Kweanopfuura makore mapfumbamwe, teresikopu yeKepler yemuchadenga yakaita basa rinokosha mukutsvaga mapuraneti ari kunze kwesolar system yedu., ichipa huwandu husina kumboitika hwe data iyo yakashandura manzwisisiro atinoita nezve cosmos. Basa rayo risinganeti uye zvinoshamisa zvayakawana zvaita kuti ive imwe yemapurojekiti emuchadenga akabudirira kwazvo munhoroondo yemazuva ano.
Kubva payakatangwa muna Kurume 2009, Kepler akaongorora matenga aine chinangwa chekutsvaga mapuraneti akafanana nePasi., kunyanya idzo dzinogona kuwanikwa mune dzinonzi 'nzvimbo inogarika' yevatambi vavo nyeredzi. Kunyange zvazvo yakatanga kugadzirirwa basa remakore matatu nehafu, yakakwanisa kuwedzera kusvika muna 2018, kupfuura zvaitarisirwa pakutanga.
Mavambo uye chimiro cheTeresikopu yeKepler
Iyo Kepler space teresikopu yakagadzirwa neNASA mukupindura makumi emakore ekufungidzira nezvekuvapo kwemaexoplanets.. Basa rayo rakaitwa kuti rigoneke nekuda kwekuedza kwakatungamirwa nesainzi Bill Borucki, uyo muma80s akaronga kushandiswa kwephotometry kuona mapuraneti vachishandisa nzira yekufambisa.
Ngarava yakanga ine urefu hwemamita 4,7 uye hupamhi hwemamita 2,7, huremu hunopfuura 1.000 0,95 kg. Yaiva neteresikopu yeSchmidt ine aperture inoita 95 metres uye hombe XNUMX-miriyoni-pixel CCD sensor, ine simba kupfuura mamwe akambotumirwa muchadenga.
Kepler yakaiswa muheliocentric orbit ine nguva yemazuva 372, yakada kufanana neyePasi, iyo yakafambisa kufambiswa kwedata kupasi redu pasina kukanganiswa kubva kumitumbi yedenga iri pedyo. Ichi chikamu chekugadzira orbital chinogona kuenderana chii chinonzi orbit.
Innovative methodology uye nzira yekucherechedza
Kiyi yekubudirira kwaKepler yaive mukukwanisa kwayo kuramba ichiongorora kupenya kwenyeredzi dzinopfuura 150.000. iri pakati pemapoka enyeredzi eCygnus neLyra. Kuita uku kwakabvumira kuonekwa kwekuchinja kudiki kwechiedza kunokonzerwa nekufamba kwemapuraneti pamberi penyeredzi dzawo, chiitiko chinozivikanwa sekufamba.
Yakakwanisa kuona kusiyana kwakajeka sezvikamu makumi maviri pamiriyoni mukupenya kwenyeredzi.. Iyi nhanho yehutsanana yaikwana kuona mapuraneti akakura sePasi kana mafambiro matatu enguva dzose akaitika panguva yekuona nyeredzi. Nzira dzakashandiswa dzaive dzakakosha mumamiriro ekutarisa exoplanet.
Chikwata chemishoni chakashandisa software yekuongorora zvine simba uye chakaita mishandirapamwe yekutarisa inoenderera. Ground-based telescopes uye satellite akadai saHubble neSpitzer akabatsira kusimbisa izvo zvinogutsa zvakawanikwa.
Kuwanikwa kwakakosha uye kuongororwa kweexoplanets
Kwehupenyu hwake hwese, Kepler akaziva vanopfuura zviuru zvina nemazana matanhatu exoplanet, avo vanopfuura zviuru zviviri nemazana matatu vakasimbiswa.. Pakati peizvi, izvo zvine hunhu hwakafanana nePasi zvinomira pachena, zvese muhukuru uye nenzvimbo munzvimbo dzinogarwa. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano ekutsvaga hupenyu hwekunze kwepasi.
Kubudirira kukuru kwekutanga kwakauya muna 2010 nekuonekwa kwemapuraneti mashanu matsva, mana acho aive 'hot Jupiters' uye imwe saizi yeNeptune. Kubva ipapo, rondedzero yezvakawanikwa yakakura zvakanyanya.
Muna 2011, kuwanikwa kweKepler-22b kwakaziviswa, iyo yekutanga nyika yakasimbiswa kuti iri munzvimbo inogarwa yenyeredzi yayo.. Makore maviri gare gare, muna 2014, Kepler-186f akabatana sepasi rekutanga hukuru hwePasi munzvimbo inogoneka hupenyu. Kuwanikwa uku kwakavhura mikana mitsva yekunzwisisa hurongwa hwemapuraneti.
Chimwe chiitiko chakakosha chaive kuwanikwa kweKepler-452b muna 2015, pasi rakakura sePasi rinotenderera nyeredzi yakaita seZuva 1.400 light-years kure. Aya marudzi ezvakawanwa akakurudzira kuferefeta kwakawanda pamusoro pekugona kwehupenyu hwekunze kwepasi.
