Iyo asteroid Bennu Zvakamutsa kufarira kukuru munharaunda yesainzi uye neruzhinji nekuda kwekuva pedyo kwayo nePasi uye nenjodzi yekukanganisa kwayo. Iine dhayamita inosvika mazana mashanu emamita uye huremu hwematani 500 miriyoni, ndiyo imwe yeasteroids inotariswa zvakanyanya neNASA nemamwe masangano emuchadenga.
Kutenda kumission OSIRIS-REx, zvave zvichigoneka kudzidza nemazvo chaizvo kutenderera kwaro, kuumbwa uye zvinogona kuitika kana pakaitika kubondera. Ichi chinyorwa chinounganidza ruzivo rwese rwuripo nezve Bennu, ichiongorora nhoroondo yayo, maitiro, uye inogona kukanganisa pasi redu.
Saizi uye hunhu hweasteroid Bennu
Bennu ari B-mhando asteroid, kureva kuti, yakapfuma mu carbon uye organic materials. Inofungidzirwa kuti kuumbwa kwayo kunotanga pakati pe700 mamiriyoni uye 2.000 bhiriyoni makore apfuura. Kureba kwayo kunenge 490-500 metres uye uwandu hwayo 7,3 × 10¹⁰ kg. Panyaya ye density, yakaverengerwa kuti ine density ye 1.190 makirogiramu / m³, zvichiratidza kuti kuunganidzwa kwemarara.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza zvakawanikwa zveOSIRIS-REx ndechekuti Bennu inobudisa zvidimbu zviduku zvedombo kupinda muchadenga zvoga, hunhu zvisingaite kune asteroid yehukuru hwayo.
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kusimba kweasteroids aya, zvinobatsirawo kuziva mimwe mienzaniso, senge asteroid Apophis, iyo inomiririra chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekudzidza mukudzivirira kwepasi uye maitiro ayo akasiyana.
Orbit uye ramangwana trajectory
Bennu ndewemhuri ye Apollo asteroids, zvinoreva kuti orbit yayo inoyambuka iyo yeNyika. Yayo orbital nguva ndeye 436,6 mazuva uye iri kuswedera pedyo nepasi redu nguva dzose makore matanhatu. Iyo perihelion (yepedyo nzvimbo kune Zuva) iri 0,8969 AU uye aphelion yayo (kurebesa nzvimbo) inosvika 1,356 AU.
Maererano nemhando dze kufanotaura zvichibva paOSIRIS-REx data, munaGunyana 24, 2182 Ndiro zuva rine mukana wepamusoro wekukanganisa, kunyangwe izvi zvichiri zvishoma, zvingangoita 0,037%. Kusvikira gore ra2300, mukana wakakwana wekudhumhana uri 0,057%.
Kunyangwe mikana yekukanganisa iri shoma, kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kwemaasteroids seBennu kwakakosha kutarisira chero kutyisidzira mune ramangwana.
Zvinogoneka mhedzisiro kana kukanganisa
Dai Bennu yaizorova Pasi, mhedzisiro yacho yaizoenderana nekumhanya, kona uye nzvimbo yekukanganisa. Inofungidzirwa kuti yaizoburitsa simba rakaenzana ne 1.421 megatons, 28 times zvimwe kuti Tsar Bomba, kuputika kukuru kwenyukireya kwakambogadzirwa.
Zvinonyanya kuitika zvinosanganisira:
- Un kukanganisa munguva yechando nekuderera kwekushisa kwepasi rose kusvika 4ºC.
- Kuderera kwe 15% yekunaya kwemvura.
- kuderedza kwe 32% ye ozone layer, kuwedzera ultraviolet mwaranzi.
- Descent of the 36% yepasi rose photosynthesis y 25% yemauto emugungwa, kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwezvokudya.
Hukuru hwezvinoitika izvi hunosimbisa kukosha kwekudzidza nekunzwisisa zvese Bennu nemamwe maasteroid anogona kuunza njodzi huru.
Iyo OSIRIS-REx mishoni uye zvayakawana
La OSIRIS-REx basa, yakatangwa muna 2016, yanga iri kiyi yekunzwisisa Bennu zvakadzama. The spacecraft yakapedza makore anopfuura maviri ichiitenderedza, ichiunganidza sampuli uye ichiongorora maumbirwo ayo nemafambisirwo ayo. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuumbwa kwemitumbi iyi, unogona kubvunza kwakabva asteroids uye kuumbwa kwavo muzuva.
Muna 2023, samples dzakadzoswa kuPasi dzakaratidza kuti Bennu ine kabhoni, mvura uye phosphorus, zvinhu zvinokosha pakuumbwa kwoupenyu. Kuwanikwa uku kunosimbisa dzidziso yekuti maasteroid anogona kunge akakonzeresa kuunza zvinhu zvakakosha zvehupenyu kuNyika yekutanga.
Izvi zvakawanikwa hazvina kungowedzera ruzivo rwedu pamusoro peBennu, asiwo zvine zvazvinoreva pakudzidza kwemamwe maasteroid uye hukama hwawo nekwakabva hupenyu paNyika.
Planetary defense uye diversion mikana
Sezvo Bennu ari imwe yemaasteroid angangoita kudhumhana nePasi, NASA nemamwe masangano emuchadenga ari kugadzira nzira dzekuti. kudzivirira kwepasi. Basa reNASA reDART rakaratidza mukana wekutsausa asteroids kuburikidza nekukanganisa, kugadzira nzira yemhinduro dzeramangwana kudzikamisa zvinogona kuitika. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani nzira dzekutsauka, unogona zvakare kubvunza Iyo DART mishoni uye asteroid deflection matekiniki.
Kune rimwe divi, iyo Chinese space agency yakaronga kuvhurwa maroketi kushandura trajectory yeBennu kana zvichidikanwa mune ramangwana. Kuongorora uye kudzidza asteroids seBennu hakungokoshese kuchengetedzwa kwepasi chete, asi zvakare kupa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve zvakabva y kushanduka kwezuva. Nekuda kweiyo OSIRIS-REx mishoni, isu tinoziva kupfuura nakare kose nezve iyi asteroid inonakidza uye zvingangove zvazvinoreva kuPasi mumazana emakore anotevera.
