inongo onekwa mumidziyo umo mamwe marudzi emagnetism (akadai seferromagnetism kana paramagnetism) asina kusimba kana kuti haapo. Mienzaniso yakakurumbira ndeye bismuth, mhangura, goridhe, sirivha, mvura uye magasi akanaka. Diamagnets anodzingwa kubva munzvimbo dzine simba remagineti uye chiitiko ichi ndicho hwaro hwe diamagnetic levitation.
Paramagnetism
Muzvinhu zveparamagnetic, maatomu kana mamorekuru ane nguva dzemagineti ega ega dzinoenderana nemunda wekunze, dzichikweverana kunzvimbo dzekusimba kukuru. Nekudaro, ivo havachengete yakakosha magnetization kana munda wakadzimwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira aruminiyamu, platinum, okisijeni, mamwe simbi okisijeni, uye mamwe makemikari.
Ferromagnetism
Ndiyo pfuma inobvumira zvimwe zvinhu (zvakadai sesimbi, nickel, cobalt kana gadolinium) kuti zvingoitika magineti uye kuchengetedza iyo mamiriro kana munda wanyangarika. Atomic yavo magineti nguva dzinoenderana neyoga. Ferromagnetism yakakosha mukugadzira magineti echigarire, transformer cores, uye magineti ndangariro. Apo iyo Curie tembiricha, ferromagnetic zvinhu zvinova paramagnetic, kurasikirwa nemagineti yavo yega.
Magnetic permeability
La permeability inotsanangura kureruka kunoita chinhu chinobvumira kupinda kwemitsara yemagineti. Mune superconductors, iyo permeability inenge zero, zvichiita kuti vadzinge zvachose magnetic field (Meissner effect).
Kuyera kunoshanda kwepasi reMagineti
Kuyera magineti ePasi, zvikamu zvaro uye kusiyanisa, kwakakosha mukuedza kwakawanda, zvidzidzo, uye hunyanzvi hwekushandisa. Imwe yezviyedzo zvakajairika ndeyekutsunga kweiyo horizontal chikamu yemunda wePasi (H) uchishandisa, semuenzaniso, mutemo weBiot-Savart uye mutemo weAmpère. Iyi mitemo inotibvumira kuverenga mupiro wemagetsi emagetsi kune chizvarwa chenzvimbo yemagineti.
Kuti uite zviyero izvi zvakakosha:
- Shandisa midziyo yakarongedzerwa (gaussmeters, Horo probes, chaiyo magnetometers).
- Teerera kune mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza (kusavapo kwenzvimbo dziri padyo dzekukanganisa kwemagetsi, kugadzikana kwekupisa).
- Tora nhevedzano yezviyero zvakadzokororwa kuti uwane avhareji kukosha uye kuderedza zvikanganiso nekuda kwekuchinja kwechinguvana.
Hukoshi hunowanikwa hunowanzo kuratidzwa mu teslas, gauss kana, kazhinji, mu nanoteslas. Mhedzisiro inobvumira kuongororwa kweiyo vectorial yemunda uye zvingangove nekusiyana kwenzvimbo nekuda kwe geological structures, solar activity, kana anthropogenic factors.
Tekinoroji nesainzi mashandisirwo emagnetism uye kuyerwa kwayo
Electronics uye midziyo yemumba
Nheyo yekuita kwemagnetic field ndiyo hwaro hwehuwandu hwakawanda hwemotor, majenareta emagetsi uye transformers iripo muhupenyu hwanhasi. Midziyo iyi inoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi (uye zvichipesana), uye inoshanda nekutenda kune magineti masimba anoshanda pakufambisa maconductor mukati memunda.
ari electromagnetic relays, semuenzaniso, gonesa otomatiki yedunhu switching mune akawanda maapplication, kubva kumabhero epagonhi kuenda kune makuru maindasitiri masisitimu, zvichienderana nemaitiro emagnetism uye induction.
Kukurukurirana uye kuchengetedza ruzivo
Magnetism ndiyo zvakare hwaro hwekushanda kwemagineti ndangariro (zvakaoma dhiraivha, matepi, makadhi), vatauri, mamaikorofoni ane simba uye akawanda masensa anoshandiswa mumidziyo yemagetsi uye otomatiki kudzora masisitimu.
