Sei ndege dzichibhururuka

Kunyangwe tiri mugore ra2022 pachine vanhu vazhinji vasinganzwisise Sei ndege dzichibhururuka. Vanhu vakashuva kukwanisa kubhururuka mudenga uye kufamba nokumhanya kukuru kuti vaongorore mativi ose epasi redu. Nekuda kwezvidzidzo zvesainzi nefizikisi, izvi zvave zvichigoneka, uye nhasi ndege dzakakosha chaizvo muhupenyu hwedu. Uyezve, mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvinogona kukanganisa sei kunyange mhirizhonga mundege.

Muchinyorwa chino tichakutsanangurira chikonzero nei ndege dzichibhururuka uye kuti mhedziso iyoyo yakasvika sei.

Sei ndege dzichibhururuka

Mhinduro iri nyore ndeyokuti ndege dzinogona kubhururuka nokuti dzakagadzirirwa kubhururuka. Zvakare transatlantic yeanopfuura 100.000 matani ane chimiro uye dhizaini yemukati inobvumira kuti irambe yakanyura, ndege ine chimiro chinoita kuti irambe iri mumhepo. Hazvisi zvemashiripiti. Chinhu chinoshamisa uye chinoshamisa ndechekuti ndege hadzigone kubhururuka nemafambiro adzinoita. Chinokosha chechimiro chayo mapapiro uye magadzirirwo awo.

Mhinduro yakati omei zvishoma ndeyokuti ndege ine chikwereti mukuyerera kwemhepo nemapapiro. Saka tinogona kufunga kuti kuti ndege ibhururuke, mafambiro emhepo anodiwa, kana nemamwe mazwi, kumhanya kunoenderana nemhepo. Zvinonakidzawo kuziva kuti mamiriro ekunze anokanganisawo kubhururuka, sezvinoonekwa muchiitiko che Brocken specter iyo inogona kucherechedzwa kubva mundege.

Ndege dzinobhururuka dziri pasi pesimba rakasiyana-siyana mundege dzakachinjika uye dzakatwasuka.. Kuti ndege isimuke, simba rinogadzirwa neakisi yakatwasuka (simudza mumutauro weaeronautical) rinofanira kudarika huremu hwendege. Kune rimwe divi, pane yakatwasuka axis, nekuda kweinjini yekupedza magasi, chiito-rection musimboti unoitika, ichigadzira simba remberi rinokunda kupikisa kwemhepo. Kana ndege ichikwira ichimhanya inogara ichikwira uye ichisvika pakukwirira kwayo, izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuenzana kwemasimba kunowanikwa paakiso yakatwasuka (simudza zvakaenzana nehuremu) uye paakisi yakachinjika, apo kusimudza kwakaenzana nehuremu. Engine thrust yakaenzana nekukweva kunopiwa nemhepo.

Sei ndege dzichibhururuka: nheyo dzekutanga

Iwo mashiripiti anoitika kana iwe uchisimudza. Ipapo, tinofanira kutsanangura boka rake renheyo. Chaizvoizvo, kusimudza kunowanikwa kuburikidza nemapapiro e ndege. Kana tikavacheka isu tichawana iyo inonzi wing profile, chikamu chine bapiro mukati.

Kubva pane aerodynamic point of view, chikamu chine chimiro chakanyatsoshanda. Mucheto unopinda mhepo kana ndege ichibhururuka yakatenderedzwa, chikamu chekumashure cheprofile chakapinza, uye zvakare chakakombama kumusoro (mumutauro weaeronautical, chikamu ichi chepamusoro chinonzi arc yekunze uye chikamu chezasi chinonzi inner arc). Uku kukombama kwebapiro profile kunoreva kuti kana mhepo yasangana nayo, inotsemuka kuita nzira mbiri, imwe chikamu pamusoro pebapiro uye imwe ichidzika.

