Nyika inonakidza yeasteroids zvakare inobatanidza vanhu nezvakavanzika zvemuchadenga.. Uye, pane ese asteroids auya pedyo nepasi redu, izvo zvinonzi 2012 KT42 yakaratidza chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yenguva pfupi yapfuura yezvenyeredzi. Kunyange zvazvo nzira yaro yakanga iri pedyo zvikuru uye yakakurumidza, vazhinji havasati vaziva maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwekunyorwa kwayo. Kunzwisisa mamiriro, ukuru, uye ruzivo rwechiitiko ichi kunotibatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani njodzi nezvinoshamisa zvinovanda muchadenga.
Muchinyorwa chino tinokupa iwe kuongororwa kwakadzama kwe2012 KT42, kusanganisira yake kuwanikwa, hunhu hwemuviri, zvinogona kukanganisa, uye kukosha kwenzira yayo zvesainzi. Tinokukoka iwe kuti uongorore zvakadzama, ujekese pfungwa nezve asteroids, uye uone kuti nei ichi chidiki chekudenga, kunyangwe nehukuru hwayo, yanga iri nyaya yekuongorora uye nharo pakati pevazivi venyeredzi pasi rese.
Chii chinonzi asteroid 2012 KT42?
Asteroid 2012 KT42 chinhu chedombo chemuchadenga chakaonekwa muna Chivabvu 2012. izvo zvakashamisa nzanga yesainzi nekuda kwekuswedera kwayakaita kuNyika. Iro zita rinotevera rakajairwa nomenclature yeasteroids, yakatumidzwa zvinoenderana negore radzo nemavhiki maviri ekuwanikwa. Pasinei nekuve diki kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe maasteroid anozivikanwa, iyi mutumbi wekudenga waisiyaniswa nekumhanya kwayo uye padyo., iyo yakaita kuti ive imwe yezviitiko zvakadzidzwa zvakanyanya muzana remakore rapfuura.
Iyo inofungidzirwa saizi yeasteroid KT42 inotenderera pakati pe3 uye 10 metres mudhayamita., kunyangwe mimwe mishumo ichiiisa panosvika 7 metres. Chiyero ichi chinenge chidiki mumashoko emuchadenga, asi chakakwana kukwezva kutarisisa kwenharaunda yesainzi yepasirese, iyo ine hanya nezve zvingangoitika uye mukana wekudzidza mitumbi midiki iyi musolar system.
Kukosha kwekusangana uku kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuswedera uye mamiriro e orbital. Iyo KT42 yakatobhururuka mukati mekutenderera kweiyo geosynchronous satellite, inotarisira kuzhinji kutaurirana kwepasirese kubva kune vane mukurumbira. Clarke orbit (pakukwirira kwemakiromita 36.000). Izvi zvinoreva kuti gwara rayo harina kungopfuura padyo nemhepo yePasi chete, asi zvakare rakafudza nzvimbo iyo meteorological uye kutaurirana masetellite akakosha kunharaunda anowanikwa.
Muviri uye orbital maitiro e2012 KT42
Asteroid KT42 iri pakati pediki diki rakamboonekwa richipfuura padyo nePasi.. Kureba kwayo, inofungidzirwa pakati pe3 kusvika 10 metres, uye huremu hwayo — kunyangwe husati hwanyatsoverengerwa — idiki kwazvo kana ichienzaniswa nemimwe miviri yakawanda inotenderera zuva. Nekureva, mamwe maasteroids ari pedyo akakura zvakanyanya, mamwe anosvika makumi mana nemashanu emamita uye achirema 45 matani, izvo zvinoisa diki yeKT14.000 mumaonero.
Kana iri yake kuumbwa, kufanana nemaasteroid akawanda, KT42 inofungidzirwa kuve ine matombo kana kabhoni mune zvakasikwa. Iko hakuna chaiyo data pane yayo taxonomic classification, sezvo nekuda kwehukuru hwayo uye nekumhanya kwakanyanya zvaigoneka kuichengeta kwenguva pfupi. Nekudaro, iyo yakakwira ratidziro uye kupenya kwakaonekwa panguva yekupfuura kwayo kunoratidza kuti inogona kunge iine nzvimbo inopenya, nekudaro kuve nyore kwayo kuonekwa kunyangwe idiki diki.
