Zvisikwa hupenyu. Zvisinei, munhu wemazuva ano anoita seari kuedza kuipukuta pamepu, asingazivi kuti iye pachake ndewayo. Muchokwadi, chikamu chakakosha chepuzzle chinoumba pasi redu. Dzimwe nguva dzinonzi Gaia kana Amai Pasi nevateveri vezvitendero zvitsva zvezvisikwa, chokwadi ndechekuti tiri kurarama munyika iri kuramba ichirohwa. Uye, sezvatinoziva, chiito chega chega chine maitiro acho, nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare. Asi zvakadaro, kune zvakare nzvimbo yekufungisisa uye kudzidza, mune ino kesi, yezvigadzirwa zvemavara.
Uye ndizvo chaizvo zviri kuitwa neInstitute of Environmental Hydraulics yeYunivhesiti yeCantabria uye Biodiversity Foundation mumapaki matatu enyika eSpain: Picos de Europa, Guadarrama, uye Sierra Nevada. Munzvimbo dzinoshamisa idzi, kusimudzira chirongwa chinoongorora mashandisirwo ezvigadzirwa zvemavara uye kudzoreredzwa kwemasango favourite kuchinjika kwemamiriro ekunze, sezvakatsanangurwa muongororo ye matanho ekugadzirisa kusagadzikana kweSpain mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Izvo zvakakoshawo kutaura kuti iyo Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukanganisa matunhu akasiyana enyika, iyo inosimbisa kudikanwa kwekuziva kukuru kwemhoteredzo.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvavari kuita kugara pasi uye kutaura nemaneja emapaki iwayo kuitira vadzidzise mhando uye vagadzire magadzirirwo egirini akakodzera zvichienderana nenzvimbo nenzvimbo dzayo dzemamiriro ekunze. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vachashanyira imwe neimwe yenzvimbo idzi nemamaneja, vatungamiriri, uye nyanzvi kuti varatidze mhando dzezvinomera zvinofukidza shanduko uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvichave zvakakosha kune, semuenzaniso, kudzoreredza nzvimbo dzemurwizi kana makomo, kana kusimudzira nzvimbo dzakati dzesango. Kukosha kwezvivakwa izvi kunoratidzwa nekuti matunhu anodyara mari mazviri anosimba zvakanyanya, sezvataurwa mu. matambudziko anotarisana neSpain mukutarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Ukuwo, Akateedzana ekufananidza emamiriro ekunze achaitwa kuti aongorore mhedzisiro yeshanduko mumamiriro ekunze ichaitika kutenderedza 2050. Izvi zvichatipa pfungwa yakaoma yezvingazoitika pakati pezana ramakore kana pasina chakaitwa nhasi kuchengetedza masango, kana, zvakasiyana, matanho akatorwa kuvabatsira zvirinani kuenderana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanokarira kuti nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzeSpain nemhatsa yayo yemarudzi ezvipenyu yakaisvonaka inogona kuramba iripo. Izvi zvinova zvakakosha kufunga nezvazvo Mamiriro ekunze ari pasi pano anotyisa.
Kukosha Kwekudyara muGreen Infrastructure
Kuisa mari muzvivakwa zvakasvibirira hakungokosha chete pakuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, asi zvakare kunopa huwandu hwakawanda hwe zvakanakira magariro nehupfumi. Rudzi urwu rwezvivakwa runogona kuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo, kutonga mvura inonaya uye kuwedzera kusimba kwemadhorobha kune zviitiko zvakanyanya zvemamiriro ekunze, sezvinoonekwa mumamiriro ekunze. shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuSpain. Nekuda kweizvozvo, tiri kuenda kune remangwana rakagadzikana uye rine hutano kunharaunda dzemumaguta nemaruwa. Kudyara kwakadaro kunogona kusanganisira kugadzirwa kwemapaki, nzira dzekufamba padivi pemugwagwa, matenga egirinhi, uye masisitimu anofambisa mvura. Iyo inzira inodiwa yekutarisana nematambudziko ayo kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuitika iye zvino.
- Green infrastructure inovandudza kunaka kwemhepo nekubata zvinosvibisa neguruva.
- Ivo vanobatsira kudzikisira iyo inonzi "heat island" mhedzisiro inoitika mumaguta, nezvinomera zvinotonhodza nharaunda.
