Magineti epasi Isimba risingaoneki, asi rinokosha kuupenyu sezvatinohuziva. Inotidzivirira pamwaranzi yezuva, inopesvedzera nzira dzokufamba nadzo, uye ine mukati memisiyano yayo nhoroondo inofadza izere nezvakavanzika, dzidziso, uye ngano idzo dzakashamisa masayendisiti kwemazana emakore. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvebasa rayo rekudzivirira, unogona kuverenga nezvazvo iyo cosmic nhovo yemagnetic field.
Kunyange tikasazviona, zvinogara zviripo. Kubva kumakampasi ekutanga echiChinese kusvika kumasetelliti emazuva ano, kudzidza kwegeomagnetic munda kwave kwakakosha pakunzwisisa pasi redu nemamiriro ekunze, geological, uye biological nhoroondo. Asi munda uyu unobvepi chaizvo? Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunogona kukanganisa mamiriro okunze kana kukonzera njodzi here? Muchinyorwa chino, tichaburitsa zvese izvi misoro nehwaro hwesainzi uye tisingashandisi dzidziso dzekurangana.
Chii chinonzi Magnetic field uye chinotangira sei?
El Magineti epasi (inozivikanwawo segeomagnetic field) inzvimbo yechadenga inotongwa nemasimba emagineti anogadzirwa mukati mepakati pePasi. Kunyangwe kwemazana emakore zvaifungidzirwa kuti pakati penyika pane magineti yakakura, nhasi zvinozivikanwa kuti. Munda uyu chigadzirwa chekufamba kwesimbi dzemvura nechekunze, kunyanya iron uye nickel. Kuti uwane tsananguro yakadzama yekuti inoshanda sei, ona Chii chinonzi Magnetic field uye chinoshanda sei?.
Chiitiko ichi chinozivikanwa se dynamo effect. Mukutaura, kupisa kubva pakati kunokonzera convective kufamba musimbi yakanyungudutswa, iyo, pamwe chete nekutenderera kwePasi, inogadzira magetsi emagetsi. Mafungu aya anozoburitsawo magineti. Iyo inzira yakaoma, inofananidzwa nekushanda kwebhasikoro dynamo, asi pachiyero chepuraneti.
Iyi ndima ine chimiro che dipole (mapango maviri: maodzanyemba nezasi) akafanana neachinyakare magineti. Nekudaro, haina kunyatso kuenderana nePasi inotenderera axis, uye magineti mapango anochinja nekufamba kwenguva. Parizvino, iyo magnetic north pole iri kufamba kubva kuCanada kuenda kuSiberia pamwero wekukurumidza.
Zvikamu uye chimiro chemunda
Magineti epanyika haana kufanana. Inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru:
- Munda wemukati: inogadzirwa mumukati wekunze, inomiririra zvinopfuura 90% yemunda wese.
- Nzvimbo yekunze: kupesvedzerwa nekudyidzana nemhepo yezuva, inopa kusimuka kune magnetosphere.
- Local anomalies: zvinokonzerwa nemagineti matombo ari muPasi, anobatsira mune zvekuchera matongo kana geology.
Chimiro chayo chinokanganiswa nemhepo yezuva, saka panzvimbo yekuve denderedzwa, iyo magnetosphere yakaita se teardrop. Inotsikirirwa kudivi rakatarisana neZuva uye inotambanuka semuswe kune rimwe divi. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kusangana uku, unogona kuverenga nezvazvo Kuti Zuva rinokanganisa sei simba reMagineti rePasi.
Geomagnetic reversals: riini uye nei zvichiitika?
Munhoroondo yose ye geological, Magineti ePasi akachinja nzira kakawanda. Chiitiko ichi, chinonzi polarity reversal, chinoitika kana magineti mapango ekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba. Haisi chinhu chiriporipocho, asi chinogona kugara zviuru zvemakore.
Kudzokororwa kwekupedzisira kunozivikanwa kwakaitika makore angangoita 780.000 apfuura (chiitiko cheBrunhes-Matuyama). Nhare dzinozivikanwa zvakare geomagnetic excursions, zvakadai sokudengenyeka kwepasi kweLaschamps makore 42.000 XNUMX apfuura, apo munda wakangoerekana wadonha musimba uye mapango akachinja kwekanguva kwemazana emakore mashomanana, asati adzokera kunzvimbo yawo yepakutanga. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve ma investments aya, tarisa Chii chinoitika kana matanda eMagineti ePasi adzokera kumashure?.
Ko mari iyi inokanganisa mamiriro ekunze kana hupenyu?
Kunyangwe vazhinji ve theorists vakaedza kubatanidza iyi mari nezviitiko zvakaita se kutsakatika kukuru, mazaya echando, kana kuchinja kukuru kwemamiriro ekunze, ufakazi hwazvino hwesayenzi hahutsigire zvakasimba.
Ongororo ichangoburwa yeLaschamps excursion inoratidza kuti inogona kunge yakabatana nekudonha kweiyo magnetic field, ichibvumira kuwedzera kwezuva uye cosmic mwaranzi, inokanganisa ozone layer uye kushandura mamiriro ekunze. Nekudaro, mamwe masayendisiti akadai saGavin Schmidt weNASA anonongedza izvozvo Hapana hukama hwakananga uye hwekupedzisira hwawanikwa pakati pekuchinja kwemagineti uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pasi rose..
