Saturn, Ishe weRings of the solar system, haamboregi kutishamisa. Kunyangwe yave iri nyaya yekudzidza kwemakumi emakore, tsvakiridzo yechangobva kuitika yakafumura chiitiko chisingatarisirwi uye chinonakidza: mhete dzayo dzine mukurumbira hadzingoshongedze pasi chete, asiwo zvakare. kushandura uye kudziyisa mamiriro ayo epamusoro. Kuwanikwa kunonyora zvakare zvataiziva kusvika zvino nezvenyika yechipiri pakukura musolar system.
Chiitiko ichi, icho chaive chisina kucherechedzwa kwemakumi emakore, chakasimbiswa nekuda kwekubatana pakati peNASA akati wandei neESA mamishini emuchadenga. Chinokosha chave chiri muzviyero zve ultraviolet mwaranzi uye kuti rinoratidza sei shanduko mukuumbwa uye tembiricha yemhepo yeSaturn. Zvese zvinoratidza kuti zvidimbu zvidiki kubva muzvindori zviri kuyerera papasi, zvichichinja chimiro chayo chemuchadenga.
Saturn: hofori yegasi ine hunhu hwakasiyana
Iine inomisikidza mhete sisitimu uye vhoriyamu inoita kuti ive yechipiri pakukura kwepasi mune solar system, Saturn inzvimbo yechokwadi colossus. Inowanikwa makiromita 1.426 bhiriyoni kubva kuZuva uye dhayamita ye equatorial inodarika makiromita 120.000. Yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya ne hydrogen uye helium, inoshaya nzvimbo yakasimba. Zvakadaro, pane fungidziro yekuti simbi yakasimba, nickel, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinorema inogona kuwanikwa mukudzika kwayo.
Mhepo yaro, inozungunutswa nemhepo ine simba inosvika 1.800 km/h, inoratidza mabhandi anooneka e beige, yero uye grey, kwaanoumba. madutu makuru uye asingafungidzike. Chimwe chezviitiko zvinonyanya kufadza zvakaonekwa ndeye hexagoni padanda rayo rokumusoro, chimiro chakagadzikana chinoumbwa nejet inogara ichitenderera yemhepo.
Zvindori zveSaturn: kuumbwa, chimiro, uye zvakavanzika
Zvindori zvinomwe zvikuru zveSaturn, zvakasarudzwa A, B, C, D, E, F uye G, Haana kuiswa muhurongwa hwearufabheti maererano nedaro rayo kubva pasi, asi maererano nekuwanikwa kwayo. Ivo vanonyanya kugadzirwa zvidimbu zveaizi, matombo neguruva, dzimwe dzine hukuru hushoma, uye dzimwe dzakakura segomo. Zvimedu izvi zvinotenderera Saturn nemazvo zvinokatyamadza, zvichigadzira chitarisiko chisingaenzaniswi nechadenga.
Zvinoenderana neazvino data, zvindori hazviperi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vakaumba pakati 10 uye 100 mamiriyoni emakore apfuura, uye kuti vaigona kunyangarika anenge mamiriyoni 300 makore nokuda inonzi "mhete mvura" chiitiko, umo zvinhu kubva mhete anowira kupasi nokuda kwegiravhiti uye electromagnetic simba.
Kuwanikwa kusingatarisirwi: zvindori zvinopisa mhepo yeSaturn
Kweanopfuura makore 40, vazivi venyeredzi nevanoongorora nyeredzi vakafuratira chimwe chinhu chinokosha. Kupindira kwomuzivi wenyeredzi kwakanga kuri madikanwa Lotfi Ben-Jaffel uye makore ekuunganidza data kusimbisa izvozvo Mhete idzi dziri kupa kupisa mumhepo yepasi. Chiitiko chitsva zvachose muzuva.
Zvese zvakatanga kana kuwanda kwe ultraviolet mwaranzi iyo yakazviratidza semutsara unotaridzika wehydrogen inopisa. Kusagadzikana uku kwakatorwa nezviridzwa zviri mubhodhi mamisheni akadai Voyager 1 uye 2, Cassini, International Ultraviolet Explorer, uye Hubble Space Telescope.