Kumhanya kweasteroid ndicho chimwe chezvainyanya kubata pfungwa dzesainzi.. Yakanga ichifamba makiromita angangoita gumi nenomwe pasekondi, yakaenzana nemakiromita angangoita 17 paawa, chiverengero chinokatyamadza kunyangwe mumamiriro ekunze. Kuenzanisira ukuru hweichi nhano, rangarira kuti nhambwe yafambwa yakafanana neiyo yekufamba nendege inopfuura makondinendi kubva kuNew York kuenda kuNew Zealand, asi yakananga pamwero wepakati.
Nezve yako orbital trajectoryKT42 inotevera elliptical orbit yakatenderedza Zuva, ine nguva inofungidzirwa yemakore 1,5. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, mushure mekupfuura kwayo pedyo nePasi, asteroid yakaramba ichienda kuZuva mukati mekutenderera kwayo kwechisikigo, pasina kusangana kune njodzi kunotarisirwa munguva pfupi kana yepakati.
Chiitiko: Nzira yenhoroondo uye yakachengeteka
Chivabvu 29, 2012 ichayeukwa mukuongorora nyeredzi kwekukurumidza kupfuura kweKT42. pedyo neNyika. Kunyange zvazvo fungidziro dzekutanga dzakaratidza kuti kusvika kwacho kwaizova makiromita angangoita 58.000 14.000, daro rakaderera rekupedzisira raingova 14.440 24 kana XNUMX XNUMX km, maererano nezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kukosha kwechiitiko. Haisi chete yaive nzira yechitanhatu yepedyo yeasteroid yakarekodhwa, asi zvakaitikawo "nekushamisika": kuvepo kwayo kwakaonekwa maawa makumi maviri nemana apfuura.
Ichi chokwadi chakaunza kumwe kunetseka uye kufarira pamusoro pezvingangoitika zvezvivakwa zvemuchadenga.. Nekudaro, nyanzvi dzakakurumidza kusimbisa kuti, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo uye chimiro chekufamba kwayo, haina kuisa njodzi yakakosha kuPasi kana masatellite ekugadzira anoshanda munzvimbo iyi.
Iyo asteroid yakaramba ichitenderera yakananga kuZuva mushure mekusangana kwenhoroondo iyi., zvichiita kuti masayendisiti averenge zvingangoitika zveramangwana uye kuongorora chimiro chayo chemukati nekucherechedza kupenya kwayo uye maitiro. Zvisinei nekukatyamadza kwechikamu, KT42 ingangove isingauye iyi padyo nepasi redu zvakare mumakumi emakore ari kuuya, kunyangwe mamodheru e orbital asingaregi kumwe kusangana kuri kure.
Chii chaizoitika dai asteroid yarova?
Imwe yemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa panguva uye mushure meiyo 2012 KT42 ndima yaive: Chii chingadai chaitika dai yarovera paNyika? Masayendisiti anovimbisa kuti njodzi yacho yakanga iri shoma uye kuti pasi rakanga risiri mungozi. Chikonzero chikuru: hukuru hwayo hudiki uye huwandu.
Panyaya yeKT42, Mhedzisiro yacho ingangove yakava mvura yemameteorite madiki, zvichida ichiperekedzwa nemhepo, asi kwete njodzi. Zvingadai zvakanetsa kuona chero marara emarara, sezvo zvinhu zvakawanda zvaizoita mhute zvisati zvasvika pasi. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei vesainzi vachiona zviitiko izvi nemusanganiswa wekutarisira uye runyararo.
Ichi chiitiko chaivewo mukana wekufananidza nemamwe maasteroids akapfuura pedyo nekare kana kuti anotarisirwa kupfuura mune ramangwana, zvakadai sa 2012 DA14, iyo hukuru uye mukana wekuvhiringidza ma satellites wakanga wakakura zvikuru, kana kuti ma asteroids makuru akanyorwa kubva muzana remakore rechiXNUMX kusvika nhasi.
Chii chinonzi asteroid uye inorongwa sei?
