Muchadenga wePasi chinhu chinokosha paupenyu huri panyika yedu. Haisi kutipa chete okisijeni kuti tinofema, asiwo anotidzivirira kubva kune mwaranzi yezuva uye inobatsira kugadzirisa tembiricha. Nekuda kwekuumbwa kwayo uye magadzirirwo, tinogona kunakidzwa nemamiriro ekunze akagadzikana uye mamiriro anodiwa pakuvandudza ecosystem.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora zvakadzama zvikamu zvemhepo, yayo makemikari uye kukosha kwayo kuhupenyu hwePasi. Imwe neimwe yezvikamu izvi ine hunhu hwakasiyana uye inoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira nekuchengetedza pasi redu. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani nyaya iyi inonakidza, unogona kuverenga nezve kuumbwa kwemuchadenga.
Chii chiri mhepo?
Mhepo (atmosphere) ihamvuropu ine gasi yakatenderedza Nyika uye inobatwa pamwechete nemhepo kukweva kwegiravhiti. Kuumbwa kwayo kwakashanduka kwemamiriyoni emakore, zvichiva kuenzana kwemagasi atinoziva nhasi. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kuumbwa kwemhepo, tinokurudzira kuti urambe uchiverenga.
Basa rayo rakakosha: rinotidzivirira kubva cosmic mwaranzi, inobvumira kuvapo kwe hydrological kutenderera uye inobatsira pakugoverwa kwe kupisa panyika. Pasina mhepo yakapoteredza pasi, upenyu sezvatinoziva hwaisazobvira.
Kuumbwa kwemuchadenga
Mhepo inoumbwa nemusanganiswa we Gasi, kazhinji:
- Nitrogen (N₂): Inomiririra iyo 78% kubva kumhepo uye yakakosha kune zvipenyu kutenderera.
- Okisijeni (O₂): Zvinoumba iyo 21% uye yakakosha pakufema kwezvisikwa zvipenyu.
- Argon (Ar):Ne a 0,93%, igasi rinenge risina simba rakananga paupenyu.
- Carbon dioxide (CO₂): Inomiririra chete iyo 0,04%, asi yakakosha kuphotosynthesis uye greenhouse effect.
- Mamwe magasi: Zvakadai seneon, helium, methane uye mhute yemvura, muzvikamu zvishoma.
Aya magasi haana kugovaniswa zvakaenzana muzvikamu zvese zvemhepo. Sezvatinokwira, the kuumbwa anowanzo chinja, aine mamwe magasi anotonga panzvimbo dzakasiyana. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti tembiricha inosiyana sei nekukwirira, unogona kuverenga nezve kusiyana kwekushisa.
Matunhu emhepo
Mhepo yemhepo yakakamurwa kuita zvidimbu zvakati maererano nekusiyana kwetembiricha nehurefu. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine hunhu chaihwo uye chinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza pasi.
Troposphere
Ndiyo yakaderera layer yemhepo uye inonyanya kukosha muupenyu. Inotambanukira kubva paPasi kusvika painoda kusvika 10-15 km yokukwirira. Iro rine magasi mazhinji ari mumhepo uye ndipo panoitika zvinhu zvakawanda zvemamiriro ekunze, zvakaita semvura, madutu, nemhepo.
Stratosphere
Iri pakati pe 15 uye 50 km kureba, iyo stratosphere inozivikanwa kugamuchira iyo ozone rukoko, iyo inodzivirira Pasi kubva pamwaranzi yezuva ultraviolet. Muchikamu ichi, tembiricha inowedzera nekukwirira nekuda kwekutorwa kwemwaranzi yeUV ne ozone. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve mabatiro aya dhizaini, shanyira chinyorwa chedu pa chimiro chemhepo.
Mesosphere
Icho chiri pakati pe 50 uye 85 km. Ndiyo nzvimbo inotonhora zvikuru yemhepo, ine tembiricha inogona kudzikira -80 ° C. Munharaunda iyi, meteorites anowanzo parara kana asangana nemhepo.
Thermosphere
Sezvo iyo 85 kusvika 500 km, thermosphere inzvimbo iyo tembiricha inowedzera zvakare, ichisvika pa 1.500 ° C. Apa ndipo pane Aurora borealis uye nzira dzekutenderera dzinowanikwa satellite and the International Space Chiteshi. Iwe unogona kuwana zvimwe nezve chiitiko ichi mune chinyorwa pane Mwenje yekuchamhembe.
Exosphere
Ndiwo denga rekunze remhepo, richibva ku 500? km kusvikira iyo 10.000? km yokukwirira. Munharaunda iyi, magasi akaparadzirwa zvakanyanya uye kuchinjika kuenda kunze kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kukosha kwemhepo
Mamiriro ekunze anoita basa rinokosha pakugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze uye kudzivirira zvisikwa zvipenyu. Pakati pemabasa ayo anonyanya kukosha ndeaya:
- Dziviriro kubva mumwaranzi yezuvaIyo ozone layer inovhara yakawanda inokuvadza UV mwaranzi.
- thermal regulation: Inobatsira kuchengetedza tembiricha yakagadzikana paPasi kuburikidza negreenhouse effect.
- Inobvumira kufema: Ine okisijeni inodiwa kuhupenyu hwemhuka nezvirimwa.
- Inofambisa kutenderera kwemvura: The troposphere inobvumira kubuda kwemvura, condensation uye kunaya kwemvura.
Muchadenga chinhu chakakosha pahupenyu hwePasi. Inotidzivirira kubva kungozi dzemuchadenga, inobvumira mamiriro ekunze kukura, uye inopa oxygen yatinoda pakufema. Kuti uongorore zvakawanda nezvekukosha kwemhepo, unogona kushanyira chinyorwa chedu pa greenhouse effect. Imwe neimwe yezvikamu zvayo inobatsira zvakasiyana pakuenzanisa kwepasi, kuve nechokwadi chemamiriro akanaka ekuvapo kwezvisikwa zvipenyu.
