Kana tichitaura nezve ecosystem, tiri kutaura nezvekudyidzana kwakaoma kunobatanidza zvese zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu. Kuenzana uku kunobvumira kuvapo kwehupenyu sezvatinohuziva. Mukati memasimba aya, the abiotic zvinhu kuita basa rinokosha. Izvi zvinhu zvinoumba iyo yemuviri uye yemakemikari nharaunda inopesvedzera zvakananga iyo zvipenyu, zvichitapura kurarama kwavo nokushanduka-shanduka.
Siyanisa pakati pe abiotic zvinhu uye biotics ndiyo kiyi yekunzwisisa kuti ecosystem inoshanda sei. Nepo biotic zvinhu zvinosanganisira zvese zvipenyu, abiotic zvinhu zvinosanganisira inert zvinhu zvakaita se mvurala chiedzala tembiricha kana the minerals. Tevere, isu tichaongorora zvakadzama izvo zvavari, kuti vakaiswa sei, maitiro avo uye yavo yakananga pesvedzero pane nzvimbo.
Chii chinonzi abiotic factor?
Abiotic zvinhu ndeizvo zvemuviri, makemikari uye kazhinji zvikamu zve geological zvinowanikwa mune ecosystem isina hupenyu. Zvisinei, kuvapo kwayo kwakakosha pakuvapo nekuvandudzwa kwezvipenyu. Somuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakadai zuva, the mvura and the zvinovaka muviri zvevhu zvigadziriso mukukwanisa kwenzvimbo inochengetedza zvipenyu.
Izwi rokuti "abiotic" rinoumbwa nemidzi miviri: "a-", zvichireva kuti "pasina", uye "bio", iyo inoreva "upenyu." Nekudaro, abiotic zvinhu zvinosanganisira zvese zvinoumba chikamu chechimiro uye chemakemikari nharaunda ye ecosystem, ichigadzira iyo inodiwa mamiriro eiyo biotic zvinhu (zvipenyu) kuti zvikure. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve ecosystem.
Main abiotic factor
Pakati pezvakawanda zveabiotic zvinhu zvinopesvedzera ecosystem, zvimwe zvinomira padanho razvo rekuona mukuenzanisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Izvo hazvingokanganisa kugovera uye kuwanda kwezvipenyu, asiwo mamiriro ekudyidzana kwebiological. Pazasi tinoongorora izvo zvakanyanya kukosha:
- Chiedza chezuva: Chiedza ndicho chitubu chikuru chesimba rezvipenyu zvakawanda. Miti inotsamira pairi kuita photosynthesis, muitiro unobudisa okisijeni inodiwa muupenyu.
- Mvura: Yakakosha kune zvisikwa zvese zvipenyu, mvura inoshanda senge nzira yekuchinja kwemakemikari uye kutakura kwekudya.
- Kupisa: Rudzi rwega rwega rune tembiricha yakakwana kuti urarame. Kunyanya kuchinja kunogona kuderedza dzakasiyana-siyana kubva kune mamwe matunhu.
- Pasi: Kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari, chimiro uye pH zvinotarisa kubereka uye zvidyarwa zvinogona kukura munharaunda.
- Kumanikidzwa kwemuchadenga: Inobata kugoverwa kwezvipenyu munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye pakadzika.
Kurongeka kweabiotic factor
Kuti vafambise kudzidza kwavo, abiotic zvinhu zvinowanzoiswa mukati mapoka maviri makuru: zvinhu zvemuviri uye makemikari zvinhu. Chikamu ichi chinotibvumira kuti tiongorore simba ravo pane ecosystem kubva pamaonero akasiyana.
Physical abiotic factors
- Chiedza: Ndiro rinotara upenyu hwemarudzi akawanda. Semuenzaniso, chiedza chakawanda munzvimbo dzemumvura chinofarira kukura ye phytoplankton.
- Relieve: Zvinhu zvakaita se kukwira uye kutsetseka kwenzvimbo kunokanganisa mamiriro ekunze uye, naizvozvo, mararamiro ehupenyu hwemarudzi.
- Mhepo: Izvo zvine hukama nekuputika mumiti uye kuumbwa kwe microclimates.
- Mamiriro ekunze: Kusanganiswa kwekushisa, humidity uye dzvinyiriro inotsanangura rudzi rwezvinomera nemhuka zvinogona kutsigira ecosystem.
Kemikari abiotic zvinhu
- Ivhu nemvura pH: Acidity kana alkalinity ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mukugoverwa kwemarudzi.
- Mineral nutrients: Zvinhu zvakadai calcio and the senitrogen zvakakosha pakukura kwechirimwa.
- Kemikari yemhepo: El kabhoni diamoni and the okisijeni Vanotamba mabasa akasiyana mukufema uye photosynthetic maitiro.
Hukama pakati peabiotic uye biotic zvinhu
Mukati me ecosystem, abiotic factor haiite zvega. Kudyidzana kwayo ne biotic zvinhu kunogara uye bidirectional, ndiko kuti, nepo abiotic zvinhu zvinotarisa kugoverwa kweiyo zvipenyu, vekupedzisira vanogadzirisawo nharaunda yavo.
Semuenzaniso, mamwe mavhu anogona kupfumiswa nekuda kwekuita kwe mabhakitiriya y mushroom izvo zvinoodza organic matter, nokudaro zvichiwedzera zvinovaka muviri zviripo. Saizvozvowo, kuchinja kwekushisa kana hunyoro kunogona kukonzera kutama yemhuka uye shanduko mumaruva emunharaunda. Zvimwe pamusoro pekuti altitude inokanganisa sei ecosystems.
Kukosha kweabiotic factor mune ecosystems
Kufuratira basa reabiotic factor kungave kusatarisisa hwaro hwechimiro chechero ecosystem. Zvinhu izvi hazvingotsananguri miganhu mukati meiyo mhando dzinogona kukura, asi zvakare zvine chekuita neiyo evolutionary adaptations izvo zvakabvumira hupenyu kuti hubudirire mu nharaunda dzakaipa zvakanyanya. Dzidza nezve mbiru dzakareruka uye hukama hwadzo kune abiotic zvinhu..
Ngatifungei nezve extremophile organisms, iyo inogona kumira tembiricha mamiriro, humidity kana kumanikidzwa kusina kujairika. Aya magadzirirwo angadai asina kuvepo pasina pesvedzero yakananga yenzvimbo dzadzo dzeabiotic.
Abiotic zvinhu zvakakoshawo kuti unzwisise kuti zvipenyu zvinopindura sei kukanganiswa kwevanhu, sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kana kusvibiswa. Nekuongorora zvinhu izvi, tinogona kufanotaura mhedzisiro yezviito zvedu uye kushanda kune dzimwe mhinduro dzakasimba.
Kubatana kwakapfuma pakati peabiotic uye biotic zvinhu zvinobvumira ecosystems kuti ibudirire uye ishanduke. Kunzwisisa zvikamu izvi, kupatsanurwa kwazvo uye mabatiro azvinoita zvinotipa maonero akazara ehupenyu hwepasi redu. Kubva ku chiedza chezuva zvakakosha kusvika mvura izvo zvinopa chouviri, chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chikamu chakakosha mupikicha yezvakasikwa.