Usati waenderera mberi, zvakakodzera kujekesa chii chaizvo chinonzi asteroid. inotsanangurwa se kamuviri kadiki musolar system, yedombo, simbi kana kuti carbonaceous nature, ine zvimiro zvidiki pane zvepasi uye zvakakura pane izvo zve meteoroid. Kutenderera kwayo kunowanzo kuwanikwa pakati peMars neJupiter, munharaunda inozivikanwa kwazvo ye asteroid bhandi, kunyange zvazvo mamwe, akadai seKT42, akatsauswa mumigwagwa inoyambuka nzira dzemapuraneti makuru, kusanganisira Earth.
Kubva pakatsanangurwazve mapuraneti muna 2006 neInternational Astronomical Union, ma asteroid akaverengerwa mukati mezvinonzi. miviri midiki yesolar system. Padivi pavo pane comets, trans-Neptunian zvinhu uye chero chipi zvacho chakasimba chinotenderera Zuva uye idiki pane saneti diki.
Chinhu chinoda kuziva ndiko kwakabva zita rayo: Izwi rokuti 'asteroid' rinobva muchiGiriki uye rinoreva 'yakaumbwa nenyeredzi', nokuda kwechitarisiko chadzo chakajeka kana ichionekwa kubva kuNyika. Zvisinei, chitarisiko chavo chakasiana zvakajeka neyemapuraneti kana kuti ma<em>comets ane miswe.
Mazhinji asteroids ane semi-stable orbits ari pakati peMars neJupiter, kunyangwe paine anonzi pedyo-Earth asteroids (NEAs) iyo, seKT42, inogona kuuya pedyo nepasi redu pane dzimwe nguva murwendo rwavo rwekutenderera.
Nei ndima ye2012 KT42 ichikosha zvakanyanya kune nyeredzi
Kukoshera kwechiitiko ichi kunoenda kure kupfuura zvinyorwa zvaro. Kudzidza ndima yepedyo yeasteroids seKT42 inopa yakakosha data yekuvandudza yekutarisa uye yekuona masisitimu ezvinhu zvine njodzi.. Pese panowanikwa mutumbi werudzi urwu uye nekuongororwa zvakadzama, maitiro ekuverenga orbital anokwenenzverwa, maalgorithms ekutevera anovandudzwa, uye, pamusoro pezvose, nzira dzekupindura dzinogadzirirwa kune zvinogona kuitika mune ramangwana.
Chiitiko ichi chakakurudzirawo kubatana kwesainzi pasi rese, nekutsikiswa kwemapepa mumagazini epamusoro-soro akadai seMasikirwo uye kuburitswa kwechokwadi-nguva nevezvenhau nemasangano ezvenyeredzi. Chidzidzo chechokwadi mukuparadzira uye kushanda pamwe chete mukutarisana nematambudziko enzvimbo.
Nzira dzakaita seKT42 dzinobatsira kusimudzira ruzivo nezve kukosha kwekutsvaga muchadenga. uye kuisa mukukosha zviwanikwa zvakagadzirirwa kudzidza nezvechadenga. Euro yega yega inodyarwa mukutarisisa kwemuchadenga nekuongorora ivimbiso diki panjodzi dzisingatarisirwe dzenguva yemberi, pamwe chete netsime risingaperi reruzivo rwesainzi.
Kupfuura kweasteroid 2012 KT42 ingori 14.440 km kubva kuPasi kunoramba kuri chiyeuchidzo chekuti muchadenga chinoramba chakazara nezvinoshamisa. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, kumhanya uye mafambiro, chaive chiitiko chinoshamisa asi pasina njodzi kupasi redu. Sainzi inoenderera mberi nekudzidza kubva muzvikamu izvi, kuvandudza gadziriro yedu uye kuwedzera ruzivo rwedu pamusoro pemaitiro uye maitiro emitumbi midiki yesolar. Kubva pakutenderera kwaClarke kusvika kubhandi reasteroid, chidimbu chega chega che data chakaunganidzwa inhanho yekuswedera pedyo nekunzwisisa nzvimbo yedu mu cosmos uye mafambisirwo evagari vayo vashoma vasingaverengeki.
