Kubva kare, magineti akamutsa kuda kuziva kwevanhu.. Makampasi, magineti, uye zviitiko zvakaita semwenje yekuchamhembe zvave zviri zvinhu zvekudzidzwa kwemazana emakore. Asi kuseri kwezvinhu izvi zvese, kune simba risingaoneki uye rine simba rakatenderedza pasi redu: Magineti ePasi.
Iyi magineti haisiriyo kiyi yekufambisa kana kutsanangura zvimwe zvechisikigo zviitiko, asi inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hupenyu paPasi. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora zvakadzama kuti chii, kuti inogadzirwa sei, zvii zvikamu zvayo, inoyerwa sei, uye nei ichikosha kupasi redu neavo vanogara mariri.
Chii chinonzi Magnetic field?
El Magineti epasi, inozivikanwawo se munda we geomagnetic, inzvimbo yakatenderedza pasi panogadzirwa masimba emagetsi kubva mukati mekuita. Munda uyu wakafanana newakagadzirwa nemagineti, sezvo une mapango maviri: iyo magnetic north pole y iyo magnetic south pole. Nekudaro, aya magineti mapango haanyatso kupindirana neiyo geographic pole uye, kutaura zvazviri, zvishoma nezvishoma anochinja chinzvimbo nekufamba kwenguva.
Fungidzira denderedzwa hombe rine magineti richitenderera muchadenga.. Izvi, mumashoko akafara, ePasi echisikigo magineti. Enzaniso inonyanyozivikanwa ndeiya yegiganti yemagineti iri pakati penyika, ine simba rinowedzera zviuru zvemakiromita muchadenga.
Iyi magnetic field inobva kupi?
Tsananguro inogamuchirwa zvikuru yekwakabva Magineti ePasi ndiyo inonzi Dynamo theory. Dzidziso iyi inobata kuti, mu Nheyo yekunze yepasi -mutsetse unoumbwa zvakanyanya nesimbi uye nickel munzvimbo yemvura, iri pakati pemakiromita 2900 ne5100 kudzika-, inogadzirwa. convection mafambiro nekuda kwekupisa kwemukati kunokwira kubva pakasimba core.
Aya mafambiro, akasanganiswa ne kutenderera kwepasi, kukonzera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi. Uye zvinoitika izvozvo Magetsi anofamba anoburitsa magineti. Saka, kutenderera kunozvisimbisa, kuburitsa simba remagineti rakakomberedza Nyika. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve kuti munda uyu unoumbwa sei, unogona kushanyira chinyorwa pa chizvarwa chezviedza zvokumusoro.
Ichi chiitiko chinoenderera uye chine simba. Kunyange zvazvo kusimba uye nzira yemunda inoramba yakagadzikana, iripo kusiyana kwenguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu.
Zvikamu zveMagineti yePasi
Magineti ePasi anotsanangurwa ne vector, sezvo ine nhungamiro nerevo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ine akati wandei anoyerwa maitiro:
- Simba rose kana kuwanda kwese (F): ukuru hwemagineti pane imwe nzvimbo yakapihwa.
- Cartesian components (X, Y, Z): inomiririra kusimba kwechamhembe-maodzanyemba, kumabvazuva-kumavirira uye kwakatwasuka nzira, zvichiteerana.
- Yakachinjika chikamu (H): zvichibva kune X uye Y zvikamu.
- Magnetic declination (D): ndiyo kona iri pakati penzvimbo yekuchamhembe uye yemagineti yekuchamhembe.
- Tilt (I): kona pakati pemagineti nenzvimbo yePasi; Yakamira pamatanda uye yakatwasuka paequator.
Chiyero chekuyera chesimba remagineti ndiyo Tesla (T), kunyangwe chikamu ichi chakakura kwazvo kune zviyero izvi, saka iyo nanotesla (nT). PaEquator, munda unosvika anenge 30.000 nT, nepo pamatanda inogona kusvika 60.000 nT. Kuti unzwisise kuti misiyano iyi inobata sei Pasi, unogona kubvunza mhedzisiro yekushandurwa kweZuva remagineti.
Chii chinonzi magnetosphere?
Richienda kure nePasi, simba remagineti rinopa nzvimbo inozivikanwa se magnetosphere. Nzvimbo iyi inoshanda sea rusvingo runodzivirira pamusoro pezuva uye cosmic mwaranzi. Kunyanya, inobata zvinopesana neakachajwa particles anouya kubva ku mhepo yezuva, kudzivirira kuti dzisakanganisa zvakananga mhepo yepasi.
Iyo magnetosphere ine chimiro cheasymmetric, chakanyanya kudzvanywa padivi rePasi rakatarisana neZuva uye yakawanda yakawedzerwa kune yakatarisana. Kana solar particles ichipindirana nemagnetic field, inogona kukonzera zvinoshamisa zviitiko senge Mwenje yeKumaodzanyemba neMaodzanyemba Mwenje. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve maumbirwo aya auroras, tinokurudzira kushanya chinyorwa pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemwenje yekuchamhembe.
Zviedza zveMaodzanyemba: Magnetic Spectacular
mukurumbira auroras inocherechedzwa munzvimbo dzepolar, imhedzisiro yakananga yekudyidzana pakati pe mhepo yezuva uye Magineti ePasi. Kana zvimedu izvi zvine simba zvakanyanya zvasvika kune magnetosphere, zvinotakurwa zvichitevedza mitsetse yemagineti kuenda kumatanda. Ikoko, dzinobonderana nemaatomu ari muchadenga, dzichibudisa zviedza zvemavara akasiyana-siyana mudenga.
