Mumakore achangopfuura, Kusanaya kwemvura kwakazvisimbisa seimwe yenjodzi huru dzepasi rose, zvichikonzera matambudziko akakomba mukugadzirwa kwezvokudya, kuwaniswa kwemvura uye upfumi hwenyika. Kubva 2023, matunhu pasi rese akasangana nezviitiko zvekusanaya kwemvura mhedzisiro yekubatsira vanhu, yehupfumi uye yezvakatipoteredza zvisati zvamboitika maererano nemishumo inorongwa nemasangano epasi rose akadai seUN, Convention to Combat Desertification, uye nzvimbo dzesainzi dzine hunyanzvi.
Nyanzvi dzepasi rose dzinotsikirira kukomba kwemamiriro ezvinhuKushaikwa kwemvura hakuchisiri kwechinguvana kana kugariswa munzvimbo, asi kwave kutyisidzira kusingaperi kunofambira mberi chinyararire uye kunobata nyika dzakabudirira uye nharaunda dzinotambura. Mhedzisiro yacho haingokanganisa kurima uye kugadzirwa kwezvipfuyo, asiwo kugadzirwa kwesimba, hutano hweveruzhinji, uye kugadzikana munharaunda, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinoonekwa dzakakosha hotspots.
Matunhu akakanganiswa: kusaenzana kukanganisa uye kugogodza-pamhedzisiro
Chirevo chepasi rose chakagadzirwa neUS National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), UN uye International Drought Resilience Partnership (IDRA) inotarisa Africa, gungwa reMediterranean, Latin America uye yakawanda yeAsia senzvimbo dzakakanganisika zvakanyanya. Kupfuurisa 90 mamiriyoni evanhu muEast uye Southern Africa vari panjodzi yenzara kana kutamiswa nekuda kwekusangana kwekusanaya kwemvura nekunetsana. Munyika dzakadai Zimbabwe, goho rechibage rakadzikira ne70%, ukuwo Zambia yakaona kudzikira kwakanyanya munzizi dzayo, zvichikonzera kudzimwa kwemagetsi makuru nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekuyerera kwezvidyarwa zvemagetsi emvura. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunowedzera kuipa kwekusanaya kwemvura.
In the basin yeMediterraneanMigumisiro yave ichionekwa mukurasikirwa kwezvirimwa-ne50% inodonha mukugadzirwa kwemafuta emuorivhi muSpain-, kuderedzwa kwenhamba dzezvipfuyo muMorocco, uye kuonekwa kwemvura muTurkey nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemvura yakawanda. Southern Europe uye North Africa Ivo zvakare vari kutambura nenhoroondo yekupisa kwemafungu uye kudzikira kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo dzemvura, zvichikanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye kukwidza mitengo yezvinhu zvakakosha.
En América LatinaIAmazon yakasangana nekudzikira kwenhoroondo mukuyerera kwenzizi, paine zvakakomba zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvemagariro zvakaita sekufa kwakawanda kwehove dziri mungozi yekutsakatika uye ma dolphin, pamwe nekuvhiringwa kwemvura yekunwa. Kutakura kwepasi rose nekutengeserana zvakakanganiswa nekuderedzwa kwemotokari kuburikidza nePanama Canal, nzvimbo inokosha yekutengeserana kwemakungwa epasi rose, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemvura. Kuchinja kwemamiriro emunharaunda kunokanganisa kuumbwa kwegore uye mvura..
El Southeast Asia United States haina kupukunyuka dambudziko iri zvakare: kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvakakosha zvakaita semupunga, shuga, uye kofi kwadzikira zvakanyanya, zvichikwidza mitengo uye kuwedzera matambudziko ekuchengetedza chikafu. Uyezve, kupinda munyu mumatope seMekong kwakasiya zviuru zvemhuri zvisina mvura yokunwa.
El Niño uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze: zvinoparira kusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanyisa
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakonzera kuoma kwekusanaya kwemvura munguva pfupi yapfuura ndeye kusangana kwechiitiko cheEl Niño nekudziya kwepasiMuna 2023 na2024, tembiricha yepasirese yakasvika kurekodhwa, ichirebesa nguva yekuoma uye kuwedzera kubuda kwemvura kubva muivhu nemadhamu. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvakananga zvirimwa zvagara zviri munjodzi uye ecosystem.
Uyezve, kudziya kwepasi kuri kushandura mafashama emvura uye kusimudzira kuitika kwezviitiko zvakanyanyisa, zvakadai sezvinonzi "mvura inonaya," kuchinja kamwe kamwe pakati pekusanaya kwemvura uye mafashamo, izvo zvinoita kuti zviome kune zvekurima kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa zviwanikwa. Iyo anticyclone uye simba rayo pakusanaya kwemvura uye kupisa kwakanyanya.
Zvemagariro nehupfumi zvinokonzeresa: vanonyanya kutambudzika, vanonyanya kukanganiswa
La Dambudziko rekusanaya kwemvura rine kusaenzana kukuru munharaundaVakadzi, vana, varimi vanongoraramira, uye vakwegura vari pakati pemapoka ari mungozi zvikuru. MuEast Africa, kuwedzera kwewanano dzekumanikidzirwa, kunyanya dzevasikana, kwakabatana nekurasikirwa kwehupfumi mumhuri dzine dambudziko. Kuwedzera kwekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye mwero wokurega chikoro wakaonekwawo.
Dambudziko reutano riri kuramba richiwanda nekunyuka kwezvirwere zvakaita sekorera, kushaya chikafu chinovaka muviri, uye kushomeka kwemvura yakachena. Panyaya yezvakatipoteredza, kufa kwemhuka dzesango kunotyisa: kubva kunzou muZimbabwe kusvika kunzizi ma dolphin muAmazon uye mvuu muBotswana, kusanaya kwemvura kunotyisidzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana pachazvo.
Migumisiro yehupfumi yakakoshawo. Mutengo wekusanaya kwemvura wakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri kubva muna 2000 uye unofungidzirwa kuti uchawedzera kusvika ku110% mumakore gumi anotevera kana pasina matanho anotorwa. Pakati pezvakarasikirwa zvikuru kuderera kwegoho rekurima, kudzimwa kwemagetsi, kukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu, uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwezvivakwa uye hutano hweveruzhinji.