Pane theorem, Bernoulli's theorem, iyo inonyanya kukosha kuchengetedza simba, uye anoti kuti izvi zviitike, mafambiro emhepo kubva kumusoro anofanira kuenda nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinoreva kushomeka kushoma pane pasi, inofamba nekumhanya zvishoma uye inoshandisa kudzvanywa kwakawanda. Musiyano wekumanikidza pakati pekumusoro nepasi kuyerera kwemhepo unogadzira kusimudza. Kunyangwe iyi kusimudzwa nemutemo waBernoulli isingatsananguri zvese izvo ndege inoda kukwira. Kuti utsanangure urefu zvinodikanwa kutendeukira kune imwe nhevedzano yemisimboti yemuviri. Iwe unogona kuwana zvimwe nezve magadzirirwo aya maawaya muchinyorwa chakabatana pa nyonganyonga uye nezvake jet stream maitiro izvo zvakakoshawo kunzwisisa kutiza.

Mumwe wavo mutemo wechitatu waNewton. Nekuda kwechimiro chakakomberedzwa chechimiro, mhepo kubva kumusoro, panzvimbo yekutevera nzira yakatwasuka, inotungamirwa pasi. Kutsauka uku kunokonzerwa nechimiro chebapiro mukuyerera kwemhepo kunoreva kuti nekuda kwemutemo wechitatu waNewton (musimboti wekuita-rection), simba rekuita rinogadzirwa kune rumwe rutivi, pamusoro pebapiro, iro rinogadzira kusimudza kwakawanda. Mukuwedzera, kusimudza uku kunowedzerwa nekuita kunozivikanwa se Coanda mhedzisiro inoshanda kune ese viscous zvinwiwa. Naizvozvo, iyo Coanda effect Izvo zvakakosha pakutsanangura kuti kusimudza kunowanikwa sei mundege.

Tsananguro yakadzama

Iyo Coanda mhedzisiro inokonzeresa zvinwiwa kuti zviwane nzvimbo munzira yavo uye zvinowanzo kunamatira pazviri. Muganhu wemuganho unoumbwa pakati pemapiro profile uye mhepo inoyerera seye laminar layer, yekutanga inonamatira kune bapiro uye inokwevera mamwe ese akaturikidzana pamusoro payo. Mhedzisiro yemutemo wechitatu waNewton inowedzerwazve kana mafambiro emhepo akanamatira kune chimiro, mweya unoyerera uchidzika uchinonamatira kune chimiro.

Zvose izvi zvinowedzera nekumhanya kwemhepo. Pakutanga kwemupumburu wekutora, ndege inomhanya zvishoma nezvishoma, saka kusimudza kunowedzera nekukurumidza. Iwe unogona kuzvinzwisisa zviri nani nemuenzaniso. Kana tikaburitsa maoko edu nepahwindo remota, sezvo kukurumidza kunowedzera, tinocherechedza kuti simba remhepo rinowanzosimudza maoko.

Asi chii chinoita kuti ndege ikwire kumusoro kusimudza mhino, iyo inonzi kuwedzera kona yekurwisa. Kona yekurwiswa ndiyo kona inoumbwa neikozvino kupinza pabapiro profile zvine chekuita neiyo profil. Kamwe kusimudza kunowedzera nekupeteka kweiyo bapiro profile (kutambanudza nzvimbo yainayo: kumberi slats uye kumashure maflaps), muswe stabilizer elevator inofamba. Ichi chiito chinoita mhino yendege inosimuka. Nemhino kumusoro, tinowedzera kona yekurwisa. Izvi zvine mugumisiro wakafanana kana tikaisa ruoko rwedu kunze kwefafitera remotokari, kana tikasimudza ruoko rwedu munzira yekufamba, ruoko runokwira. Zvose izvi zvinoshanda pamwe chete kusimudza ndege.

Sezvauri kuona, nekuda kwekuedza kwakawanda uye dzidziso, ndege dzakakwanisa kubhururuka uye kuva chikamu chehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve nei ndege dzichibhururuka.

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