Zviedza izvi zvinosiyana-siyana mumumvuri wegirinhi, tsvuku, violet, kana bhuruu uye zvinogona kunyatsoonekwa munzvimbo dzakaita seNorway, Canada, kana kumaodzanyemba kweArgentina neChile. Zvakare, kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve ichangoburwa show, unogona kutarisa Iyo inoshamisa yeNorth Lights dutu muCanada.
Nhoroondo yekudzidza kweterrestrial magnetism
Magnetism yave iri nyaya yekudzidza kwemazana emakore. MaChinese aitoziva magineti emagetsi emagnetite kare nguva yedu isati yasvika. MuMiddle Ages, makampasi ekutanga akagadzirwa, ayo aive akakosha pakuvandudza mafambiro emugungwa.
Muna 1600, musayendisiti wechiRungu William Gilbert Akaburitsa "De Magnete", kwaakaronga kuti Nyika iite semagineti hombe. Iri basa rakaratidza kuzvarwa kwesainzi yemagnetism saizvozvo.
Gare gare, muna 1838, nyanzvi yemasvomhu yeGermany Carl Friedrich Gauss Akagadzira dzidziso yakadzama yeMagineti ePasi, achiratidza kuti matangiro aro ari mukati mepasi. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwekuti kudzidza kwemagnetism kwakachinja sei, unogona kuverenga nezvazvo Magineti ePasi.
Kusiyana kwemagnetic field
Magineti epasi haina kumira. Kune misiyano ese ari maviri zuva nezuva (nesimba rakananga reZuva), sea kwenguva refu, inozivikanwa se kusiyana kwenyika, iyo inosanganisira kuchinja kwepole uye kuchinja kwesimba.
Asi chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufadza ndezvekuti, nguva nenguva, iyo magnetic field zvizere mari. Ndiko kuti, magnetic north pole inova danda rezasi uye zvakasiyana. Are geomagnetic reversals zvakanyorwa mumatombo, kunyanya mumaminerari akadai semagnetite. Iyo ichangobva kuzivikanwa investimendi ndiyo inonzi Chiitiko cheBrunhes-Matuyama, zvakaitika makore anenge 780.000 XNUMX apfuura. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve chiitiko ichi, unogona kushanya ruzivo nezve magnetic pole reversals.
Magineti ePasi anoyerwa sei?
Nhasi, simba reMagineti rePasi rinogona kuyerwa pachishandiswa tekinoroji dzakasiyana siyana. Nzira huru ndeidzi:
- Proton magnetometers: Vanoyera kusimba kwemunda kuburikidza nemaitiro emaproton mukati mechimwe chinhu.
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnetometers: Vanopa kuverenga chaiko kunoenderana neresonance yeatomu nuclei.
- Ma satellite ekugadzira: sezviya zve European Space Agency (ESA), izvo zvinotarisa pasi rose kubva muchadenga.
- Geophysical observatories: yakagoverwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakatenderedza pasirese kuti uwane zviyero zvinoenderera uye kuona zvinokanganisa.
Zviyero zvesimba remumunda zvakakosha kuti unzwisise maitiro ayo uye kuti zvingakanganisa sei Nyika. Neiyi nzira, unogona kuongorora kuti Zuva rinokanganisa sei magineti ePasi, musoro waunogona kuverenga zvakanyanya pa. chinyorwa pamusoro pekushanda kweZuva pane magnetic field.
Nei simba reMagineti rePasi richikosha zvakadaro?
Simba reMagineti rePasi harisi rekuda kuziva zvesainzi chete. Kuvapo kwayo kunobvumira upenyu, sezvatinohuziva, kuti husimbe panyika. Anozviita sei?
- Dziviriro kubva mumwaranzi yezuva: inodzivirira mhepo kuti isakanganiswa nemhepo yezuva, kuchengetedza mamiriro anobvumira hupenyu kuti huvepo.
- Navigation: Yakashandiswa kwemazana emakore kutungamira ngarava nendege, uye nanhasi inotora chikamu chechipiri mumafambisirwo emazuva ano ekufambisa.
- Batsira mhuka dzinotamaMhuka dzakawanda, dzakaita seshiri, kamba nemhungu, dzinoshandisa simba remagineti kuti dzitarise padzinenge dzichifamba.
- Geological researchNekudzidza paleomagnetism, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti munda wachinja sei kwemamiriyoni emakore, izvo zvinopawo ruzivo nezve maitiro epakati pePasi uye nepakati penyika.
Ukama huri pakati pemagineti nehupenyu hwePasi hunofadza. Kutaura idi, mamwe marudzi akakudziridza mano oku magnetoreception, ndiko kuti, kukwanisa kuona simba reMagineti rePasi kuti rizvitungamirire. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai se shiri dzinotama, whale nekamba, vanoishandisa kufamba nzendo refu uye kutsvaka nzvimbo dzokuvakira kana kuti dzokudyira. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve chiitiko ichi, unogona kuverenga nezvazvo Zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro peNorthern Lights.
Nekuda kwesimba reMagineti rePasi, Nyika inodzivirirwa kubva kumwaranzi yezuva inogona kupedza hupenyu sezvatinoiziva.. Mabviro ayo mukatikati mepasi, pesvedzero yaro pakufamba, hukama hwayo nezviitiko zvechisikigo senge aurora, uye mabatiro ayo pakufamba kwemhuka ndizvo zvimwe zvezvikonzero nei chiri chidzidzo chinonakidza uye chakakosha pakudzidza.
