Hurricane zviitiko zvakakura zvemamiriro ekunze zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kunoparadza uye kurasikirwa kukuru kwevanhu nezvinhu. Chimiro chayo chisingatarisirwi chinozviita Kufanotaura kuumbwa kwayo uye trajectory mubasa rakaoma kuitira kuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda dzemumahombekombe uye nzvimbo dzinogona kukanganiswa nadzo. Kugona kutarisira kusvika kwavo kunobvumira hurumende nemasangano ekukurumidzira kutora matanho anodiwa ekuderedza kukuvadzwa nekuchengetedza hupenyu.
Kuti uvandudze kugona kufanotaura zviitiko izvi, NASA yakagadzira mishoni yekuvandudza inonzi Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), iyo ine boka renyeredzi remamicrosatellites masere akagadzirirwa kuyera kumhanya kwemhepo mumoyo wemadutu.
CYGNSS mishoni uye kutanga kwayo
Kutangwa kweCYGNSS microsatellites kwakaitika muna Zvita 15, 2016. Aya masatellite akaiswa mu orbit akakwira roketi. Pegasus XL, yakatangwa kubva mundege yakagadziridzwa L-1011 Stargazer, iyo yakasimuka kubva kuCape Canaveral Air Force Station muFlorida. Iyi nzira yekuburitsa kubva mundege inobvumira masatellite kuti aiswe mukutenderera mune imwe inoshanda uye nokururama kukuru.
Iyo CYGNSS mishoni inomiririra kudyara kweanenge 157 mamiriyoni emadhora uye chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuvandudza fungidziro dzine chekuita nemadutu emumvura nechamupupuri nekuyera nemazvo. kumhanya kwemhepo pamusoro pegungwa. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha nekuti mhepo dziri pamusoro pegungwa dzinodyidzana nemadutu, zvichikanganisa kukura nekusimba kwadzo. Kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezviitiko izvi, unogona kubvunza kuda kuziva nezvemadutu uye kuti sei Mwaka we 2017 wehurricane wakanga wakasiyana, kusanganisira zvinhu zve.
Tekinoroji uye kushanda kwemamicrosatellites
Iyo CYGNSS microsatellites, imwe neimwe inorema 29 makirogiramu uye saizi inofananidzwa neyemunhu mukuru, ane ma receptors yakagadziridzwa GPS navigation. Kiyi yekushanda kwayo iri mu GPS chiratidzo chekuparadzira tekinoroji, iyo inovabvumira kuyera kumhanya kwemhepo kunyangwe kuburikidza nekunaya kwemvura zhinji, kudzikisira kwakakosha kwechinyakare mamiriro ekunze ekutarisa tekinoroji.
Aya ma satellite haangoyere kumhanya kwemhepo chete, asiwo anodzidza kudyidzana kwemhepo nemvura, zvichibatsira masayendisiti kunzwisisa kuti madutu anoumba nekushanduka sei. Iyi nzira yeunyowani inotsvaga kugadzirisa kusakwana kwezvishandiso zvakajairwa zvekuyera kusimba kwedutu remhepo, iro rinowanzove nemiganhu mukuvhara uye kuwanda kwekutarisa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve hurricane intensity, unogona kuona iyo tsananguro yakazara yekusimba kwayo uye sei zviitiko zvakadai Chikamu 4 madutu.
Launch uye deployment process
Kutangwa kweiyo microsatellite constellation kwakaitwa pasi pemamiriro ekudzora. Pane imwe nguva ndege yakasvika pakukwirira kweinenge 12,000 mamita Pamusoro peAlantic Ocean, roketi yePegasus XL yakaburitswa ndokuburitsa injini yayo masekonzi mashanu gare gare, ichisimudza ma microsatellites mugwara re 480? km yokukwirira. Kutevera kuvhurwa, mamicrosatellites akaiswa rimwe nerimwe, zvichibvumira imwe neimwe kutanga basa rayo rekuunganidza data.
Zvinotarisirwa kuita uye ramangwana remishoni
Basa reCYGNSS rakagadzirirwa kushanda kweanenge makore mashanu uye rinotarisirwa kupa ruzivo rwakakosha ruzivo rwezvesayenzi kuti rubatsire kuvandudza hurricane kufanotaura mberi kwegore ra2017 nguva chaiyo bvumira vanoongorora nezvemamiriro ekunze kuti vatarisire kusimba kwemadutu, izvo zvinogona kukonzera zviri nani kugadzirira uye kupindura kune kutyisidzira uku. Kuti uverenge zvakawanda nezve fungidziro yemwaka wedutu, unogona kubvunza chinyorwa pa kudzivirira dutu remhepo uye report on Mwaka wedutu wa2017 wakanga wakaita sei?, pamwe chete nemashoko pamusoro pe nhamba yemadutu akaumbwa muna 2016.
Ma Microsatellites haana kungogadzirirwa kudzidza madutu, asi anogonawo kubatsira mukutsvagisa zvimwe zviitiko zvekunze zvakanyanyisa. Izvi zvinovhura mikana mitsva yekunzwisisa mamiriro ekunze epasi rose nemhedzisiro yawo munharaunda.
Mhedzisiro yekutanga uye tsvakurudzo yeramangwana
Kubva zvakatangwa, maCYGNSS mamicrosatellites akawana nguva yekuyedzwa uye kuenzanisa. Mavambo ekutanga ebvunzo idzi anotarisirwa kuburitswa munguva pfupi iri kutevera. NASA neNational Weather Service vanotarisira kuti data rakaunganidzwa richavandudza zvakanyanya mhando dzemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakugadzirisa dutu. njodzi uye kuderedzwa kwenjodzi dzine chekuita nemadutu. Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve dzimwe njodzi dzine hukama, unogona kuongorora chinyorwa pa zvishandiso zvekutevera madutu.
Basa reCYGNSS muenzaniso wekuti tekinoroji yemuchadenga iri kushandura nzira yatinonzwisisa uye kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze. Nekuvandudza kugadziriswa uye kuwanda kwezviyero, masayendisiti ane mukana wekudzidza zviitiko pamwero we mashoko asina kumboitika. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kufunga nezvesimba re kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, iyo inogona kukanganisa basa rehurricane uye kuumbwa mune ramangwana.
Kufambira mberi kwakakosha mukucherechedza satellite kuchabvumira kwete kungofanotaura nezvedutu, asiwo kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekugarisana kwemamiriro ekunze kwenguva refu uye hukama hwavo nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kugona kwe microsatellites kunogona kushandiswa kutarisa kwemafashama nedzimwe njodzi dzine hukama, kusimbisa kukosha kwekutsvaga nekusimudzira munharaunda iyi.
Saka, mishoni yeCYGNSS haingomiriri kufambira mberi kwakakosha kwesainzi, asiwo chishandiso chakakosha chekuchengetedza. anorarama uye zvinhu mune ramangwana.
