Kudziya kwepasirese kwakonzera shanduko huru kupasi redu, uye chimwe chezvinonyanya kunetsa ndechekuti ocean acidification. Chiitiko ichi, icho chinotyisidzira kurarama kwezviuru zvemarudzi ezvipenyu zvomugungwa, chatovapo mu Western Arctic Ocean. Chidzidzo chakaitwa neNOAA nevamwe vabatsiri, chakaburitswa mujenari Mamiriro ekunze kuchinja kwemhepo, inoratidza kuti kuita acidification yemvura idzi kunogona kukanganisa zvikuru hove nedzimwe mhuka dziri mumhoteredzo yezvipenyu, zvichikanganisa nzanga dzevanhu dzinotsamira padziri.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti pakati pa1990 na2010, Kudzika kwemvura ine acidified yakawedzera kubva paanenge 99 metres kusvika kune anopfuura 244 metres. Kuwedzera kunotyisa uku kunoratidza kukurumidza kuri kuitika uku kuenzaniswa nemamwe makungwa ari munyika.
Sezvo gungwa richitora carbon dioxide (CO2), mvura inowedzera acidic. Kuwedzera kwe acidity uku kunoita kuti zviomere mhuka dzakavharirwa, dzakadai sehozhwa nehozhwa dzemugungwa, kuvaka mabhomba akakodzera. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvipenyu izvi zvinopera simba, zvichiunza dambudziko rakakomba kunharaunda dzeArctic dzinotsamira pazviri pakudya. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kukanganisa kwe kunyunguduka kweaizi yegungwa Mune ecosystem, zvakakosha kudzidza kuti acidification inokanganisa sei zvipenyu zvakasiyana.
Mumwe munyori wezvidzidzo, Wei-Jun Cai, kubva kuYunivhesiti yeDelaware, akacherechedza izvozvo Gungwa reArctic ndiyo gungwa rekutanga uko kukurumidza uye kwakakura-kukura kwekuwedzera kweasidhi kwakaonekwa, pamwero unosvika kaviri nekukurumidza sezvakaita muPacific kana Atlantic Oceans..
Ongororo yedata remugungwa uye modhi simulations zvakaratidza izvozvo Kuwedzera kwekuyerera kwemvura kubva kuPacific kuenda kuArctic munguva yechando ndiko kwakanyanya kukonzera kuwedzera kweasidhi munzvimbo iyi.. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemafambisirwo emhepo uye kunyunguduka kweaizi yegungwa muzhizha, izvo zvinobvumira mvura zhinji yePacific kuti iyerere ichipinda muArctic, ichiunganidza uye kuwedzera mazinga ecarbon dioxide, izvo zvinozodzikisa pH yemvura yeArctic. Iko kukurumidza kuita acidization yeArctic Ocean inyaya yekuwedzera kunetseka kune vaongorori.
Mumakore mashoma apfuura, kunyunguduka kweaizi yegungwa kwakawedzera mamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvichibvumira mvura zhinji yePacific, iyo yatova neyakakura CO.2, kupinda muArctic Ocean. Izvi zvinoita kuti mvura iite acidify pamwero unotyisa. Parizvino, pH yemvura muArctic iri kuramba ichidzikira, izvo zvinogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakaipa zvipenyu zvomugungwa uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu.
Impact paMarine Biodiversity
Ocean acidification ine mhedzisiro inoparadza pahupenyu hwemugungwa, kunyanya idzo mhando dzinotsamira pa calcium carbonate kuti dzigadzire mukati nekunze zvimiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvipenyu zvakakosha mumaketani ezvekudya, senge:
- Pteropods: Inozivikanwa se "mashavishavi egungwa," hozhwa diki idzi dzinokosha kumarudzi akawanda emugungwa, kusanganisira hove nemhuka dzemugungwa.
- Mollusks: Sezvakaita clams uye mussels, ayo ari chikafu chevanhu nedzimwe mhuka.
- Makorari: Kunyangwe zvisingawanikwe muArctic, kudzidza kwavo kunotibatsira kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nepasi rose zveacidification.
Izvi zvipenyu zvakakosha kwete chete kune basa razvo mune ecosystem, asi zvakare nekuti zvinomiririra kwainotangira. chikafu kune vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzeArctic. Kudzikira kwemhando idzi nekuda kweacidification kunogona kukonzera dambudziko rekudya kunharaunda zhinji dzinotsamira pakuredza. Arctic Ocean acidification inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura pane ecosystem hutano.
