Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze muAntarctica kuri kuita kuti maruva eko awedzere kukura, izvo zvinogona kureva shanduko yakakosha yenzvimbo yenharaunda. Nepo vesainzi vakamboona kuwedzera kukura kwezvirimwa zvichienderana nekudziya kwemamiriro ekunze muNorthern Hemisphere, iyi ndiyo yekutanga kunyorwa shanduko kumaodzanyemba kweAntarctica.
Munyaya ino tichakuudza chikonzero nei Zuva nezuva kune maruva akawanda muAntarctica, migumisiroi yavanogona kuva nayo pane zvakatipoteredza uye nei izvi zviri kuitika.
Zuva nezuva kune maruva akawanda muAntarctica
Ongororo ichangobva kubuda mubepanhau reCurrent Biology inoratidza kuti maruva emukondinendi iyi akakura nekukurumidza mumakore gumi apfuura nekuda kwekukwira kwekushisa. Nicoletta Cannone, munyori anotungamira wechidzidzo ichi uye akabatana napurofesa wezveecology paInsubria University kuItaly, akaenzanisa Antarctica necanary mumugodhi wemarasha.
Mhoteredzo yekondinendi iyi yakaoma inoganhurira upenyu hwezvirimwa, uye marudzi maviri chete ndiwo anogona kubudirira uye kuvapo zvishoma. Tsvagiridzo yakanangana nekuwedzera kweDeschampsia antarctica, rudzi rwehuswa, uye Colobanthus quitensis, iyo inobereka maruva madiki yeyero, pakati pa2009 na2018. Zvidyarwa izvi zvine metabolism yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya kune yakanyanyisa Antarctic mamiriro ekunze, inokwanisa kuita photosynthesis kunyangwe muzasi-zero tembiricha yakafukidzwa nechando uye kutangazve kukura kwayo mushure menguva refu yechando.
Vachiisa pfungwa dzavo paSigny Island mukati meSouth Orkney Islands, Cannone nechikwata chake vakaita ongororo yavo yechirimwa mukuyedza kuunganidza ruzivo rwekukura kwechirimwa. Nzvimbo iyi yakasarudzwa nekuda kwezvinyorwa zvayo zvenhoroondo zvekusimukira kwechirimwa ichi.
Nekuenzanisa mwero wekukura kwenhambo yemakore mapfumbamwe nezvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvekutanga 1960s, masayendisiti akawana chikuru: Zvirimwa zvinobudirira munzvimbo dzinodziya. Mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuti Colobanthus akawana kukura kwakakura zvakapetwa kashanu pakati pa2009 na2018 zvichienzaniswa nekukura kwakaonekwa pakati pa1960 na2009.
Saizvozvo, Deschampsia yakaratidza kukura zvakapetwa kagumi mumakore gumi apfuura. Shanduko iyi inocherekedza inogona kuverengerwa kuavhareji yekushisa kwemhepo kwepagore kwechitsuwa ichi kuwedzera ne1 degree Celsius (1,8 degrees Fahrenheit) pakati pa1960 na2018. Zvirimwa izvi zviri kukohwa zvakajeka mabhenefiti enzvimbo yazvo itsva, inodziya.
Kuferefeta uye bvunzo
Cannone akati tsvagiridzo yake inopa humbowo hwekutanga hwekukurumidza mhedzisiro yekudziya kwemamiriro ekunze muAntarctica. Mukuongorora kwake kwakanyorwa akasimbisa kukosha kwezvirimwa sechiratidzo chikuru chemamiriro ezvinhu epasi, sezvo, kusiyana nemhuka, Havagoni kunzvenga migumisiro yekudziya kwemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekutama.
Kusiyana nedzidziso dzakapfuura, tsvakiridzo ichangoburwa yakaratidza kuti Antarctica haina kudzivirirwa nekukwira kwekushisa, kunyangwe nhanho yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze munharaunda ino isiri kukurumidza seArctic. Ongororo yemuna 2020 yakaratidza kuti Antarctica yakasangana nekudziya kwekudziya zvakapetwa katatu kupfuura avhareji yepasi rose mumakore makumi matatu apfuura.
Antarctica yakasangana nekurasikirwa kukuru kweaizi mumakore achangopfuura, izvo zviri kunetsa. Kubva 2008 kusvika 2015, kondinendi yakaona zvinoshamisa mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nematanhatu emarita pagore kuwedzera mukurasikirwa kweaizi yegungwa. Uyezve, Ongororo ye2019 yakaratidza kuti chikamu chimwe muzvina cheAntarctic glaciers chakadzikama kubvira 1992. Izvi zvinosanganisira mazaya echando akakosha seThwaites Glacier, inozivikanwa zvinotyisa seDoomsday Glacier, iyo yakaratidza zviratidzo zvinotyisa zvekushushikana.
Kunyangwe panogona kunge paine zvimwe zvisiri zvemamiriro ekunze zvinokonzera kutumbuka kwemaruva, chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti kuvapo kweAntarctic fur seals pazvitsuwa zvakaita seSigny kwakachinja huwandu hwezvirimwa. Zvisinei, kubvumirana kukuru ndekwekuti kudziya kwemamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukurumidza kukura kwechirimwa pamwero wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura zvakafanotaurwa nemasayendisiti.
Cannone akaratidza kushamisika kwake nekukasira kwekukurumidza kunoonekwa muchidzidzo ichi, sezvo vaongorori vaitarisira kuwedzera kukura kwezvirimwa izvi panguva yezvidzidzo zvavo, asi. Vakanga vasina kutarisira chiitiko chekukura uku. Ongororo yenhamba yeCannone inosimbisa hukama pakati pekukwira kwetembiricha yechirimo uye kubudirira kwehupenyu hwezvirimwa.
Kukwira kwe tembiricha muAntarctica
Kukwira kwetembiricha muAntarctica hakungokonzerese kuti mhuka dzemuno dzibudirire dziri dzoga, asi zvakare zvichagadzira njodzi nyowani yezvisiri zvekuzvarwa zvipenyu zvinozvimisikidza mudunhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira algae, barnacles, mussels, uye zvimwe zvirimwa kana zvipembenene. Ongororo yakaitwa neYunivhesiti yeCambridge, yakaburitswa mupepanhau resainzi PNAS, yakaona kuti zvipenyu izvi zvinogona kubudirira nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kusingadzoreki kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana.
Vatsvaguri vakatsvaga mafambiro engarava muzviteshi zvepasirese uye vakagumisa kuti Gungwa reMaodzanyemba rakatenderedza Antarctica, rinozivikanwa nemaruva nemhuka dzayo dzakasiyana, ndiyo inzvimbo yakasarudzika yegungwa paPasi. Zvisinei, Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uku kwaita kuti dunhu iri rive pangozi yekuuya kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika. Nekuwanda kwezvifambiso munzvimbo iyi, zvipenyu zveAntarctica zvisina kusimba zvinotarisana netyisidziro huru.
Zvakaoma kuti sainzi ione kuti White Continent ichashanduka kupi, asi chiri pachena ndechekuti shanduko iyi ichakanganisa mamiriro ekunze epasi rese, ichichinja mararamiro ezvipenyu zvese zvinogara mairi.
Sezvauri kuona, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukonzera kukura kwezvirimwa muAntarctica, iyo, zvakare, iri kudziya nekukurumidza kupfuura dzimwe nyika.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve zvikonzero nei kune mamwe maruva muAntarctica mazuva ese.