Iyo ozone layer ndechimwe chezvakakosha zvipingamupinyi zvechisikigo papasi redu. Inotidzivirira kubva kune ultraviolet mwaranzi, kubvumira kuvapo kwoupenyu sezvatinohuziva. Zvisinei, mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, chiyero chayo chakashandurwa nekuda kwekuita kwevanhu, zvichiita kuti pave nekuumbwa kwe 'ozone hole' inotyisa.
Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa zvakadzama kuti ozone layer inoumbwa sei, nzira dzinotonga kuenzana kwayo, uye zvinhu zvinoita kuti iparare. Mukuwedzera, isu tichaongorora iyo matanho akatorwa kuti igadziriswe uye kuti vangapesvedzera sei ramangwana repasi redu.
Chii chinonzi ozone layer?
Iyo ozone layer inzvimbo ye stratosphere, iri makiromita ari pakati pe15 ne50 kubva pamusoro pePasi. Munharaunda iyi, the ozone concentration yakawedzera, uye ndizvo chaizvo gasi iri rinoita sea nhovo yekudzivirira kurwisa ultraviolet mwaranzi yeZuva.
Ozone (O3) imorekuru rinoumbwa nemaatomu matatu eokisijeni, uye inoumbwa kana mwaranzi yeultraviolet inorova mamorekuru eokisijeni (O2), kuparadzanisa maatomu uye kubvumira mamwe awo kuti abatane nemamwe mamorekuru eokisijeni, achigadzira ozone.
Maitiro ekuumbwa kwe stratospheric ozone
Iyo nzira inodzora kuumbwa uye kuparadzwa kwe ozone mu stratosphere inozivikanwa se Chapman cycle, yakatumidzwa zita romuzivi wefizikisi Sydney Chapman, uyo akarondedzera iyi muitiro muna 1930. Kuumbwa kweozone kunoitika mumatanho akawanda:
- Photodissociation ye molecular oxygen: Ultraviolet radiation ine wavelength ipfupi kupfuura 240 nm inokanganisa mamorekuru eokisijeni (O2), kutyora zvisungo zvavo uye kugadzira maatomu eokisijeni ega ega.
- Kuita ne molecular oxygen: Maatomu emahara eokisijeni anoita nekukurumidza nemamwe mamorekuru eokisijeni (O2), inogadzira ozone (O3).
- Kutorwa kwemwaranzi ye ultraviolet: Ozone inoumbwa inotora yakawanda yemwaranzi yeultraviolet, ichiibvumira kuora zvakare kuva molecular oxygen uye atomic oxygen, ichidzokorora kutenderera.
Iyi nzira inochengetedza a dynamic equilibrium mu ozone concentration mu stratosphere, ichibvumira kuvandudzwa kwayo nguva dzose. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani chiyero uye kutyisidzira kwainotarisana nako, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza ruzivo rwe ozone rukoko.
Kuparadzirwa kwe ozone layer panyika
Kuumbwa kwe ozone kwakanyanya mu dzinopisa, uko chiitiko che ultraviolet mwaranzi yakakwirira. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekutenderera kwemuchadenga, ozone inotakurwa kuenda kune yakakwira latitudo, ichitarisa munzvimbo dziri pedyo nemapango.
Munguva yemwaka inotonhora, kunyanya muAntarctica, kuderera kwakanyanya kweozone layer kunoonekwa, izvo zvinopa kusimuka kune vanozivikanwa. ozone hole. Kuti uongorore zvakadzama muchiitiko ichi, unogona kuverenga nezve gomba muozone layer.
Iyo ozone gomba uye maitiro ayo
Gomba re ozone harisi gomba chairo, asi a nharaunda umo ozone mazinga anoderera zvakanyanya. Chiitiko ichi chakaonekwa mukupera kwema70 uye chakawedzera mukati me80s, zvakanyanya kukanganisa Antarctica.
Ozone-depleting substances (ODS), yakadai sema chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), ndiwo anokonzera kuita uku.. Izvi zvinhu, zvinoburitswa nefiriji, aerosols uye zvinonyungudutsa, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinokwira kune stratosphere, uko. Iwo akaora ne ultraviolet mwaranzi, achiburitsa maatomu eklorini izvo zvinoparadza ozone mamorekuru. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuparadzwa kwechikamu ichi chakakosha, unogona kubvunza chinyorwa pa ozone layer kuparadza.
Migumisiro yekuparara kwe ozone layer
- Kuwedzera ultraviolet mwaranzi: Pasina ozone layer, mwaranzi yeUV yakawanda inosvika paPasi, ichiwedzera njodzi yegomarara reganda uye hosha dzemaziso senge cataract.
- Impact pane ecosystems: Mwaranzi yeUV inokanganisa marine phytoplankton, hwaro hweketani yezvokudya zvegungwa.
- Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze: Shanduko mutembiricha ye stratospheric inogona kukanganisa mamiriro ekunze epasi rose uye mapatani emuchadenga.
Mhedzisiro yakashata yekuderera kweozone layer inotyisa uye ine chekuita nenyaya dzinoverengeka dzakakosha dzezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekubatana pakati pe ozone layer uye kudziya kwepasi, zvakakodzera kudzokorora chinyorwa Kuti kudziya kwepasi kunokanganisa sei ozone layer.
Zviito zvekudzoreredza ozone layer
Kuziva dambudziko, Muna 1987 chibvumirano cheMontreal Protocol chakasainwa, chibvumirano chepasi rose chine chinangwa chekudzikisa kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kweozone-depleting substances. Nekuda kwekuedza kwepasirese uku, mazinga eozone atanga kupora, uye ozone layer inotarisirwa kudzoka kune pre-industrial level panosvika pakati pezana ramakore rechi21. Inokurudzirwa kuongorora kufambira mberi mune kupora kweiyo ozone layer.
Tingabatsira sei pakudzivirira ozone layer?
Kunyangwe iyo Montreal Protocol yakabudirira, munhu wega wega anogona kubatsira mukuchengetedza ozone layer kuburikidza nemaitiro akareruka:
- Dzivisa zvigadzirwa neCFCs: Sarudza zvakatipoteredza ane hushamwari aerosols uye inotonhorera.
- Deredza kushandiswa kwesimba: Kugadzira magetsi kubva mumafuta ezvicherwa kunoburitsa magasi anokanganisa mhepo.
- Kurudzira dzimwe nzira dzakasimba: Tsigira zvirongwa zvinoderedza kubuda kwezvinhu zvinosvibisa.
Iyo ozone layer inhovo yakakosha kuhupenyu hwePasi. Yake kuumbwa inzira yechisikigo izvo zvinoenderana nekudyidzana pakati pemwaranzi yezuva uye okisijeni mu stratosphere. Zvakadaro, kuita kwevanhu kwakanganisa chiyero chayo, zvichiita kuti ukobvu hwayo hudzikire mune mamwe matunhu uye kuisa pachena hunhu uye zvipenyu munjodzi huru. Neraki, matanho epasirese, akadai seMontreal Protocol, akabatsira kumisa kudzikira uye kutanga kupora. Kuenderera mberi nekuchengetedza ozone layer ibasa rekugoverana kuitira kuti kuve neramangwana rakachengeteka rezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
