Chando cheArctic chinonyungudika pamwero unotyisa, uye tarisiro yekunyangarika kwayo zvachose mumakumi emakore ari kuuya iri kuwedzera kuva yechokwadi. Chiitiko ichi chine chekuita nekudziya kwepasi rose, uko kunokanganisa chando chiri kuyerera paArctic Ocean nemakungwa akaitenderedza. Mamiriro acho akakomba kupfuura zvaifungidzirwa pakutanga: kwete chete chando chechidiki, icho chinongova nemakore mashoma, chinokanganiswa, asi. Aizi yekare iri mungoziwo yokutsakatika.
Kuyera huwandu hweArctic ice inyaya yakaoma nekuda kwekushaikwa kweiyo data chaiyo. Kuti vagadzirise nyaya iyi, vatsvakurudzi veNASA vakashandisa nzira itsva yekuongorora yakagadziriswa neYunivhesiti yeColorado, iyo inobvumira chando kuti chitariswe kubva ku1984 kusvika ikozvino. Ongororo iyi inosanganisira kuyerwa kweakasiyana ma parameter, senge tembiricha, munyu, kugadzirwa uye ukobvu hwechando chechando chakafukidza ice, uchishandisa satellite passive microwave zviridzwa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve iyi nyaya, ona kuti sei chando chinonyunguduka muArctic iri kukanganisa mamwe matunhu epasi.
Achishandisa tekinoroji iyi, masayendisiti akagadzira kapopopu kanoratidza kukura uye kupera kweaizi yeArctic mumakore 32 apfuura, zvichiratidza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti huwandu hwechando muArctic hahugari. Gore roga roga rinowedzera munguva yechando uye rinoderera munguva yezhizha, kutenderera kunowanzoitika. Ichando inopukunyuka munguva yechando inogona kukura zvakanyanya: mumakore mashomanana ekutanga inogona kuwedzera ne 1 kusvika ku 3 mamita, uye iyo yekare yechando inogona kusvika pakukora kusvika mamita mana. Izvi aizi yekare Kazhinji kazhinji inodzivirira kukanganiswa kwemasaisai nemadutu; zvisinei, haina kudzivirirwa pakukwira kwekushisa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve mamiriro echando, unogona kuverenga nezve sei Aizi yeArctic inonyungudukawo muchando.
NASA Goddard Ice Muongorori Walt Meier akati yakawanda yeaizi yekare yeArctic yakarasika. Muna 1980, aizi yemakore akawanda yakaverengera kupfuura 20% yeaizi yakazara yakavharwa. Zvisinei, nhasi, chikamu ichi chakaderera zvikuru kusvika pa3%. Kana izvi zvikaramba zvichienderera mberi, Arctic ingangosangana nekupisa kusina aizi munguva pfupi iri kutevera, izvo zvingave nemhedzisiro ine njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kukanganisa kwekurasikirwa kwechando ichi, zvakakodzera kuverenga pamusoro mhedzisiro yekunyungudika muArctic.
Humbowo hweKuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze
Mifananidzo uye data yakaunganidzwa neNASA inoratidza zvisingarambike kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Vhidhiyo yakaburitswa nesangano iri inoratidza kuti aizi muArctic Ocean yakadzikira sei mukati memakumi matatu emakore apfuura. MunaSeptember 1984, chando chekare chakafukidza anenge Makiromita 1.860.000 makiromita, asi pakazosvika 2016 nhamba iyoyo yakanga yadzikira kusvika pairi Makiromita 110.000 makiromita. Kunyunguduka uku hakusi kunetseka chete nekuda kwehuwandu hweaizi yakarasika, asiwo nekuda kwehunhu hwayo. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kukanganisa kwekunyungudika, bvunza iyo .
Ichi chiitiko chekunyunguduka ndicho mhedzisiro ye kukwira kwekushisa, kunyanya munguva yezhizha, nguva iyo chando chekare, iyo inofanira kunge yakanyanyisa uye isingagoni kunyunguduka, inowedzera kutyisidzirwa. Iye zvino, iyo yegungwa ice cover yakawedzera zvakanyanya panjodzi yekudziya zvose kubva mumhepo uye munyanza. Mukuwedzera, the kunyunguduka kweArctic permafrost Iri kusimudzawo kushushikana nezve methane yakabatwa iyo inogona kuburitswa munzvimbo.
Chinhu chinotyisa ndechekuti gore rega rega, aizi yegungwa reArctic haingodzikire munzvimbo, asiwo inova mutete uye diki. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anogadzira kutenderera kwakashata kunoenderera mberi kuomesa kupora kweaizi, sezvo aizi yakatetepa inonyungudika nekukurumidza, zvichiwedzera kukwira kwekushisa kwepasirese. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve kutenderera uku, unogona kuverenga nezve sei Kunyunguduka ice muSouthern Ocean kunogona kukanganisa kuumbwa kwegore.
NASA Observations uye Migumisiro
NASA yanga ichidzidza kushanduka kweArctic ice ichishandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekuvandudza. Semuenzaniso, vaongorori vakagadzira nzira inotevedzera mafambiro eaizi sezvainofamba mugungwa, zvichiita kuti masayendisiti atsvage aizi kusvika yanyunguduka kana kuti ichibva kuArctic.
Mukuwedzera, kuongorora kunosanganisira kuyera kupenya kwekushisa kunobudiswa kubva muchando chegungwa. Ichi chiyero, chinokonzerwa nekushisa, salinity uye maitiro, inopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pehutano hwechando. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuziva kuti zviyero zvakanangana zvehukobvu hweaizi hazviwanzo, zvichiita kuti masayendisiti avimbe nefungidziro yakavakirwa pane data kubva kwakasiyana-siyana kuti itarise kushanduka kwayo. Izvi zvinova zvakakosha kuti unzwisise shanduko irikuenderera mberi yeaizi muArctic uye kuti izvi zvingakanganisa sei nzvimbo dziri kure, sezvaungaverenge muchinyorwa nezve. Kunyungudika kweArctic kunokanganisa sei Spain.
Kurasikirwa kweaizi muArctic chiratidzo chakajeka chemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Dhata yakaunganidzwa neNASA kubvira kuyerwa kwesetiraiti kwakatanga muma1970s kunoratidza kuti shanduko munharaunda iyi ingangove isina kumboitika mumakore angangoita chiuru. Chiyero chechando chemakore akawanda chinofungidzirwa kuti chakadzikira neinenge 1000%, zvichiratidza kushanduka kunoshamisa kune vadiki, chando chisingachinjiki.
Arctic ice haisi kungonyungudika chete, asi zvakare kuve neshanduko inogona kuve nenjodzi kumamiriro ekunze epasi. Kunyangarika kweaizi yegungwa hakukanganise mhuka nemaruva edunhu chete, sezvakacherechedzwa mumapere epolar, asi zvakare kukanganisa mamiriro ekunze epasirese nekuti aizi inoita basa rakakosha mukudzora kudziya kwepasi. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve njodzi iyi inokonzeresa, unogona kuverenga nezve njodzi yekunyungudika Antarctica kuvanhu.