- Vanoderedza kuyerera kwemvura panguva yemadutu, zvichibatsira kudzivirira mafashama, sezvakataurwa mukati mafashamo anotyisidzira mamiriyoni.
- Vanopa nzvimbo dzekugara dzemhuka dzesango, vachikurudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu mumaguta.
Kukosha kwegreen infrastructure kunotsigirwa ne EU Green Infrastructure Strategy, iyo inosimudzira kuchengetedzwa, kudzoreredza, kusikwa uye kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvezvakatipoteredza. Iri sarudzo rinoratidzawo hukama pakati pezvakasvibirira zvivakwa uye mamwe marongero akakosha akadai sekutarisira njodzi, hutano, uye kuronga kwemaguta, zvichiratidza kuti zvivako izvi zvinogona sei kuva chikamu chenzira yakabatanidzwa yekugadzirisa matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza. Ichi chinodiwa chinova chakanyanya kukosha kana uchiongorora iyo .
Nyaya dzekubudirira muSpain
MuSpain, mumwe wemienzaniso yakakurumbira yekudyara muzvivakwa zvakasvibirira ndeyeIvercam purojekiti, inotarisa pamapaki matatu enyika: Picos de Europa, Guadarrama, uye Sierra Nevada. Chirongwa ichi chinoda kuita masikirwo-based solutions kuderedza mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvakafanana nenzira dzakakurukurwa mukati natural laboratories muSpain. Mhinduro idzi dzinotarisa pakudzoreredza ecosystem, kugadzirwa kweecological corridors, nekuvandudza mhando yemvura, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Mhando iyi yezvirongwa inomiririra chikamu chakakosha mukurwisa njodzi yemamiriro ekunze iri kuuya.
Iyo Ivercam purojekiti inogonesa kubatana pakati pevaongorori, maneja, uye maneja emapaki kuti vagadzire mamodhiyo ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze anogona kudzokororwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Iyi nzira yekubatana yakakosha mukuwedzera kukanganisa kwekudyara kwegirini zvivakwa, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhinduro dziri maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu uye dzinoenderana nezvinodiwa munharaunda. Uyezve, kushandiswa kwemifananidzo yesatellite kuongorora shanduko yezvinomera mumakumi emakore apfuura chinhu chakakosha muchirongwa ichi, chine chekuitawo nekutsvaga zvinokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Somuenzaniso, kana mienzaniso yemasvomhu nemienzaniso yokufanotaura kuti pasina kupindira, dzimwe nzvimbo dzepaki yenyika dzinogona kurasikirwa nechikamu chikuru chevhavha yadzo yezvinomera, izvi zvinogona kunyevera avo vane mutoro kukudikanwa kwechiito chokukurumidzira. Zvakakosha kufunga nezvazvo Masango ane marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipenyu anotsungirira kusanaya kwemvura., chinova chinhu chinokosha pakuchengetedza.
Mabhenefiti ehupfumi eGreen Infrastructure
Pamusoro pezvakabatsira zvezvakatipoteredza, zvivakwa zvakasvibirira zvinogadzira nhevedzano ye zvakanakira hupfumi. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti euro yega yega inodyarwa muzvivakwa zvakasvibirira inogona kuunza kudzoka kwakakosha, kwete chete maererano nekudzikisa mitengo ine chekuita nekutonga kwemvura, asiwo nekuwedzera kukosha kwezvivakwa nekuvandudza hupenyu munharaunda. Izvi zvinoshandura kuva mabhenefiti anobatika kune vagari, kusanganisira:
- Kuderedza mari yehutano kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwemhepo.
- Kuwedzera mukushanya kwenaturist uye zviitiko zvekuvaraidza, izvo zvinoratidzira kukosha kwe kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvedu.
- Inovandudza kushanda kwemvura inotenderera, kuderedza kudiwa kwemaitiro anodhura emvura.
- Kukurudzira kusikwa kwemabasa muzvikamu zvine chekuita nekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza.
Kubatana pakati pekudyara muzvivakwa zvakasvibirira uye kuvandudza mararamiro emumaguta kunoratidza kukosha kwekuti hurumende dzisanganise mari iyi muzvirongwa zvebudiriro zvenguva refu. Zvidzidzo zvakaitwa kune mamwe matunhu eEurope zvinoratidza kuti maguta anoshandisa zvivakwa izvi haangogadzirisi kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, asi anonyanya kukwezva pakudyara, sekuratidzwa kwazvino. mapurojekiti akadai seSmart Green Tower.
