Mhepo yepasi pano inoumbwa nemagasi akati wandei, anosanganisira oxygen, nitrogen, argon, ozone, uye mhute yemvura. Ose anoita basa rakakosha mumamiriro ekunze ePasi. uye naizvozvo muhupenyu hunobudirira panyika yedu. Zvisinei, imwe yeinonyanya kukurukurwa uye yakaongororwa mumamiriro ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze ndeye carbon dioxide (CO2).
Kana tichitaura nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, zvinova pachena kuti carbon dioxide igasi rinogona kuva nengozi. Ichi ichokwadi, kunyanya kana kuburitswa kukaramba kuchikwira pamatanho azvino. Iyo CO2 yakawanda mumhepo, kupisa kwakanyanya kubatwa, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepasirese. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, NASA yakaburitsa vhidhiyo inoratidza maitiro eCO2 mumhepo yedu., chishandiso chine simba chekuona kuti unzwisise ukuru hwechiitiko ichi.
NASA yakawana sei iyi data?
NASA masayendisiti akashandisa data kubva kune satellite Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) kugadzira muenzaniso wemaitiro ecarbon mumhepo yePasi. Iyi modhi inovhara data kubva kune Gunyana 1, 2014 kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 31, 2015, uye inotibvumira kufanotaura munzvimbo dzipi CO2 concentrations ichave yakakwirira kana yakaderera. Kuongorora kuburitswa kwe CO2 kwemakumi emakore, Nyanzvi dzakakwanisa kuunganidza data kugadzira yakakwirira-resolution 3D kuona izvo zvinobvumira chero mushandisi kuona mafambiro anoita gasi iri mumhepo. Mukuwedzera, the Migumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze inonyatso kuyerwa kubva muchadenga.
Vhidhiyo inoratidza kukwira nekudonha kwe CO2 muNorthern Hemisphere mukati megore, ichiratidza simba remakondinendi, makomo emakomo, uye mafungu egungwa pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze, pamwe nekukosha kwenharaunda photosynthesis. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kukanganisa kwekabhoni sinks, unogona kutarisa chinyorwa ichi kukosha kweMediterranean se CO2 sink.
Basa reCO2 se thermostat
Carbon dioxide inoshanda se thermostat yechisikigo paNyika. Iyo yakanyanya kuwanda, kupisa kwakawanda kunochengetwa panyika, iyo inokurumidza kuwedzera kudziya kwepasi. Naizvozvo, Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise nzvimbo dziri kutora zvakanyanya CO2 nemari yavari kunyima. Iyi vhidhiyo yeNASA haingozivise chete, asiwo inodzidzisa nezve kukurumidza kwemamiriro ekunze aripo. Tarisa zvakare kuti sei tatadza kutonga shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Vhidhiyo iyi inoratidza kuti CO2 inopararira sei mumakondinendi nemakungwa, kuti mafambiro emhepo anokanganisa sei kutenderera kwayo, uye kuti zviitiko zvevanhu, sekupiswa kwehutsi uye kuparadzwa kwemasango, zvinokanganisa zvakananga kukwira kweCO2. The Kutemwa kwemasango kunowedzera kuwedzera kudziya kwepasi, izvo zvinowedzera kudiwa kwemhinduro dzekukurumidzira.
Iyo data inotidzidzisei nezve emission sources?
Iyo data yakaunganidzwa inoratidzawo kuti iwo makuru masosi e CO2 emissions United States, South Asia neChina. Mumatunhu aya, kuburitswa kwakawanda kunogadzirwa neindasitiri, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi, uye zvekufambisa. Mukusiyana, mu Africa neSouth America, utsi huzhinji hunobva mukutsva kwekurima uye kutsva kwemasango. Iyi muenzaniso inoratidza "pulse" cycle apo basa rekupisa rinowedzera mukati mezuva uye rinoderera usiku, rine chokuita nephotosynthesis nemiti inotora CO2 masikati uye inoisunungura usiku. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Kuwedzerwa kwekubhadhara motokari kunosvibisa mhepo, izvo zvinowedzera dambudziko mumaguta.