Mukati mebasa rayo rakareba, Kepler akachinja matangiro aakaita ndokutanga kutarisa matunhu emhepo yezuva.. Semhedzisiro, yakatanga kuona zvinhu zvidiki zvakaita seasteroids neTrojans iri pakati peMars neJupiter, zvichibatsira muzvidzidzo zvemitumbi midiki muzuva.
Chikwata chesainzi cheHungary kubva kuKonkoly neGothard Observatories Akatora mukana uyu kuti adzidze mapeji emwenje emitumbi iyi, achiona mapatani anoratidza kutenderera kunononoka uye zvimiro zveporous, izvo zvinonongedza kwazvakabva kumatunhu ekunze kwesolar system.
Kuchinja kwekutarisa uku kwakabvumira maTrojan asteroids kuti adzidzwe pachishandiswa matekiniki asati amboshandiswa, kuvhura mutsara mutsva webasa reteresikopu uye kubatsira kusayenzi yepuraneti.
Kepler-107 uye kukosha kwekupokana kwe cosmic
Kupfuura kutsvaga hupenyu, Iyo Kepler-107 system yakakwezva kutarisa nekuda kwechiitiko chinoshamisa. Mapuraneti ayo maviri ari pedyo, Kepler-107b neKepler-107c, akawanikwa aine hukuru hwakafanana asi hwakasiyana zvakanyanya mukuwanda.
Kepler-107c yakave yakapetwa katatu kupfuura muvakidzani wayo., zvichitungamira kune fungidziro yekuti yakasangana nekudhumhana kukuru kwakabvisa pasi pasi pekunze, ichisiya iyo metallic core sechinhu chikuru. Pfungwa iyi inonakidza uye inosimbisa chidzidzo chekudhumhana kwemuchadenga mumamiriro ekushanduka kwepasi.
Kufanana nekambani yega yega tekinoroji, Kepler akatarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana panguva yerwendo rwake.. Muna 2013, maviri emavhiri ayo ekuita - nzira dzakakosha dzekuchengetedza kutaridzika chaiko - akatadza kushanda, zvichiita kuti zvisaite kuenderera mberi nebasa rayo rekutanga.
Mushandirapamwe weK2 wakabva watangwa, uyo waiganhurira kutarisisa kuminda midiki uye kutenderera mwedzi mitatu yega yega kugadzirisa mhedzisiro yesimba rezuva. Kugadzira kudzokorora uku kwakachengeta teresikopu kushanda uye kwakaburitsa hupfumi hwe data yakakosha.
Muna Gumiguru 2018, mushure mekupera kwemafuta, NASA yakazivisa zviri pamutemo kupera kweKepler mishoni. Nekudaro, iyo data yakaunganidzwa kweanoda kusvika makore gumi inoramba iri sosi yekudzidza kunharaunda yesainzi.
Mhedzisiro pasainzi uye shanduko yeruzivo rwenyeredzi
Kepler's legacy inodarika manhamba nemagrafu. Yakapa humbowo hwakasimba hwekuti mapuraneti akafanana neNyika anowanikwa mugwara renzou. Isati yatanga, vashoma pane 350 vakasimbiswa exoplanets vaizivikanwa; Pakupera kwebasa ravo, nhamba yacho yakapfuura 3.800. Shanduko iyi mukunzwisisa kwedu nzvimbo yakakosha mumunda wezvenyeredzi.
Zvaakawana zvakachinja zvachose nhamba dzezvomuchadenga.: Zvinofungidzirwa kuti 70% yenyeredzi dzakafanana neZuva dzinogona kugamuchira mapuraneti anogona kugarika. Uye zvakare, akabatsira kuvaka kugovera uye frequency modhi inobvumira fungidziro yekuvapo kwemabhiriyoni emapuraneti.
Mipiro yake inomirawo munzvimbo dzakaita sesupernovae, hunhu hwekupenya kwenyeredzi, kusimba kweguruva renyeredzi, uye kusiyanisa kwechiedza macurves. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita kuti Kepler ive sosi yakakosha yedata.
Kubudirira kwesayenzi uye unyanzvi kwaKepler kwakaisa hwaro hwezvizvarwa zvitsva zveteresikopu dzomuchadenga.. Ruzivo rwavo rwaive rwakakosha pakugadzira mapurojekiti akazotevera akadai seTESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) uye James Webb Space Telescope.
Uyezve, yakakurudzira zvidzidzo zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kuongorora zvose kubva pakuumbwa kwemapuraneti kusvika pakushanduka kwepasi. Uzivi hwenyeredzi hwemazuva ano hwawana chidimbu chitsva nekuda kwemhedzisiro yakawanikwa neichi probe yemuchadenga.
Nyaya yeteresikopu yeKepler muenzaniso unofadza wekuti kushingirira, kuvandudza zvinhu, uye kuona kwakajeka kunogona sei kuchinja ukama hwedu nechadenga.. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwayo kusvika pakutumira kwayo kwekupedzisira, Kepler haana kungowana mapuraneti, asi akawedzera mikana yedu sebudiriro.