Mumarabhoritari uye kuyedza kwesainzi, kurekodha nemagineti minda ine advanced gaussmeters kwakakosha mukugadzira matekinoroji matsva, kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva, uye kuwana maapplication matsva munguva yehungwaru hwekugadzira uye Internet yezvinhu.
Kuongorora nzvimbo, drones uye mota
Kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi emagetsi anoshanda uye asingaremi kwakagonesa kubuda kwemarobhoti, drones, uye mota dzinozvimiririra, zvese pasi uye muchadenga. Mazhinji eaya masisitimu anoshandisa high-precision magnetic sensors yekufambisa, kuisa uye kugadzirisa trajectory. Chizvarwa chinotevera kuendesa ma drones, space rovers, uye mota dzemagetsi zvese zvinoratidzira akawanda akavakirwa-mukati magineti field sensors.
Hutano uye kuchengetedzwa kwemwaranzi
Mumushonga, magineti resonance imaging inotsamira pakudzora chaiko kweiyo magineti kuti iwane yakavimbika uye yakachengeteka mifananidzo yekuongorora. Kudzora kwemhando, kuenzanisa uye kutarisa kweminda iyi kunoitwa uchishandisa yakakwirira-resolution gaussmeters.
Zvinetso mukuyera uye kutonga kweazvino magineti minda
Yakarurama magineti kuyerwa kunounza matambudziko ehunyanzvi uye esainzi, zvese mukuchengetedza kurongeka kwenguva refu uye mukuderedza zvikanganiso zvinokonzerwa nekukanganisa, shanduko mune sensor properties, kana kusiyanisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kwe Robust sensors, otomatiki calibration masisitimu uye isina waya tekinoroji inoumba imwe yeanonyanya kushandura maitiro muchikamu.
Uyezve, kuwedzera kwemagineti ekugadzira magineti anogadzirwa nehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano (tambo dzemagetsi, antennas, transformers, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi) zvakavhura mitsetse mitsva yekudzidza pane zvingangoitika pane zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu, pamwe nekudikanwa kwekumisikidza kwakakodzera mirau uye kudzora maitiro.
Ramangwana uye mafambiro mumagnetic field kuyerwa
Kubatanidzwa kwemagineti sensor masisitimu muindasitiri 4.0, iyo miniaturization yemidziyo inotakurika, kubuda kwemasisitimu ekurekodha uye kugadzirisa yakakura data (hombe data) uye digitalization yezviyero zvinotibvumira kufungidzira ramangwana ne smart magnetic sensors, inokwanisa kubatanidzwa mumachira, mota dzinozvimiririra, setiraiti nemidziyo yemunhu.
Muchidzidzo che geophysics, kutarisisa nguva chaiyo yendima yePasi, kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzinoongorora otomatiki, kusikwa kwemhando dzepasi rose dzemagineti akasiyana, uye kushandiswa kwehungwaru hwekugadzira kufanotaura madutu ezuva kana mafambiro eiyo geodynamic anomiririra tsvagiridzo nebudiriro yemuganhu wemagariro makuru nesainzi.
Iyo magnetic field inotitenderedza, inopesvedzera hupenyu uye tekinoroji, uye inoramba ichipa zvipingamupinyi nemikana yekuongorora kwesainzi, hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza, uye kudzivirira kwepasi redu kubva kunjodzi dzekunze nemukati. Kuyera kwayo chaiko, kunzwisiswa kwezvivakwa zvayo, uye kugona kuibata nekuwedzera maturusi ezvishandiso zvicharamba zvichiratidza kufambira mberi kwakakosha mumakumi emakore ari kuuya. Nhasi, kunzwisisa kuyera, kududzira, nekubatanidza kwakakosha nhasi sezvazvaive kune vafambisi vezvikepe vekuChina vezana ramakore rechi 19 kana nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzemuzana ramakore rechi 19: tinoenderera mberi nekufamba, asi ikozvino mumakungwa ehunyanzvi uye ruzivo.