Matambudziko eKuitwa kweGreen Infrastructure
Kunyangwe kune akawanda mabhenefiti, kuisirwa kwegirinhi zvivakwa kunotarisana nematambudziko akati wandei. Chimwe chazvo kushaikwa kwemari yakakwana yezvirongwa izvi. Hurumende dzematunhu mazhinji dzinozeza kuisa mari muzvivakwa izvo zvisingape kudzoka nekukurumidza. Pamusoro pezvo, vakatarisanawo nekushaya ruzivo pamusoro pekukosha kwemhinduro idzi. Mupfungwa iyi, zvakakosha kuongorora zvinhu zvakaita se kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwesimba nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya, izvo zvakare zvine chekuita nekushaikwa kwemavara akasvibira.
Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, zvakakosha kukurudzira dzidzo uye kuziva pamusoro pezvibatsiro zvezvivakwa zvakasvibirira, kwete chete padanho remasangano, asiwo mumagariro evanhu. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mishandirapamwe yeruzivo inoratidzira kuti mari iyi inogona kuvandudza mararamiro evagari, pamwe nekushanda pamwe nemakambani akazvimirira kuwana imwe mari. Kukurudzira kubatana kwakakosha, pamwe nekudikanwa kwekunzwisisa izvozvo kudzora kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze ndiko kukurumidzira.
Nekune rimwe divi, zvakakosha kugadzira masisitimu ekudzora anofambisa kutorwa kwegirinhi zvivakwa. Mitemo inofanirwa kukurudzira vanogadzira uye hurumende dzematunhu kuti vatarise zvisikwa semubatanidzwa mukuronga kwemaguta nekumaruwa.
Mienzaniso Yepasi Pose yeGreen Infrastructure
Mienzaniso yekubudirira kuita kwegirinhi zvivakwa haina kugumira kuSpain. Pasi rose, maguta akaita seSingapore akatungamira nzira nenzira itsva inobatanidza zvisikwa munzvimbo yemaguta, zvichiratidza kukosha kwe zvishandiso zvekunzwisisa zviratidzo zvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuita kwayo padenga regirinhi, semuenzaniso, kwakaratidza kushanda kwete chete mukuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo asiwo mukuwedzera kusiyanisa zvipenyu munzvimbo ine dhorobha.
Mimwe mienzaniso inosanganisira:
- Urban parks muNew York, idzo dzakashandura nzvimbo dzakanga dzambosiiwa kuva nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzinoshanda semapapu eguta.
- Ecological corridors muAmsterdam, iyo inofambisa kufamba kwemhuka dzesango uye kuvandudza zvivakwa zviripo.
- Kusikwa kwemagadheni emvura muSeoul, izvo zvakaderedza kuyerera uye zvakapa nzvimbo dzekutandarira kunharaunda.
Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza kuti, kunyangwe paine zvipingamupinyi, kudyara muzvivakwa zvakasvibirira kunogona kuunza mibairo yakakosha kunharaunda, hupfumi uye nharaunda, kunyanya kana uchitarisa zvakasiyana. marudzi eecosystem aripo.
Kuronga nekugadzirisa kuedza kudzoreredza kwenzvimbo nekugadzira network yegirinhi zvivakwa kwakakosha mukusimudzira kudzoreredza nekuchengetedza ecosystem. Green infrastructure network ine zvinhu zvakasiyana zvine hunhu uye mabasa akasiyana, senge masango emurwizi, masango ane mafashama, masango emumakomo, kana hedgerows, uye dhizaini yacho inofanirwa kufunga nezve hukama chaihwo pakati padzo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu.
Remangwana renharaunda dzedu uye hutano hwepasi redu hunoenderana nekugona kwedu kubatanidza mhinduro dzechisikigo mukuronga kwedu kwemaguta nekumaruwa. Kuitwa kunobudirira kwezvivakwa zvakasvibirira kunogona kushanda sechitsigiro cheramangwana rakagadzikana, kusimudzira kugara kwevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza munyika inotarisana nekuwedzera kwemamiriro ekunze matambudziko.