Zvakawanikwa mumunda wezvenyeredzi zvine nharaunda yesainzi pamucheto: timu yepasirese yevaongorori yaona Zvisina kujairika zviratidzo zvemakemikari mumhepo ye exoplanet K2-18b, iri kure ne124 light-years kure, izvo zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nebiological process. Ichi chiwanikwa, kunyangwe chichiri kure nekuve chisimbiso chechokwadi, chinomiririra kufambira mberi kwakakosha kusvika parizvino mukutsvaga hupenyu hwekunze kwenyika.
Iyo exoplanet K2-18b, iri muboka renyeredzi Leo, chikamu chekirasi yemapuraneti anozivikanwa se. Hyceans, inoratidzirwa nehukuru hwadzo hwepakati pakati pePasi neNeptune, uye nekugona kwavo kugamuchira makungwa emvura ari pasi pemhepo yakaoma yehydrogen-rich. Aya marudzi enyika anoonekwa seanovimbisa mune zvenyeredzi, kunyanya pakugona kwavo kuchengetedza mamiriro akagadzikana nekufamba kwenguva.
Mhepo ine zvipenyu zvinogona kuitika
Kushandisa zviridzwa zvemhando yepamusoro James Webb Space Telescope, chikwata chevazivi venyeredzi chakakwanisa kuona mumhepo yeK2-18b zviratidzo zvinotaridzika zvinoenderana ne Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) uye dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). Makomisheni aya, ari paNyika, ane mavambo ebhayoloji chete, kunyanya anokonzerwa ne marine microorganisms dzakadai phytoplankton.
Kuzivikanwa kwezvinhu izvi kwakaitwa kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwe spectroscopy panguva mafambiro epasi pamberi penyeredzi yaro. Iyi nzira inotibvumira kuongorora kuti mamwe mafungu echiedza chenyeredzi anotorwa sei nemagasi emuchadenga epasi, achiburitsa maumbirwo ayo.
Mazano ekutanga emamorekuru aya akabatwa neJWST's NIRISS uye NIRSpec zviridzwa, zvinoshanda mu pedyo-infrared range. Mushure meizvozvo, yekuwedzera yekutarisa neiyo MIRI module, nyanzvi yepakati-infrared, yakasimbisa kuvapo kwezviratidzo zvakafanana nekujekesa kukuru. Ichi chishandiso redundancy inopa kusimba kukuru kune yakawanikwa data.
Maererano nemasayendisiti, kuvapo kweDMS neDMDS mukati hune zviuru zvakapetwa kane zviuru kupfuura zvinoonekwa pasi pano zvinogona kureva kuvapo kweimwe mhando yezviitwa zvipenyu. Zvisinei, vanobvuma izvozvo Zvinogoneka zvakare kuti zvinhu izvi zvinogadzirwa neasiri-biological makemikari maitiro zvichiri kuzivikanwa mumhando iyi yenzvimbo dzemapuraneti.
Nyika inogoneka yeHycean
K2-18b ine huremu zvakapetwa kasere kumusoro kune iyo yePasi uye dhayamita ingangoita 2,6 times hombe. Nzvimbo mu nzvimbo inogoneka yenyeredzi yaro inoratidza kuti inogona kuvapo mvura iri mumvura, hunokosha kuupenyu sezvatinohuziva.
Yakapfuura Webb teresikopu yekutarisa yakanga yatoonekwa organic mamorekuru akadai methane uye carbon dioxide mumhepo yepasi, zvichisimbisa fungidziro yekuti inzvimbo inokodzera kugarika. Aya data anowirirana nekuvapo kwe a Hycean planet, nyika yakafukidzwa nemakungwa nemhepo ine hydrogen-rich.
Iyi mhando ye exoplanet ichiri nyowani uye, kunyangwe ivo vaisagona kugamuchira upenyu hwakangwara hwakaoma, hongu vaigona kutsigira microbial organisms zvakafanana nekutanga zvisikwa zvipenyu paNyika. Kuonekwa kwezvingangove zvipenyu zvipenyu pasi pemamiriro aya kunonyanya kunakidza.
Dudziro, kungwarira uye matanho anotevera
Nhamba yekuvimba kwehuwandu hwekutsvaga yakaiswa pa 3 chikamu, izvo zvinoreva kuti pane mukana we 0,3% kuti miuyo yakaitika masangana. Nekudaro, mune sainzi zvinodikanwa kusvika kune 5 chikamu kuti titarise zvakawanikwa zvakasimbiswa, izvo zvakaenzana nemukana wekukanganisa uri pasi pe 0,00006%.
Kuti vawane chokwadi ichi, vaongorori vanoronga kuita pakati 16 uye 24 mamwe maawa ekutarisa neJWST. Zvirongwa izvi, zvakarongerwa mwedzi iri kuuya, zvichabatsira kunyatsoona kuvepo kwemamorekuru aya.
Nikku Madhusudhan, nyanzvi yezvenyeredzi pa University of Cambridge uye munyori anotungamira wechidzidzo, anosimbisa izvozvo "Zvakakosha kuti tiise mhedziso dzedu kuongororo yakasimba uye yekupokana; ipapo ndipo patinganyatso simbisa hupenyu hunogona kuitika kunze kwePasi.".
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzekunze dzakaratidzawo kungwarira. Munguva yakapfuura, zvimwe zvinongedzo paK2-18b uye mamwe exoplanets zvakazoitika positives enhema, senge nyaya yemhute yemvura yakatanga kuonekwa, iyo yakazoonekwa sechinhu chakasiyana.
Tiri pedyo nemhinduro chaiyo here?
Kuwanikwa uku kunomutsiridza mumwe wemibvunzo yekare yevanhu: Tiri toga muchadenga here? Kunyangwe humbowo huri paK2-18b huchiri hwekutanga, hunoratidza kuti hupenyu, zvirinani mumhando dzakareruka, inogona kunge isiri yePasi chete.
Ichi chidzidzo chinomiririra kufambira mberi kwakakosha mune hunyanzvi hwekugona kwezviridzwa zvazvino. Iko mukana wekuona biosignatures kuburikidza nekutarisa kwekutarisa kubva kure kure kunoratidza hukuru hwekugona James Webb Telescope uye materesikopu emuchadenga achauya ari kugadziridzwa.
Sezvo data idzva rinounganidzwa nekuongororwa, K2-18b icharamba ichinyanya kufarira mumakore anotevera, tichisimudza mukana wekuti tave padanho rekuchinja kwakasimba mukunzwisisa kwedu kwenzvimbo yedu mu cosmos.