Vhidhiyo iyi yakaburitswa panguva yakaoma, se 2023 raive gore rinopisa zvakanyanya parekodhi. Kusanganiswa kwe CO2 mumhepo yakawedzera kubva pazvikamu 278 pamiriyoni muna 1750 kusvika ku427 muna May 2024. Nhamba idzi dzinosimbisa kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kugadzirisa kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Mukuwedzera, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve ongororo pa kubudiswa kwepasi rose kunoramba kwakagadzikana, chikamu chakakosha mukurwisa kudziya kwepasi.
Migumisiro yekuwedzera CO2
Kukwira kwemuchadenga kabhoni dhaikisaidhi kusingakonzere shanduko yemamiriro ekunze chete, asiwo kunoisa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu uye kugara zvakanaka kwezvisikwa. CO2, kunyange zvazvo isingakuvadzi zvakananga kuhutano hwemhepo yatinofema, kudarika kuri kukonzera kupisa kwepasi pamwero unotyisa. Kutaura zvazviri, zvinofungidzirwa kuti United States yakaverengera zvinopfuura gumi nembiri muzana zvekubuda kwepasi rose muna 12., neChina iri iyo yakakura emitter inosvika 33%. Muenzaniso wemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uri mukati kuwedzera kweallergies nekuda kwekudziya kwepasi.
Nhasi, kuburitswa kweCO2 hakuna kubatana nekushandiswa kwesimba chete asiwo nekuparadzwa kwemasango, kurima, uye moto, zvichiratidza maonero asina kunaka anoda kutariswa nekukurumidza. Iwo animations akapihwa neNASA haangoratidzi kutaridzika kwe CO2 pamhepo, asi zvakare anoshanda sekudaidzira kuita chiito kune hurumende nevagari. Kuti uwane maonero akazara, tarisa chinyorwa pa Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukanganisa sei makorari, inova chiratidzo chakakosha chehutano hwezvipenyu zvegungwa.
NASA kuona uye maitiro avo
Iwo maonesheni akagadzirwa neNASA haana kungoitirwa kuzivisa chete, asi zvakare kutsvaga kusimudza ruzivo pakati pevagari vemo pamusoro pekuipa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Yega yega yekuona inomiririra yakajeka yekukanganisa kwezviito zvedu papasi. Semuenzaniso, macode emavara anoshandiswa kusiyanisa pakati pezvinobva mukubuda: orenji yeCO2 kubva kumafuta ezvisaririra, tsvuku yekupisa biomass, uye girini kune nzvimbo dzinoita semakabhoni anonyura, anonwisa CO2. Ichi ndicho chikamu chakakosha mune chiyero chinoshanda kudzikamisa kudziya kwepasi.
Nenzira iyi, NASA inopa mucherechedzo wepasi rose uyo unotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti zvisikwa uye zviitiko zvevanhu zvakabatana sei. Iko kukwanisa kuona CO2 mukugadziriswa kwepamusoro kunopa maonero matsva anogona kuchinja nzira iyo vagari nevatungamiri vanofunga pamusoro pehutu uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuongorora kwakadzama pamusoro pe anthropogenic greenhouse effect uye maitiro ayo pamamiriro ekunze inogona kupawo mamwe mamiriro enyaya iyi.
Nzira inoenda kune remangwana rakasimba
High CO2 concentrations, parizvino yakatenderedza zvikamu mazana mana nemakumi maviri nenomwe pamiriyoni, inomiririra huwandu hweCO427 hwepamusoro mumamiriyoni emakore, nemhedzisiro inoparadza, kusanganisira masaisai ekupisa, kusanaya kwemvura, uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inokanganisa mhuka nemaruva ematunhu mazhinji. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uye kushanda nesimba kunodiwa kudzoreredza maitiro aya. Kiyi yeramangwana rakagadzikana iri mukati kuderedza kubudiswa kweCO2 uye kutora mamwe maitiro akasimba muhupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ese uye mumaindasitiri. Imwe nzira inogona kubatsira ndeyekuongorora Kufuya zvipfuyo kunokanganisa sei nharaunda.
NASA yakapa isati yamboonekwa sosi yekuona iyo isingangoratidzi maitiro CO2 mumhepo yedu, asi zvakare inoratidza kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwekuita. Ruzivo rwunoratidzwa muvhidhiyo uye data rakabatana ikudaidzira basa rakaungana kuchengetedza pasi redu uye kuona ramangwana rine hutano kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera. Mupfungwa iyi, chinyorwa pa Kuderedza kudyiwa kwenyama kwakakosha mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze zvinogona zvakare kubatsira.
