La ozone rukoko Chinopfuura zvikuru chipingamupinyi chisingaoneki chinotidzivirira pamwaranzi yezuva ine ngozi zvikuru. Basa rayo mu kudzora mamiriro ekunze epasi rose uye musimba remuchadenga chinhu chakakosha, kunyangwe kuchine mativi umo sainzi inoramba ichiongorora. Pasinei nekufambira mberi kukuru mukumisa kushata kwayo, Kukurudzira kwaro kunoramba kuchikosha kuti tinzwisise shanduko yezvakatipoteredza yatiri kuona..
Explore the hukama pakati pe ozone layer, mamiriro ekunze uye zvakatipoteredza inotibvumira kuongorora zvakadzama kuti sei kuchinja kuduku mumhepo inogona kukonzera mhedzisiro yakakura, kukanganisa mamiriro ekunze, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye pakupedzisira, hupenyu hweduMuchinyorwa ichi chese, tichatora zvakadzama uye nekuomarara kutarisa kune zvese zvinozivikanwa nezvenyaya iyi, tichibatanidza zvese hwaro hwesainzi uye nhoroondo yechokwadi, pamwe nekufungidzira kwavo mune ramangwana.
Chii chinonzi ozone layer uye nei ichikosha?
La ozone rukoko Mutsetse wemhepo unowanikwa zvakanyanya mu stratosphere, pakati pemakiromita gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi mashanu kubva pamusoro pePasi. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekunyanya kukwira kweiyo ozone mamorekuru (O3) Kunyange zvazvo ozone inowanikwa zvakasikwa mumhepo yose, Mudunhu umu maanozadzisa zvake basa rekudzivirira: tora yakawanda yeultraviolet (UV) mwaranzi inoburitswa neZuva.
Kugona uku inodzivirira zvipenyu zvosekubvira Mwaranzi yeUV yakawandisa yaizova njodzi zvachose. Pasina ozone layer, chiitiko chegomarara reganda, cataracts, uye kukuvadzwa kune immune system yaizowedzera zvinoshamisa. Pamusoro pezvo, zvisikwa zvepasi uye zvemumvura aizokuvadzwa zvisingagadzirisiki, kukanganisa phytoplankton; hwaro hweketani yezvokudya zvemugungwa.
Tsvakurudzo yesainzi, sevaya vakazivikanwa neNobel Prize muChemistry muna 1995, Ivo vakasimbisa kugona kushoma kwechadenga kutora mishonga yechlorine, iyo yakanyevera pamusoro pekuparara kweozone. Naizvozvo, the Sosaiti yakaita nezvibvumirano zvepasi rose, sai Montreal Protocol (1987), iyo yakaratidza pamberi uye shure kwekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
La basa re ozone layer inopfuura kupfuura kusefa mwaranzi: Iyo inoshingaira inokonzera kupisa kwemhepo yemhepo, kuumbwa kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuenzana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvegasi.. Naizvozvo Kuinzwisisa kunzwisisa chikamu chemuchina wemamiriro ekunze epasi.
Iyo ozone gomba: zvikonzero, shanduko uye nzvimbo dzakakanganisika
Kwemakumi emakore, the ozone dura gomba chave chimwe chezviratidzo zvekukanganisa kwevanhu panyika. Chiitiko ichi Inosanganisira kuderedzwa kwakanyanya kweiyo ozone concentration, kunyanya yakanyorwa pa Antarctica panguva yeChirimo cheSouthern Hemisphere, kunyangwe mumakore achangopfuura zviitiko zvinozivikanwa zvakaonekwawo muArctic.
Chikonzero chikuru che gomba gomba yaive iyo kubuda kwemagasi akadai seklorofluorocarbons (CFCs), iripo mune aerosols uye refrigerants, iyo kuburitsa chlorine uye maatomu ebromine mu stratosphere. Zvinhu izvi vane upenyu hurefu (pakati pe50 ne100 makore), izvo inovabvumira kuti varambe vachiputsa mamolekyu eozone makore mazhinji mushure mekusunungurwa kwake.
ari mamiriro okunze akanyanyisa in the Antarctica-tembiricha yakaderera, kuvapo kwepolar stratospheric makore uye Antarctic polar vortex-kufambisa maitiro emakemikari anoparadza ozone. Kubatanidza kutonhora kwakanyanya uye makore awa anokonzera chlorine inoshanda uye inokurumidza kushatisa ozone nekusvika kwe chiedza chezuva mushure mechando chechando.
In the Arctic, kunyange zvisingawanzoitiki, zvakaitikawo ozone makomba inozivikanwa, senge yakaonekwa munaKurume 2020. Zvikamu izvi vanobatanidzwawo zvakare kutonhora kwakanyanya and the simba re stratospheric polar vortex.
