Hatiwanzofunga nezvazvo, nekuti vanhu vazhinji vanofarira kupinda plane kushanyira nyika dzekunze uye/kana kushanyira hama dzavo. Inzira yekufambisa inotibvumira kufamba madaro marefu mumaawa mashomanana chete, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yezvinonyanya kushandiswa. Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti kubhururuka inokuvadza zvakakomba pasi redu. Ngationei iyo ndege inobata sei nharaunda.
Denga, kunyangwe ringaite senge iro, harimbo vheneke, kwete zvizere. Mineti yega yega iripo 11.000 ndege mumhepo kumwe kunhu munyika. Uchapupu hweichi chifananidzo chiri pamusoro, chakatorwa pawebhu Virtuel Radar. Kune mazana emendege muchikamu chino cheEurope chete, uye ndiyo nhamba iri kuwedzera sezvo huwandu hwevanhu huri kuwedzerawo.
Zvisinei, inzira yekufambisa iyo inosvibisa, uye zvakawanda. The aviation sector ine basa pamusoro 2,5% yenyika yepasi kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, asi ndege dzinobudisawo sarufa, utsi, mhute yemvura uye nitrogen oxide, iyo inoumba tropospheric ozone (isingafaniri kuvhiringidzwa ne stratospheric ozone, iyo inodzivirira inodzivirira kubva kumhepo yezuva), iyo inokuvadza zvikuru kuhutano hwevanhu. Sezvambotaurwa, the kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze Iro idambudziko rine chekuita nekuburitswa uku. Uyezve, kukura kwendege kwakabatana nekuwedzera kwekubuda kwegreenhouse gasi kazhinji, sezvaungaverenge muchikamu chedu pa. mari yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Pane chimwe chinhu chingaitwe kuti vasasvibise zvakanyanya? Ehe saizvozvo: shandisa zvitima pese pazvinogoneka. Vanosvibisa zvishoma uye, kunyangwe zvichitora nguva yakareba kuti vasvike kwavanoenda, zvinogona kushanda sechikonzero chekutaura neshamwari kana mhuri dzinotiperekedza. Asi mutero unopesana neyakaomeswa magirobhuiti unogona zvakare kumisikidzwa kunhandare dzendege, nekuti semuenzaniso kuGerman vanowana rubatsiro rwemari inopfuura mamirioni gumi pagore maererano neFederal Environment Agency.
Kana idzi rubatsiro dzakabviswa uye mutero ukaitwa kugadzirisa mutengo wezvakatipoteredza unokonzerwa nenzira idzi dzekufambisa, zvirokwazvo zvishoma zvingasvibiswa.
Kukanganisa kwendege pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze
Kubhururuka kwendege kwave mbiru yakakosha yehupfumi hwenyika, asi kukanganisa kwayo kune zvakatipoteredza kwakanyanya. Maererano ne Sangano reInternational Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), inofungidzirwa kuti kutakura kwemhepo kuchaita chikamu chetatu chezvose zvinokonzerwa nekutakura CO₂ emissions ne 2050. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekukura kwekufamba kwemhepo, iyo inoramba ichiwedzera gore negore. Kukura kwakadaro kunotyisa uye kwakabatana nekufungidzira kweiyo kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Aviation ndeimwe yevanonyanya kubatsira kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, inokonzera 2.5% ye carbon dioxide emissions yenyika. Nekudaro, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemuchadenga kunodarika CO₂, kusanganisira kuburitswa kwenitrogen oxides (NOx), mhute yemvura, uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemhepo uye zvinobatsira mukudziya kwepasi. Kuti tizvinzwisise zvirinani, ngatishanyirei chikamu chezvemamiriro anoenderana.
Aviation emissions
The emissions of magasi anodziya zvendege zvinotyisa. Muna 2019, chikamu chendege chakagadzira zvinenge 915 miriyoni matani eCO₂ pasi rose, inomiririra inenge 2.1% yehutsi hwepagore hunoitwa nevanhu. Ndege inobatanidza pakati peLondon neNew York, kune rumwe rutivi, inogadzira kumativi 986 makirogiramu ecarbon dioxide pamunhu wese.
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakabvumirawo hukuru kushanda kwemafuta. Somuenzaniso, ndege dzemazuva ano dzinoshandisa mafuta asingasviki marita matatu pamunhu anenge 3 pakiromita, zvichiita kuti simba radzo rienzane nemotokari zhinji dzemazuva ano. Kubudirira uku ndiko kunokosha mukuderedza marwadzo kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwendege uye zvine chekuita nekusimudzirwa kwemichina mitsva inogona kushandura chikamu, sezvatakakurukura mu.
Kukanganisa hutano uye zvakatipoteredza
Pamusoro pezvazvinoita pamamiriro ekunze, kubuda kwendege kunokanganisa kunaka kwemhepo. Vanhu vanogara pedyo nenhandare dzendege vanoratidzirwa kuhuwandu hwekusvibiswa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ehutano, kusanganisira zvirwere zvekufema uye zvemwoyo. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya ari kunetsa uye akabatanidzwa kune zvakazara kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvo isu tichifunga nezvezvinorehwa nendege, zvakakoshawo kugadzirisa kuti izvi zvinoburitsa uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze zvinopindirana sei nedzimwe nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza.
Zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvinobudiswa nendege zvinokanganisa kwete chete avo vanogara pedyo nenhandare dzendege, asi zvinogonawo kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pane zvakatipoteredza. Kusvibiswa kweruzha nderimwe dambudziko rakakura rine chekuita nendege, richikanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu nemhuka dzesango dzinogara pedyo nenzvimbo idzi. Matanho ekuderedza ruzha urwu akakosha kuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji.
La European Aviation Kuchengetedza Agency (EASA) yakaburitsa mishumo inoongorora mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye yakakurudzira nhevedzano yematanho ekudzikisa kuburitswa uku uye kudzikisira kukanganisa kwavo. Mazano anosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwezvikepe zvendege, kushandiswa kwe Mamwe mafuta uye kuvandudzwa mukutonga kwekufamba kwemhepo. Mupfungwa iyi, tsvakurudza pamusoro makore ekugadzira uye kukanganisa kwayo pakubhururuka kwendege kunogona kuve kwakakosha.
Dzimwe nzira uye mhinduro dzekuwedzera kuenderera mberi kwendege
Dzimwe nzira dzakati wandei dzakataurwa kuti dzideredze kabhoni yekubhururuka nendege. Imwe yezvinonyanya kuvimbisa ndeyekuvandudzwa kwe Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF), iyo inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse zvichienzaniswa nemafuta efossil akajairika. Kuvandudzwa uku kwakakosha kune remangwana rakachena mundege uye rinoenderana nemaitiro emazuva ano kune mamwe matekinoroji akasimba, sezvakakurukurwa mu.
Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwe itsva technologies akadai semagetsi uye mahybrid motors ari pasi pekutsvaga nguva dzose. Tekinoroji idzi dzine mukana wekuvandudza mashandiro endege nekudzikisa zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwemafuta uye kushandiswa kwemafuta. Nekudaro, ivo vanoda nguva uye mari yekushandisa.
Basa rehurumende nemitemo yeruzhinji
Hurumende dzine basa rakakosha rekuita mukusimudzira mashandiro ezvendege. Kuitwa kwe carbon tax, pamwe chete nekubviswa kwerubatsiro rwendege, zvinogona kukurudzira vendege kushandisa michina yakachena uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Izvi zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuita zvakanaka pane nzvimbo, kunyanya mumamiriro ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze anokanganisa pasi rose.
Nekune rimwe divi, zvakakosha kusimudzira mari mukutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwemamwe mafuta, pamwe nemafambisirwo endege, kuitira kuti ndege dzisanyanya kutsamira pamafuta ezvicherwa uye kuburitsa kwaanoita. Zvirongwa zvine chekuita ne mutero wezuva ratidza maitiro kune mamwe marongero akasimba.
Zviito zvega ega zvekubhururuka zvine mwero
Sevafambi, isu tinokwanisawo kuita sarudzo dzinobatsira mukugarisa mundege. Mamwe mazano anosanganisira:
- Sarudza ndege dzakananga. Kusimuka nekumhara kunopedza mafuta akawanda, saka kusarudza kuenda nendege dzisingaperi kungave sarudzo yakagadzikana.
- Offset CO₂ emissions. Ndege dzakawanda dzinopa sarudzo yekumisa kuburitsa kwako kwendege. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kubatsira kumapurojekiti anobatsira kuderedza kabhoni munzvimbo.
- Dzivisa mikwende yakawandisa. Yese makirogiramu ekuwedzera inowedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta, saka kurongedza mwenje hakungoite kuti kufamba kuve nyore, asi zvakare kunoderedza kuburitswa.
- Sarudza dzimwe ndege dzakasimba. Tsvakurudza uye sarudza makambani anoshandisa akachenesa matekinoroji uye akazvipira kusimudzira.
Pasina kupokana, ndege inotarisana nematambudziko akakura muhukama hwayo nemhoteredzo. Kuita kwakabatana nehurumende, mabhizinesi, uye vagari vanogona kutungamira mukugadzirwa kweramangwana rakagadzikana umo mabhenefiti ekufamba nendege anogona kunakidzwa pasina kukanganisa hutano hwepasi redu.
Shanduko kune mamwe maitiro akasimba haizoitike nehusiku humwe, asi chidiki chega chega chinobatsira. Nekugara tichiziva uye nekuita sarudzo dzakavimbika, tinogona kubatsira kuhurongwa hwendege hunoremekedza vanhu nenharaunda.
Kunyangwe kubhururuka kuchiri imwe yenzira dzakanyanya kushanda dzekufamba nzendo refu, zvakakosha kuita nhamburiko yakabatana kuderedza maitiro ako. Chinokosha chiri pakugara uchienda kumhinduro itsva uye kutora tsika dzakanyanya kutarisirwa sevafambi.
