Ongororo yepasi uye setiraiti muUnited States inoratidza kuti kukwirira kwemukume munguva yechirimo kunobatsira kuwedzera mazaya echando uye kunaya kwemvura, kunyangwe mutembiricha we -15 kusvika -25 madhigirii . Ko mukume ungakanganisa kuumbwa kwegore here?
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe Kuti mukume unokanganisa sei kuumbwa kwegore uye mafambiro emvura.
Pollen uye icing
Maererano naDr. Jan Kretzschmar, munyori anotungamirira wekudzidza, "migumisiro yerabhoritari inoratidza kuti pollen inoshanda sechando chechando, inokanganisa kutonhora kwemvura mukati memakore uye kuita kuti kunaya kwemvura." Kana pasina aya ice nucleating particles (INPs), mvura yemumakore inoomesa chando chete tembiricha iri pasi -38 degrees Celsius. Mhedzisiro yetsvagiridzo iyi yakaburitswa muEnvironmental Research Letters.
'Muchirongwa cheBreathing Nature Cluster of Excellence, takasimudza mubvunzo wekuti izvi zvingaonekwa kunze kwerabhoritari uye takaongorora kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana pairi,' anodaro mumwe munyori, Professor Johannes Quaas. anoshanda saPurofesa weTheoretical Meteorology muLeipzig uye ari mutauriri weBreathing Nature consortium.
Kukosha kwepollen mukugadzira makore
Kana tikatarisa mamiriro epasi rose, pesvedzero yemukume pakuumbwa kweaizi idiki kana tichienzanisa nehuruva, semuenzaniso. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kwaro kwakawanda munzvimbo uye mumwaka. Kunyanya munguva yechirimo, mukume wakawanda unoburitswa mumhepo, uchisvika pamhepo inotonhora.
Kretzschmar inotsanangura kuti nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, Mukume une nguva pfupi mumhepo. 'Tsvakiridzo yedu inoburitsa kukosha kwezvidimbu zvidiki zvekukume, izvo zvinogadzirwa kana mukume ukaparara pasi pemvura. “Izvi zvimedu zvidiki zvinoramba zviri mumhepo kwenguva yakareba uye, kana zviripo muhuwandu hwakakwana, zvinogona kupinda munzvimbo dzinotonhora dzemhepo, nokudaro zvichitanga kuumbwa kweaizi.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunowedzera migumisiro yemukume
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa nevanhu kuri kushandura kutanga kwemwaka wemukume, kuchiwedzera nguva uye kuwedzera mukume mumhepo. Aya mapatani anotarisirwa kuve akanyanya kujeka sezvo zana rinofambira mberi, zvichizotungamira mukuwedzera mune zvese kuwanda uye kusimba kwekunaya kwenzvimbo.
Chimwe chikamu chechidzidzo ichi chinoreva kukosha kwekusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu. Zvisikwa zvakawanda zvinobudisa mukume panguva imwe chete muchirimo chega chega, zvichipesvedzera kuumbwa kwemakore uye kuwanda kwemazaya echando mumhepo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uenderere mberi nekuferefeta kudyidzana uku kunatsiridza kunzwisiswa kwebasa remukume mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye nekuibatanidza mumhando dzemamiriro ekunze dziri kuuya.
Kretzschmar anoti: "Kana tikatevedzera nemazvo magadzirirwo emukume uye kudyidzana kwawo nemamiriro ekunze, tinogona kuvandudza chokwadi chekufungidzira kwedu." Tsvagiridzo iyi yakaitwa pamwe nekubatana neInstitute of Meteorology yeYunivhesiti yeLeipzig, iyo Leibniz Institute yeTropospheric Research (TROPOS), iyo German Center yeIntegrated Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig uye Max Institute Planck yeBiogeochemistry. .
Condensation nuclei
Kunyangwe mukume uchiwanzobatanidzwa nemaitiro ekumesa kwechirimwa uye kusawirirana nezvinokonzeresa, inoitawo basa rakakosha mukuumbwa kwegore. Mbeu dzemukume, pamwe chete nezvikamu zvadzo (zvinozivikanwa sepollen subparticles kana SPP), Ivo vanogona kushanda senge condensation nuclei, ichishanda sehwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwemafure echando kana makore ecirrus., iyo inoumbwa nemvura inopenya.
Chikwata chevatsvagiridzo cheTexas A&M University chakaitwa naBrianna Matthews, Alyssa Alsante, naSarah Brooks vakaongorora mafambiro ekusiyana kwemwando pamukume uye mukume kuburitsa ryegrass (Lolium sp.) uye ragweed (Ambrosia trifida). Pamusoro pezvo, boka rakaongorora basa rezvikamu izvi mukugadzira makore. Zvigumisiro zvekudzidza kwavo zvakaburitswa mu Nyaya yePasi uye Space Chemistry yeAmerican Chemical Society.
Ko mukume ndiwo uri kukonzera kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze?
Kuenderera mberi kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, mhedzisiro yezviito zvevanhu, kuri kukonzera kuwedzera kweavhareji tembiricha yepasirese, iyo inozowedzera nguva yekuburitswa kwepollen. Kana yaratidzwa hunyoro mumhepo, Mbeu dzemukume dzinogona kukoromoka kuita tunhu tudiki-diki tusingasviki micron imwe.
Zvose zviyo zvemukume uye zvimedu zvinokwanisa kuunganidza uye kukonzera nucleation yemadonhwe mukati memhepo. Chiitiko ichi chinotungamira pakusikwa kwemakore akawanda anochengetedza kana kuchengetedza matura emvura. Kunyangwe kuchengetwa kwemvura uku kunogona kubatsira nekuratidzira mwaranzi yezuva ichidzokera muchadenga, zvichikonzera kutonhora kwePasi., zvakare ine mukana wekutora uye kubudisazve kupisa kunobva pamusoro pePasi.
Chiitiko ichi chikamu chemhinduro inobatsira, inozivikanwa se cloud-greenhouse feedback, iyo inobatsira pakuwedzera kwekudziya kwepasi.
Kuongorora kwepollen uye kuenzanisira kwemamiriro ekunze
Kuti vanzwisise kukanganiswa kwehunyoro nemhepo pamukume, vaongorori vakaunganidza sampuli dzemukume kubva kuryegrass uye ragweed, vachivaisa kune akasiyana madhigirii ehunyoro hwemhepo uye kupfupika kwemhepo mukati mekamuri ine zvinhu zvakakwana. Iyi simulation yakagadzirirwa kuberekazve mamiriro anowanikwa munharaunda yechisikigo.
Chikwata chekutsvagisa chakaongorora huwandu hweSPPs hunoenderana nechero mukume tsanga uye nekugona kwavo nucleation. Zvisingatarisirwi, iyo inofungidzirwa SPPs yemiti iyi yakanga yakaderera zvikuru kudarika miedzo yapfuura yakaratidzwa; kunyanya, zviyero zvakawanikwa zviri pakati pe10 ne100 yakakura. Kusawirirana uku mumhedzisiro yekuedzwa kunogona kuve kwakakonzerwa nekushandiswa kwekare kwemaitiro asina kunyatsojeka ekuparadzira mukume uye kugadzira SPP.
Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti mbeu dzemukume dzakakwana, panzvimbo pezvimedu zvakasimba, dzaive dzakanyanya kushanda mukufambisa kuumbwa kwegore. Iwo akadzokororwa maparamita, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwezvimedu zvakaburitswa uye mukume tsanga, Vane mukana wekuvandudza kururamisa kwemhando dzemamiriro ekunze.