La shanduko Del ozone dura gomba yakamakwa na peaks uye kuchinjaPaiva nemakore e kuderedza kukuru (2019) uye mamwe erekodhi kureba (2021). Kuedza kudzora nekudzikisa kuburitswa kweCFC vakakwanisa kumisa kuparara kwacho, asi kupora kuzere kuchanonoka uye zvichabva pane zvakasikwa zvinhu, zvakadai kusiyana mumhepo and the kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvichiri kudzidzwa.
Kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze epasirese: kupfuura mwaranzi yeUV
Zvakajairika kushamisika kana iyo ozone hole ane mutoro wakananga of kudziya kwepasireseNekudaro, sainzi yave pachena: kunyangwe zvese zviitiko zvine hukama, zvikonzero zvikuru zve kudziya ndevamwe.
Kuparadzwa kwe ozone mu stratosphere ine mhedzisiro yekukurumidza a kuwedzera UV mwaranzi izvo zvinosvika pamusoro, asi izvi haishandure mukudziya kwakananga kwetroposphere. Muchokwadi gomba mu ozone layer inoita kuti itonhodze iyo stratosphere zvinodziya pamusoro pePasi.
Zvinoita sei ipapo? ozone rukoko kumamiriro ekunze? Mhinduro iri mukati pesvedzero pamaitiro ekutenderera kwemuchadenga. La kuderedzwa kwe stratospheric ozone yakabatanidzwa ne kuchinja kwemhepo yepolar, shanduko muHadley Cell y kutamiswa kwemabhandi ekunaya kwemvura. Somuenzaniso, atypical mamiriro ekunze akarekodhwa en Australia, South America uye zvikamu zve Antarctica, se kusanaya kwemvura kusina kujairika o kuchinjwa mumabhandi emvura.
In the North Hemispherela kuderera kwe ozone muArctic Yakagadzira climatic anomalies, se Zvitubu zvinodziya kana zvakaoma muEurope neRussia, apo vari munzvimbo dzepolar mamiriro ehunyoro akawanda aripo. Kunyangwe iyo causal hukama Zvichiri kukakavadzana, Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvinoratidza kuwirirana kwakajeka pakati pe ozone kushomeka uye anomalies aya.
Muchidimbu, ozone rukoko inoshanda semutongi akakosha, Kwete chete kudzivirira mwaranzi, kana zvisiri kugadzirisa kugadzikana uye kusimba kwemhepo. Shanduko mukuisa pfungwa dzako kukanganisa maitiro cheni angave ane mhedzisiro inosvika kure pamamiriro ekunze epasi rose uye mamiriro ekunze.
Basa remitemo yenyika yose uye kufambira mberi mukugadzirisa
Imwe yei kubudirira kukuru kwezvekutaurirana kwezvakatipoteredza ndiyo Montreal Protocol. Yakaitwa kubvira 1989 uye yakasimbiswa na Nyika dze197, vakawana kubviswa zvishoma nezvishoma kwe99% yemakemikari zvinhu izvo kuparadza ozone layer. Kunze kwezvo, iyo Kigali Amendment (2016) yakawedzera zvirambidzo pa HFC, magasi ayo, kunyange asingakuvadzi ozone layer, kubatsira mukupisa kwepasi.
Thanks to the international action, mazinga e ozone-depleting compounds kutanga kuderera. Inofungidzirwa , que the kupora zvizere zvichaitika kunosvika 2066 mu Antarctica, 2045 mune Arctic uye 2040 mune mamwe matunhu, kana mitemo yazvino inochengetedzwa. Izvi kupora Inotocherechedzwa mukati satellite data uye zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze.
ari matanho epasi rose vakadzivirira mamiriyoni ezviitiko zve kenza yeganda uye cataracts, uye akadzivirira pasi kuti risave a 25% inodziya kusvika zvino zana rino. Kudyidzana kwepasi rose kwave kwakakosha kune izvi zvakabudirira, zvichiratidza kuti zviito zvakarongeka zvinogona kuita mutsauko.
Kune rumwe rutivi, ari kusimukira matekinoroji s geoengineering vari kuongororwa nokungwarira, kubvira inogona kuva nemigumisiro isingafanoonekwi pane ozone layer y atmospheric dynamicsSangano resainzi rinoomerera pakuchengeta kuongorora uye kuongorora vasati vatora mhinduro dzakasimba.
Kudyidzana pakati peozone uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze: hukama hwakaoma
El ozone iri zvakare a gasi rinodziya, saka inobatsira pakupisa kwemhepo. Huvepo hwake muna Jehovha troposphere (tropospheric ozone) ine mhedzisiro zvakasiyana kune avo vari mu stratosphere: muchikamu chezasi, zvinosvibisa , que kunowedzera kudziya, uchiri mu high atmosphere proteinge kurwisa UV mwaranzi.