Mushure mekuenzanisa nekuenzanisa data pamusoro pemakumi matatu emakore, zvakatemwa kuti iyi UV kubuda kwakaramba kuripo, kutonga kunze kwekuchinja kwezuva uye kunongedza zvakananga kune zviitiko zvemukati paSaturn. Tsananguro inowirirana zvikuru ndeyokuti Guruva nemazaya echando kubva mumarin'i, nekudonha pamalatitudes chaiwo, zviri kushandura kuumbwa uye tembiricha yemhepo..
Kuti tsvagiridzo yakaitwa sei uye ndeapi mamishini akabatanidzwa
Chidzidzo chakatungamirwa naBen-Jaffel chaida kubatanidzwa kwedata kubva kune dzakawanda nzvimbo mishoni. Mumwe nemumwe wavo akapa chikamu chakakosha papuzzle:
- Voyager 1 uye 2: Vakatanga kuona kuwedzera kwemwaranzi ye ultraviolet panguva yekupfuura kwavo neSaturn muma80.
- International Ultraviolet Explorer: Yakapa kutarisa kweUV kubva 1978 zvichienda mberi.
- TEL Hubble: Its imaging spectrograph (STIS) yakabatsira mukugadzirisa data yekare uye itsva.
- Cassini: Basa rakazara kwazvo, rinoshanda kubva muna 2004 kusvika 2017, uko rakanyura mumhepo yepasi pakupera kwehupenyu hwayo.
Pane imwe nguva iyo ultraviolet chiedza spectra yakaenzaniswa pakati pemishoni, a kuwirirana kwakakwana pakati pe data. Kubatana uku kwaive humbowo hwekuti kuwanda kwemwaranzi kwaisava kugadzirwa kana kukanganisa kwekuyera, asi chiitiko chechokwadi mukati meSaturn.
Chii chaizvo chinokonzera kupisa uku?
Ongororo yacho inoratidza kuti kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakawanda iri seri kwekudziya kwemuchadenga uku:
- Micrometeorite kukanganisa izvo zvinozunza zvimedu kubva muzvindori.
- Solar mhepo iyo inosunda huruva yechando yakananga kuSaturn.
- Ultraviolet mwaranzi kubva kuZuva iyo inofadza zvimedu zvemhete, inogadzira kusangana kwemakemikari.
- Electromagnetic forces izvo zvinokweva zvimedu zvakachajiwa kuenda kupasi.
Zvimedu zvese izvi zvinopinda mumhepo yeSaturn muchimiro che a mapopoma enguva dzose, kunyanya kukanganisa atomic hydrogen. Kudyidzana uku kunoshandura kuumbwa uye kunogadzira a kuyerwa kuwedzera tembiricha pakakwirira chaipo.
Mashandisirwo emangwana: Tinogona kuona exoplanets nemhete?
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufadza zvekuwanikwa uku ndiko kugona kushandisa kwayo mu tsvaga exoplanets. Maererano naBen-Jaffel, kana tikakwanisa kuona kuwandisa kwakafanana kwemwaranzi yeultraviolet kune mamwe mapuraneti ari kure kure nenyeredzi, tinogona kufungidzira kuvapo kwemhete seSaturn.
Kuwana uku kunovhura musuwo wemhando itsva yekudzidza inozivikanwa se tsvaga 'exorings', izvo zvingave zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise kushanduka-shanduka kwemapuraneti kune imwe nzvimbo muchadenga uye kudyidzana kuri pakati pemhepo yepasi nezvinhu zvakaipoteredza.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuferefeta kwakafanana kubva kuCassini mission kwakaona izvozvo Zvimedu izvi zvinogona kunge zvine organic zvinhu, iyo inomutsa mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro pekwakabva uye mukana wekuti zvinhu zvakaoma zvinogona kunge zviripo mukugadzirwa kwezvindori kana pamwedzi yakadai seEnceladus kana Titan.
Saturn, pasinei nekuve imwe yemapuraneti akanyanya kudzidza, inoramba ichipa zvinoshamisa zvehukuru hwe cosmic. Mhedzisiro yemhete dzayo pamhepo yayo haingopedzi mhando dzakapfuura dzemaitiro epasi, asi inogona zvakare kuve kiyi yekuona masisitimu akafanana mune mamwe makona enzvimbo. Icho chaimboratidzika sechishongo chakapfava chenyeredzi zvino chinoziviswa kuva chiitiko chemuviri chakaoma kunzwisisa, chizere nezvinorehwa neastrophysics yemazuva ano.
