El Arctic Ndiyo imwe yematunhu akanyanya kubatwa ne kupisa kwepasi pose, chiitiko chiri kuchinja zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu uye upenyu muchikamu chino chepasi. Mumakore achangopfuura, Arctic yakaona kurasikirwa kunotyisa kweaizi, chiratidzo chakajeka chekukwira kwekushisa. Semuenzaniso, muna 2016, Greenland inonzi yakarasikirwa neanenge 3,000 gigatons echando panguva iyoyo.
Mutori wemifananidzo wekuBritain, Timo Lieber, anozivikanwa nemufananidzo wake wemuchadenga unoshamisa, anotipa maonero akasiyana nezvechokwadi ichi chakakasharara. Basa rake haringoratidzi kunaka kwenzvimbo, asiwo rinoita sechiyeuchidzo chakasimba chemigumisiro yezviito zvedu pane zvakatipoteredza. Imwe yemifananidzo yake inoshamisa, yakafanana neziso remunhu, inotarisana nesu nemubvunzo tiri kuitei?
Uku kuwedzera kwekushisa muArctic, inenge 2 madhigirii celsius yakakwirira kupfuura nguva dzose, zvingaita sezvisingakoshi, asi migumisiro yacho inoparadza. Kuchinja kudiki uku kwetembiricha kunokwana kushandura aizi yakasimba kuita mvura, kugadzira makatsemuka uye kunetesa zvimiro zveaizi yakambogadzikana. Mukuwedzera, the arctic kunyungudika Icho chinhu chinotyisa chinoramba chichinyorwa nemasangano akasiyana-siyana esayenzi. Kuongorora kwe mhedzisiro yekunyungudika muSpain inoratidza kuti shanduko idzi dzine zvadzinoita pasi rose.
Kunyangarika kweiyo ice sheet kunokanganisa kwete vanhu chete, asiwo mhuka dzesango dzeArctic, senge polar mabheya. Mhuka idzi, mushure mekubuda muhubernation, dzinotsamira panzvimbo yakasimba pakuvhima nekudya. Sezvo aizi inoserera, nzvimbo yavo yokugara inoderera uye vari kuwedzera kusakwanisa kuwana zvokudya. Mamiriro acho akaoma, uye polar mabheya Vanotarisana nezvinetso zvinoramba zvichiwedzera kuti vararame, sezvinoratidzwa nezvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura nezvezvokudya zvavo.
Sezvo ice sheet rinopera simba, zvidimbu zveaizi zvinoumba izvo, kana pasina mamiriro akanaka, zvinonyunguduka, zvichikonzera kukwira kwe mwero wegungwa pasi rose. Izvi zvinobva zvakonzera mafashamo munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye muzvitsuwa zvakaderera, achikanganisa mamiriyoni evanhu nemhoteredzo yezvipenyu. Chiitiko ichi chiratidzo chakajeka chemhedzisiro iyo kupisa kwepasi pose nemigumisiro yaro pamwero wenyika yose. Kufungidzira kwekukwira kwemvura yegungwa kuri kuwedzera kutyisa.
Mhedzisiro yeKudziya Kwepasirese muArctic
Kudziya kwepasi rose kuri kugadzira domino effect paArctic ecosystem, inoenda kure nekunyunguduka kweaizi yemugungwa. Kuderera kwechando chepamusoro kunoshandura albedo yepasi, ndiko kuti, kukwanisa kuratidzira chiedza chezuva chichidzokera muchadenga. Kana kuchena kwakachena kweaizi kunonyangarika, nzvimbo dzine rima dzegungwa dzinotora simba rezuva rakawanda, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kudziya. Ichi chiitiko chikamu che greenhouse effect yakawedzera mudunhu. Chidzidzo che misiyano pakati pekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nekudziya kwepasi zvakakosha kuti unzwisise nzira iyi.
Kufungidzira kwemamiriro ekunze kunoratidza kuti kana izvi zvikaenderera mberi, tinogona kuona zhizha pasina aizi yegungwa muArctic Ocean nepakati pezana ramakore, izvo zvaizova nezvakakosha zvepasirese. Mukuwedzera, the Greenland ice cap iri kukurumidza kurasikirwa kwayo, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti gungwa rikwire kusvika pamamita akati wandei mumazana mashoma anotevera. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani chiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kuongorora mavambo ekudziya kwepasi mumamiriro akasiyana.
Mhedzisiro paBidiversity
Kurasika kweaizi uye kudziya kwemvura yeArctic kunokanganisa zvinopfuura mhuka dzemugungwa chete. Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana munharaunda iyi zvakakura uye zvakasiyana, kusanganisira shiri dzinotama, hove nemhuka dzomugungwa, zvose zvakabatanidzwa muchiyero chisina kusimba. Sezvo chando ichidzokera, zvipenyu zvinotsamira panzvimbo iyi zviri panjodzi zvakare. Semuyenzaniso, zvisimbiso dzine pwere muaizi dzinotyisidzirwa nekutsakatika kwadzo, izvo zvinobata zvikara zvinotsamira padziri, seshumba dzegungwa nemapere. Kudzikira kwekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu muArctic inyaya yakakosha inofanirwa kutariswa, kubvira dzimwe mhuka dziri mungozi yokutsakatika.
The Atlantification Phenomenon
Muchiitiko chinozivikanwa se Atlantification, zvakaonekwa kuti kukwira kwetembiricha yemugungwa kuri kukonzera mvura inodziya kubva kuAtlantic kuti isvike pakakwirira muArctic. Iyi nzira haingokanganisa kuumbwa kwechando munguva yechando, asiwo inokanganisa zvisikwa zvemunharaunda uye inogona kuchinja mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo dziri kure. Ichi chiitiko muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti kudziya kwepasi kunotanga sei shanduko mumaitiro echisikigo e permafrost.
Atlanticification inoderedza kugona kweaizi yegungwa kuvandudzwa mukati memwedzi inotonhora, ichikanganisa zvakanyanya kutenderera kwechisikigo kwekuumbwa kweaizi uye kunyungudika. Kutenderera uku kwaimbozivikanwa, asi tembiricha itsva uye mapatani emunyu zviri kukonzera shanduko dzisingatarisirwe. The kuchinjwa kwemaitiro echisikigo iri kukanganisa zvakanyanya Arctic ecosystem.
Global Migumisiro
Zvinoitika muArctic hazvina kuganhurirwa munharaunda iyi chete. Mamiriro ekunze epasi rose anokanganiswa nekushanduka kweArctic, zvichikonzera mamiriro ekunze akaipa kune mamwe matunhu enyika. Semuenzaniso, kupisa kweArctic kwakabatanidzwa mafungu anotonhora zvakanyanya kushingirira mumatunhu akadai seEurope neNorth America. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti jeti rwizi, iyo inodzora mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo idzi, iri kuchinjwa nekudziya kwenzvimbo yepasi. Kuti tiwane maonero akajeka, tinogona kuongorora kuti sei iyo Arctic Ocean inokanganisa mamiriro ekunze epasi rose.
Kunyange zvazvo Arctic ingaratidzika kure, hutano hwayo hwakakosha pakuenzanisa kwemamiriro ekunze epasi rose. Kurasika kweaizi uye shanduko ye ecosystem haingokanganisa zvipenyu zvinogara imomo, asi zvakare zvine mhedzisiro inosvika kure pasirese, zvichiratidza kubatana kwese kwePasi biological uye mamiriro ekunze.