Kuchinja kwe ozone concentration-zvakawandisa inowedzera mu troposphere se inoderera mu stratosphere -zvinokanganisa zvakananga al Mamiriro ekunze epasi. Zvisinei, kupera kwe ozone Haisi iyo inonyanya kukonzera kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Kudziya kwepasi rose ndizvo kunyanya akabatana pakuwedzera magasi akadai iye CO2 uye vamwe greenhouse effect.
El kudziya kwe troposphere and the kutonhora kwe stratosphere vane hukama. Kana iyo troposphere inopisa, iyo stratosphere kazhinji dzikama, chii inogona kuwedzera kuparadzwa kwe ozone, kunyanya muzviitiko yakanyanya polar vortexIzvi zvinogadzira kutenderera kwe feedback iyo inoshandura iyo atmospheric balances uye zvinokanganisa kufungidzira.
Naizvozvo, kunyange gomba re ozone ane minor impact in the kupisa kwepasi pose, pane chinongedzo chisina kunanga zvine basa. Pamusoro pe, kudzikiswa kweCFCs neHFCs thanks to Chibvumirano cheMontreal uchadzivisa pakati pe0,3 ne0,5°C kudziya kuwedzera kusvika ku2100.
Tropospheric ozone: njodzi kune hutano uye mamiriro ekunze
El tropospheric ozone haisi nguva dzose inobatsira. Icho chikamu chikuru cheutsi y inomiririra njodzi yakakomba kuhutano hweveruzhinji. La kuratidzwa kune yakanyanya kuwanda zvinotsamwisa bronchitis, asima, kukuvara kwemapapu uye kufa nguva isati yakwanaInofungidzirwa kukonzera nezve miriyoni imwe inofa nguva isati yakwana gore negore.
La World Health Organization anoyambira kuti 99% yehuwandu hwevanhu venyika fema mweya nemazinga e ozone kumusoro yevaya vanonzi vakachengeteka. Mukuwedzera, the tropospheric ozone unogona kuderedza kurima uye kukanganisa ecosystemskubvira inokanganisa photosynthesis uye kukura kwe miti.
Kudzora kuburitsa y kuderedza zvinosvibisa iyo inogadzira ozone mu troposphere ndiyo zvakakosha kudzivirira sei ozone layer mu stratosphere. Zvose zviri zviviri Iwo akabatana y chikamu chehutano hwezvakatipoteredza.
Kusiyana uye remangwana re ozone layer munguva dzekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze
La ozone rukoko inoramba ichiratidza kushanduka kwakaoma y kusiyana kukuru kwepagore. Saizi uye nguva yenguva magaro fluctuate, influenced by mamiriro ekunze, Kuputika kwegomo y manyuko matsva ezvinosvibisa. Semuenzaniso, a gomba risingatarisirwe muArctic muna 2020 yakabatana ne tembiricha dzakakwirira zvisina kujairika muNorth Pacificneko Antarctic hole ye2019 fue diki chaizvo nekuti stratospheric warmings.
Zvinotarisirwa kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inogona kunonoka kupora zvishoma of the ozone rukoko, kunyanya mu Antarctica, nekuti kutonhora mu stratosphere. Mienzaniso kurudzira kuti kupora zvizere Zvinogona kutora kusvika pakati kana kunonoka zana remakore mune mamwe matunhu.
Naizvozvo, zvinokosha enderera mberi nekutarisa, kuita tsvagiridzo y kushandira pamwe pasi roseKuvandudza mamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro emuchadenga kuchatibvumira kunzwisisa zviri nani sei stratospheric anomalies zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze.
Nhasi, iyo ciencia anozviziva zvese zvakabatana mumhepo, uye izvo Pachine mibvunzo yakawanda yakavhurika pamusoro pekudyidzana chaiko pakati ozone rukoko, el tiempo y mamiriro ekunze epasi roseKufambira mberi mune ino nzira kunofambisa zviri nani kufanotaura masisitimu uye nekuvandudza kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
La ozone rukoko imwe chete chidimbu chakakosha muchiyero chehupenyu hwePasiKudyidzana kwemakemikari uye maitiro ane simba anokonzera kuchengetedzwa kwezuva uye mamiriro ekunze, uye nhamburiko dzenyika dzakawanda dzave dzakasimba kumisa kuparara kwayo. Kuramba takasvinura uye kuenderera mberi nekutsvaga kwakakosha kuti tive nechokwadi cheramangwana rakagadzikana.
