Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika kuti nderipi renje guru muNorth America. Iine nzvimbo inopfuura 450.000 km2, Chihuahuan Desert inotambanukira mhiri kumatunhu ekuchamhembe kweMexico nenzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States. Iyi ecoregion ine mwero wakasiyana wezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yenzvimbo dzerenje dzinogara dziripo uye dzine mhando dzakapfuma munyika.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve iyo gwenga guru muNorth America, maitiro ayo, geology, maruva nemhuka.
Renje guru muNorth America
Ichitambanudza nzvimbo yakakura yevhu kuchamhembe kweMexico uye kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States, dunhu iri rinotenderedza chikamu chakakosha cheWest Texas pamwe nezvikamu zvepakati nepakati peRio Grande Valley neLower Pecos muNew Mexico.
Iyi nzvimbo huru, iyo inovhara 12,6% yenzvimbo yeMexico, irenje rechitatu pakukura muWestern Hemisphere uye rechipiri pakukura pakondinendi iyi, richipfuura chete neGreat Basin Desert.
Iyo yakasarudzika kuumbwa kwenzvimbo munzvimbo ino ine musanganiswa wakasiyana wemadutu, huswa nemakwenzi, izvo zvinogona kuverengerwa kune akati wandei zvinhu zvakakosha, zvinosanganisira kuzorora, kunaya, tembiricha, ivhu uye zvinomera.
Nekufamba kwenguva, nzvimbo iyi yakasangana nekuderera kwakanyanya, zvakanyanya nekuda kwemafuro akawanda. Huswa hwaichimbova hwakapararira uye mamwe marudzi akati wandei akavharwa nekuwanda kwemiti yemiti, yakadai secreosote nemesquite.
Yakawanda yenzvimbo inogadzirwa Marine sedimentary rocks, kunyange zvazvo mamwe matunhu ane makomo angave ane matombo anobva mukuputika kwegomo.. Mabheseni mana masisitimu, iyo Río Grande, iyo Río Casas Grandes, iyo Mapimí Bolsón neMayrán, inopesvedzera zvakanyanya mamiriro ehydrological edunhu, neRío Grande uri muganho wezvematongerwo enyika pakati peMexico neUnited States.
Nzvimbo iyi inoumbwa ne80% calcareous ivhu, iyo inobva kune limestone deposits. Kuumbwa uku kunoratidza kuti nzvimbo yese yakambonyudzwa pasi pegungwa asi yakabuda nekuda kwezviitiko zvakawanda zve geological.
Chihuahuan Desert Climate
Iri mukati meorographic shadow zone, iyo Chihuahuan Desert inodzivirirwa kubva kune yakakosha kunyorova neSierra Madre Occidental kumadokero neSierra Madre Oriental kumabvazuva, ichivharira zvinobudirira kupinda kwemwando kubva kuPacific Ocean uye Gulf yeMexico.
MuChihuahuan Desert, mamiriro ekunze anoratidzirwa nekuoma kwayo, nemwaka mumwe chete wemvura muzhizha uye kuderedza kunaya kwemvura pakutanga kwechando. Nekuda kwenzvimbo yaro uye kukwirira kwaro, kubva pakati pe600 ne1675 m, nzvimbo iyi yakaoma inosangana nekupisa kuri pakati nepakati kana ichienzaniswa nerenje reSonoran. Kazhinji, Mumwedzi yezhizha, mercury inokwira kusvika pakati pe35 kusvika ku40 °C.
Mugwenga, tembiricha inogona kubva kunotonhorera kusvika kuchando mumwedzi yechando, dzimwe nguva ichikonzera chando. Ivhareji yekushisa kwegore negore inenge 24 ° C, kunyange zvazvo inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekukwirira.
Mugwenga, nzvimbo dzakaderera uye mipata ndiko kwaunowana tembiricha yepamusoro. Nguva dzechando dziri mumatunhu ekuchamhembe dzakaoma kudarika kumaodzanyemba, dzimwe nguva dzinokonzera madutu echando. Kunyange zvazvo kunaya kwemvura pagore kwakati wandei, Inotangira pakati pe200 ne300 mm pagore, mvura zhinji inonaya mumwaka wechirimo.
Flora yerenje guru muNorth America
Mugwenga munogara marudzi emiti angangoita 3.500, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti 1.000 ndeye endemic (29%) uye inokwana gumi nenhanhatu yemiti genera ndiyo inowanikwa. Iyo yakaoma physiography yemabheseni nemakomo emakomo, pamwe chete nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze mukati memakore gumi apfuura, zvakakonzera chikamu chakakosha chenzvimbo.
Kuwanda kwehuswa nezvinomera zvisingaite chando zvakadai seagaves neyuccas zvinowanzoitika muzvinomera zvematunhu ane mvura yakawanda uye tembiricha yechando inotonhorera.
Nzvimbo yerenje inovhara inenge 20% yemafuro, iyo inowanzoonekwa nekubatanidzwa kwemashizha nehuswa. Mukati memafuro aya unogona kuwana marudzi akasiyana-siyana senge banderilla, huswa hutema uye banderilla.
Matunhu emukati eChihuahuan Desert anoratidzwa nejecha uye dzimwe nguva ivhu rejecha, uko hombe mhando dzemiti igwenzi recreosote.
Kumatunhu ekuchamhembe, slimy acacia uye senna shizha rakawanda, nepo ivhu rejecha rekumadokero ndiko kumusha kune mutsvairo wakanyanya.
Kumucheto kwezvikomo uye munzvimbo yese yepakati, huwandu hwemhando dzeyucca uye opuntia dzinogona kuwanikwa. Nekudaro, iyo Arizona rainbow cactus uye Mexican fire barrel cactus inofarira kugara munzvimbo dziri padyo nemuganhu weUS-Mexico. Iyi ndiyo mhuka dzakasiyana dzeChihuahuan Desert.
fauna of
Mazhinji invertebrates anogara munzvimbo yeChihuahuan Desert mudunhu. Vagari vanozivikanwa vanosanganisira renje tarantula, chikwapuro, mhunga nemhunga. Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kuona zvakasiyana-siyana zve butterflies uye moths.
Kwemakore asingaverengeki, marudzi ehove munzvimbo dzerenje akachinja shanduko nekuda kwekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Kunyanya munzvimbo idzi unogona kuwana huwandu hukuru hwemhando dzakasiyana. Anozivikanwa amphibians anogara muChihuahuan Desert anosanganisira akavharidzirwa tiger salamander, matodhi emunondo, uye Rio Grande frog.
Pakati pemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emhuka dzesango dzinogara mugwenga iri pane mhuka dzakawanda dzinokatyamadza, dzinosanganisira pronghorn, nyurusi deer, grey fox, collar or javelin peccary, black-tailed hare rat, uye akasiyana marudzi ekangaroo rat, pakati pevamwe.
The American Antilocapra, pamwe 24 chete mienzaniso yakanyoreswa mudunhu reChihuahua, inomira seimwe yemarudzi ari mungozi yokutsakatika mugwenga. Mukati meiyo ecoregion, huwandu hune mwero hwenyati dzekuAmerica hunogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzayo dzechisikigo, pamwe nemapoka akapararira eimbwa iri mungozi yekutsakatika yeblack-tailed prairie kana imbwa yeMexican prairie.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezverenje rakakura kwazvo muNorth America uye maitiro aro.