Mune imwe yenzvimbo dzinoshomeka papasi, iyo Allan Hills, timu yepasi rese yatora zvimedu zveaizi nemweya wakavharirwa wezera rakasiyana. Ichi chinyorwa, chakanangana nemazuva, chinoita senge chando chekare chazivikanwa kusvika parizvino muAntarctica.
Tsvagiridzo, yakaburitswa muPNAS uye ichitungamirwa neCOLDEX consortium nekutora chikamu kwenyanzvi kubva kumayunivhesiti eAmerica, inobatsira. umboo hwakananga nezvemamiriro ekunze emamiriyoni emakore apfuura uye inovhura nzira nyowani dzekunzwisisa kuti mazaya echando uye mwero wegungwa anopindura sei kune kwenguva refu tembiricha shanduko.
Chii chakawanikwa uye nei chakakosha?
Mienzaniso yakatorwa ine fossilized air bubbles zvinochengetedza kuumbwa kwemhepo kubva kumakore anosvika mamiriyoni matanhatu apfuura, nguva ine tembiricha yepamusoro yepasi rose uye mwero wegungwa wakakwira kupfuura nhasi.
Iyi mhepo yekare inobvumira kuyerwa kwegasi uye zviratidzo zve isotopic, kushandura chikamu chimwe nechimwe chechando kuita rudzi hwindo rakananga kumhepo yakapfuura pasina kuvimba nehumbowo husina kunanga.
Kunyangwe ivo vasingaite rekodhi inoenderera, masampuli anoumba a "raibhurari" yezviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze iyo inowedzera zvakanyanya kuverenga nguva kwakafukidzwa nechando cores inozivikanwa kusvika zvino.
Kubva pakuona kwesainzi, kuva nemhepo yakadaro yekare yakavharidzirwa kunobvumira kuenzanisa mazinga apfuura emagasi egreenhouse uye tembiricha mapatani neazvino kugadzirisa mafungidziro emhando.
Iri basa rakarongedzerwa neCOLDEX nevaongorori vakaita saSarah Shackleton (Woods Hole) naJohn Higgins (Princeton), aine kutsigira kwekushandisa kweU.S. Antarctic Program uye core drilling uye kurapa nzvimbo.
Nei Allan Hills achichengetedza aizi yekare kudaro?
Iyo Allan Hills Blue Ice Zone inosanganisa makomo enzvimbo, glacial inoyerera inofumura mitsetse yekare uye mhepo ine simba inotsvaira sinou ichangopfuura, zvinhu zvinoita kuti kuchengetedzwa kwechando chekare zvikuru pedyo nepamusoro.
Iyi gadziriso inobvumira kudzoreredzwa kwezvinhu zvinoenderana nekuchera pakati 100 uye 200 metres kudzika, kure nemamita anopfuura 2 000 anodiwa mukati menyika kuti vawane zvinyorwa zvinopfuurira.
Izvo zvakanyanya mamiriro enclave-inopfuurira mhepo uye kutonhora kunoita kuti aizi inonoke kusvika yamira— vanoita kuti basa remumunda riome, asi ndizvo zvaita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana matinji ekare aya.
Zvikwata zvakachengetedza mishandirapamwe kwemwedzi yakawanda munzvimbo dziri kure, zvichisarudza nzvimbo dzinosundirwa nechando zvinhu zvekare zvakatarisa pamusoro uye inofambisa kupinda nekuchera kwakadzika.
Mukuwirirana, nzvimbo dzakaonekwa ne shallow basal ice ane mabviro uye zera chairo riri kudzidzwa, pamwe zvine chekuita nekufambira mberi kwekare kweEast Antarctic ice sheet.
Kuti chando chakaitwa sei uye kuti chinoratidzei
Chikwata chakanyorera kufambidzana kwakananga neisotope yeinokudzwa gasi argon kuyerwa mumhepo yakavharirwa, hunyanzvi hunonzvenga fungidziro kubva kumarara kana maumbirwo anoenderana.
Uyezve, zviyero zve okisijeni isotopes muchando ratidza a kutonhora kunofambira mberi inenge 12°C munharaunda mukati memakore mamiriyoni matanhatu apfuura.
Iyi ndiyo yekutanga fungidziro yakananga yehukuru hwekuderera uku muAntarctica mukati menguva yakareba kudaro, chirevo chakakosha che kuisa kudziya kwazvino muchirevo and the kunyungudika kwechando cheArctic uye kugadzikana kwemazaya echando.
Nzira yekushandisa mamiriro ekunze "snapshots" inozadzisa zvinyorwa zvinoramba zvichienderera mberi, zvinopa data yakakosha yenhoroondo izvo zvinobatsira kuvakazve chimiro chemuchadenga munguva dzekudziya dzekare.
Iyi data inoshandiswa kugadzirisa sei CO2 uye methane mazinga akasiyana and the kudziya kwegungwazvakakosha parameters mukunzwa kwemamiriro ekunze.
Zvinoreva kuEurope uye kutsvagisa kwepasirese
Kuwanikwa kweAllan Hills kunouya mukufambirana neEuropean deep-ice kuedza uko kwakawedzera marekodhi anoenderera kusvika. makore mamiriyoni 1,2, mitsetse yebasa inopindirana uye inosimbisa mumwe nomumwe.
KuSpain neEurope, kuve neakareba uye akanyatso kutevedzana anovandudza fungidziro yezinga regungwa muAtlantic neMediterranean uye kuongororwa kwengozi dzegungwa, kupa ruzivo rwakananga pamusoro pemhinduro ye cryosphere kune mamiriro okunze anodziya.
Chii chasara kupindurwa uye ndeapi matanho anotevera?
Vatsvagiri parizvino vakatarisana nekujekesa kuti ndeipi musanganiswa wetopography, mhepo, uye thermal regime inobvumira aizi yekare kudaro kurarama pedyo nepamusoro.
Mishandirapamwe yekuchera mitsva yakarongwa kuAllan Hills, uye ongororo yenguva refu yakarongerwa 2026-2031 nechinangwa che kuwedzera kuwedzera kunyoresa kwenguva pfupi uye gadzirisa kugadzirisa kweiyo snapshots.
Kana magasi akavharirwa mumasamples aya achikwanisa kufananidzwa nemazinga azvino nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro, sainzi ichave nayo empirical references kusimbisa modhi uye kumanikidza kushanduka kweramangwana reAntarctic ice sheet.
Ichando chakafukunurwa muAllan Hills hachingobati chete kufema kwePasi rinodziya, rinopawo zviratidzo zvakakosha pakududzira ramangwana redu remamiriro ekunze uye gadzira mitemo yekugadziridza inoenderana nezviripo.