Zvikonzero zveAcidification muArctic Ocean
Kuwedzera kweasidhi mugungwa kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuwanda kwe CO2 mumhepo yakapoteredza pasi, zvichibva mumabasa evanhu, zvakadai sokupiswa kwehuni uye kuparadzwa kwemasango. Kuchinja kwemaindasitiri kwakawedzera mwero wecarbon dioxide mumhepo, uye nyanza, sezvo manyura e<em>carbon hombe, anotora iyi gasi, achiichinja kuva carbonic acid. Mhedzisiro yeiyi acidification muArctic Ocean iri kunetsa uye inoda kutariswa nekukurumidza.
Iyi kemikari maitiro inoderedza pH yemvura, zvichiita kuti iwedzere acidic. Nhoroondo, shanduko mugungwa pH yakaitika zvishoma nezvishoma kwezviuru zvemakore, zvichibvumira zvipenyu kuti zvigadzirise. Zvisinei, chiyero chezvino che acidification ndechekuti marudzi mazhinji haazokwanisi kugadzirisa nekukasira zvakakwana. Zvakakosha kuongorora kuti sei kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze iri kukanganisa maitiro aya muArctic Ocean.
Zvinoenderana netsvagiridzo yazvino, mazinga e acidity muArctic Ocean ari kuwedzera nekukurumidza kupfuura mune mamwe makungwa, inoshungurudza maitiro ane zvakawanda zvinorehwa. Somuenzaniso, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana mwero wokunyunguduka ukaramba uchinyunguduka, aizi yegungwa reArctic inogona kupera zvachose muchirimo panosvika 2050.
Shanduko iyi inogona kusandura zvakanyanya kwete hupenyu hwemugungwa chete, asiwo mamiriro ekunze epasi rose, sezvo makungwa achiita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekupisa uye kuchengetedza kabhoni. Izvo zvakakosha kufunga kuti shanduko idzi dzinogona sei kushandura chiyero cheecosystem.
Mhedzisiro yeEcosystem uye Chikafu Chevanhu
Kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakakosha nekuda kweacidification kunogona kuve nekuita domino pane ecosystem yegungwa. Kurarama kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira ayo ari pamusoro pecheni yezvokudya, kunotsamira pautano hwezvinhu zvipenyu zviduku izvo zvinokosha kugadziriro yezvokudya. Somuenzaniso, the saumoni and the herring zvinoenderana zvakanyanya ne pteropods and the mollusks sechikamu chekudya kwavo. Nharaunda dzevanhu dzeArctic dzinovimba nekuredza dzinotarisana neramangwana risina chokwadi nekuda kweacidification nemhedzisiro yaro pahuwandu hwehove.
Nharaunda dzevanhu dziri muArctic dzinorarama nekubata hove dzichakanganiswa zvakanyanya. Kudzikira kwehove nezvimwe zvemugungwa zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira kwekuwana mari nekudya kunharaunda idzi. Uyezve, acidification yegungwa inogona kukanganisa hupfumi hwenyika, zvichipihwa kuti mhando zhinji dzemugungwa dzakakosha pakuredza kwekutengesa. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani zvisikwa zvegungwa uye kuti zvine hukama sei nekuchengetedza chikafu, kumwe kutsvakurudza kwakakosha.
Arctic Ocean acidification chiitiko chisingakanganisi zvipenyu zvemugungwa chete asiwo zvine chekuita nekuchengetedza chikafu uye hupfumi hwenharaunda dzevanhu. Kuwedzera kweasidhi yegungwa chiratidzo chakajeka chekuti kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisa sei pasi redu nezvose zvinorarama pairi.
Matanho ekurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, akadai kuderedzwa kwemweya wegreenhouse gasi, akakosha kudzikamisa acidification yegungwa uye kuchengetedza hupenyu hwemugungwa. Uyezve, kutsvagisa munzvimbo ino kwakakosha kuti unzwisise zvirinani maitiro uye mhedzisiro yeasidhi, pamwe nekugadzira anoshanda ekugadzirisa uye kuderedza maitiro. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kuongorora chii chinotonhora uye kuti zvinokanganisa sei zvipenyu zvemugungwa.