Kunyangwe mukati memakore 2,8 miriyoni apfuura, hapana humbowo hwakajeka hunobatanidza shanduko ye geomagnetic kune yakakosha shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Kuti utarise zvakadzama mumhedzisiro inogona kuitika yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, ona Ndeapi mhedzisiro yesimba reMagineti reZuva rave pedyo nekudzokera kumashure?.
Iyo magnetosphere: nhovo yehupenyu
Rimwe remabasa akanyanya kukosha eiyo magnetic field Inoshanda sechidziviriro kubva kune cosmic radiation. Inobvisa zvinhu zvinochajiswa kubva kuzuva nenzvimbo yakadzika, kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze, kunyanya ozone layer.
Kana zvimedu izvi zvabonderana nemhepo, zvinoburitsa zvinooneka zvinoshamisa: zviedza zvekumusoro nezasi. Kunyange zvazvo yakanaka, imhaka yekudyidzana kwakasimba uko, pasina simba remagineti, kunogona kukuvadza hupenyu. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve maumbirwo aya auroras, shanya kuti zviedza zvekuchamhembe zvinogadzirwa sei.
Basa remagnetic field mukufambisa uye nhoroondo yevanhu
Kwemakore anopfuura 2.000, budiriro dzakashandisa Earth's magnetism pakufamba. MuChina, magineti emhando yemaminerari akadai semagnetite akange atozivikanwa. Gare gare manhamba saWilliam Gilbert muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX akabatsira kubatanidza pfungwa yePasi segineti hombe rakatenderera.
Kambasi, iyo inonongedzera kumagnetic north, yave ichikosha pakuongorora, kutengeserana, uye geography. Nekudaro, sezvo iyo magineti yekuchamhembe isingaenderane neiyo geographic kuchamhembe, iyo pfungwa ye magnetic kuderera kugadzirisa zviyero, izvo zvakakosha kunyange nhasi, kunyanya kana chiitiko chekutadza kwedhijitari system. Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekukosha kwechiitiko ichi mukufambisa mune chinyorwa nezve Magineti ePasi.
Ngano uye kurangana dzidziso pamusoro pemagineti
Dzidziso dzakawanda dzisina hwaro hwesainzi dzakatenderera pasocial media dzichiti shanduko mundima yemagineti inokonzeresa njodzi, kutsakatika, kana kuseri kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Imwe yedzidziso idzi inozivikanwa se "Nyaya yaAdhamu naEvha," yakakurudzirwa naChan Thomas muna 1965 uye ichangobva kumutsidzirwa pamapuratifomu seTikTok.
Dzidziso iyi inoratidza izvozvo Geomagnetic reversals yakakonzera kutsakatika kwese budiriro uye kuti takatarisana nechiitiko chiri pedyo. Nekudaro, nzanga yesainzi inoramba idzi pfungwa nekuda kwekushaiwa hwaro hwakasimba.
Maererano nenyanzvi, Pasi rine maitiro echisikigo anoramba achichengetedza hupenyu kunyange panguva yekuchinja kwepole. Mhepo, somuenzaniso, inoramba ichivhara yakawanda yemwaranzi, kunyange zvazvo simba remagineti rakapera simba. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve mashandiro anoita magineti uye nemhedzisiro yawo, ona chinyorwa pa Space hurricanes uye magnetic field.
Kukosha kwesainzi uye mashandisirwo anoshanda
Kudzidza kwemagnetic field hakusi kungoshanda kunzwisisa zvekare, asiwo kune kushandiswa kwemazuva ano mune zvekuchera matongo, migodhi uye kunyange climatology. Magnetometry inoshandiswa kuona mamineral deposits kana zvivakwa zvakavigwa kuburikidza nekukanganisa kudiki kwazvinokonzeresa muNyika yemagineti.
Mukuwedzera, the magineti kurekodha mumatombo kana sediments Inotibvumira kumisikidza geological chronologies uye kudzidza tectonic mafambiro, ichipa yakakosha data pamusoro pekushanduka kwePasi nemakondinendi ayo. Kuburikidza nekufambira mberi mukudzidza nezvemhepo, zvakawanda zvezvakavanzika zvepasi redu zvakafumurwa.
Tinotenda kumishini yakaita seSwarm satellite yakatangwa neEuropean Space Agency, isu tine ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pekusiyana kwemunda, izvo zvinotibvumira kunyatso gadzirisa iyo yepasi rose magineti modhi.
Simba reMagineti rePasi, pasina kupokana, chinhu chakakosha mukunzwisisa zvese zviri kuitika pasirese nenhoroondo yaro. Mabviro ayo, akavakirwa pakufamba kwakaoma kwemukati kweiyo nucleus, inogadzira chimiro chine simba, chinokwanisa kushandura uye kusiyanisa nekufamba kwenguva, asi nebasa rekudzivirira rakakosha kune hupenyu. Kunyange zvazvo ongororo yaro ichiri kupa zvisingazivikanwe, kufambira mberi kwesainzi kwakabvumira ngano zhinji kuti dzibviswe. Nhasi tinogona kusimbisa kuti, kure nekuva chiratidzo chenjodzi, kuchinja kwemaitiro emagnetic field ndeimwe chiratidzo chehupenyu hunoshanda hwepasi redu.
