MuFizikiki, kukurumidza kunodzidziswa se angular kukurumidza. Uhu huwandu hwekusimba kweangular hunoiswa mukutenderera kwekufamba, izvo zvinogadzira mutsara wemutsara wekushandura mafambiro. Angular momentum ivector magnitude iyo inonyanya kuratidzwa nekutenderera kwechinhu chakaita sepoindi kana chinhu chakatambanudzwa chakatenderedza akiso inopfuura nepapoindi. Mukuwedzera, inoenderana nemafungiro akadai se rotatory kufamba.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve angular kumhanya uye mashandisiro ayo mufizikisi.
Chii chinonzi angular kukurumidza
Kana isu tichiedza kuiverengera kuchinhu chiri kufamba chakatenderedza axis, isu tinogara tichida kutsanangura axis yekutenderera zvakakodzera. Isu tichatanga kuyera nechinhu chinongedzo chehukuru m, iyo angular kukurumidza inonyorwa tichishandisa acronym L. Iyo inomiririra yekumhanyisa ndeye p uye chinzvimbo chechetere neruremekedzo kune iyo axis inopfuura nepakati peimwe pfungwa O is r.
Aya ndiwo maitiro atakaita kuverenga nenzira inotevera: L = rxp
Iyo reactor inoguma kubva kune vector chigadzirwa inowoneka kune iyo ndege iyo inoumbwa neanotora chikamu maveki. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iko kunongedzera pfungwa iyo inogona kuwanikwa neruoko rwerudyi kutonga kwechigadzirwa chemuchinjikwa. Simba reAngular rinoyerwa muzvikamu zve kg pa mita mita / yechipiri. Izvi zvinoyerwa zvinoenderana neyepasi rose system yemayuniti uye haina zita rakakosha.
Iyi tsananguro yeangular momentum inoita kuti iwedzere kunzwisisika kumitumbi inoumbwa nezvidimbu zvakawanda. Kuti unzwisise zvakadzama, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge nezve Kutenderera kwepasi, iyo ine chekuita neangular kukurumidza mumamiriro ezvinhu ePasi.
Huwandu hwekufamba kweangular
Isu tinoshandisa iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya kwechinongedzo chepfungwa kuratidza mamiriro ekutenderera kwechinongedzo kana muviri unogona kurapwa saizvozvo. Rangarira kuti izvi zvinoitika kana zviyero zvemuviri zvisina basa zvichienzaniswa netragero yekufamba kwayo. Zvichienderana neve vectors eiyo angular kufambira mberi neruremekedzo kune yakapihwa poindi uye mutsara mutsara wepoindi chidimbu icho inofamba sedenderedzwa ndiko kuwedzera kweangular.
Nezvenyaya yechinhu chinofamba chakakomberedza, iyo kona iri 90 degrees. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo velocity yeiyo angular kukurumidza inogara iri tangent kune iyo yakatenderera uye nekudaro inoenderana neiyo nharaunda.
Kana isu tichitaura nezve angular kukurumidza isu zvakare tinotaura nezve iyo nguva ye inertia. Ichi hachisi chinhu chinopfuura icho chinotsanangurwa rini muviri wakaomarara une inertia yemuviri wayo uchipesana nekutenderera kwakatenderedza imwe axis. Iyi nguva ye inertia inoenderana kwete kwete chete pahukuru hwemuviri, asiwo padaro kubva pamuviri pachawo kusvika kune axis yekutenderera. Izvi zvinogona kunzwisiswa zviri nyore kana isu tichifunga kuti, kune zvimwe zvinhu, zviri nyore kutenderera zvine rukudzo kune vamwe pane imwechete axis. Izvi zvinoenderana nekuumbwa uye chimiro chechinhu pachacho.
Kune sisitimu yezvimedu, nguva yeinertia inoratidzwa netsamba I uye inoverengerwa uchishandisa inotevera fomula:
Ini = ∑ ri2 Δmi
Pano tine izvo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa nezve m chikamu chidiki chehuremu uye r ndiyo nhanho iyo iyo muviri ine zvine chekuita neiyo axis yekutenderera. Mutumbi unozowedzerwa zvizere uye unoumbwa nezvimedu zvakawanda, nekudaro inguva yaro yese yeinertia ihwo huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvese pakati pehuremu uye kureba. Zvinoenderana ne geometry yavanenge vaine chinhu, iyo summation inoshanduka uye inoenda kubva kune yakakosha kune musiyano. Pfungwa yenguva yeinertia iri padhuze nepadiki nekusimba kwechinhu kana chakadzamiswa zvizere.
Angular nguva yeiyo system yezvimedu
Tichafunga nezvehurongwa hwezvimedu izvo zvakaumbwa nemasi akasiyana uye ari kutenderera achitevera denderedzwa rimwechete panguva imwe chete mu xy ndege, imwe neimwe ine kumhanyisa mutsara inoenderana neiyo angular kumhanya. Nenzira iyi, iyo yakazara sisitimu inogona kuverengerwa uye inopihwa neinotevera sum.
L= ∑ ri2 Δmi
Muviri wakawedzerwa inogona kukamurwa kuita zvidimbu imwe neimwe ine akasiyana angular kukurumidza. Kana akisi yekuenzanisa yechinhu chiri kutaurwa ichipindirana neakisi z, hapana dambudziko. Uye izvi zvinodaro nekuti kune mapoinzi asiri mu xy ndege, saka zvikamu zvinoiumba uye zviri perpendicular kune yakataurwa axis inodzima imwe neimwe kunze.
Ngatione izvozvi kana zvichisiyana. Kazhinji, kana simba remambure rikauya kuzorwa nemuviri kana chidimbu, kukurumidza kweichi chakati kunogona kuchinja. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ndizvo zvichaitawo angular kukurumidza. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani pfungwa idzi, unogona kubvunza chinyorwa chedu pa mwenje zvivakwa, iyo inogona kuwirirana nemusimboti wekuchengetedza angular kukurumidza.
Kune rimwe divi, kuchengetedza kunoitika kana zvasiyana mita iripo yedhorobha. Kana iyo torque iri zero, iko kukura kweangular kunogara kuchichengetwa. Mhedzisiro iyi ichiri kushanda kunyangwe muchiitiko chekuti muviri hauna kuomarara zvakakwana.
Mienzaniso yekusimudzira angular
Zvese izvi zvave dzidziso zhinji uye hazvigone kunzwisiswa pasina mienzaniso inoshanda. Ngatione inoshanda mienzaniso yekusimudzira angular. Mukutanga isu tine skating skating uye mimwe mitambo uko kune kutendeuka. Kana skater yatanga kutendeuka, iye anotambanudza maoko ake obva atidzikisira kumuviri wedu kuyambuka makumbo. Izvi zvinoitirwa kuwedzera kutendeuka kumhanya. Pese panogunun'una muviri nguva dzese, inobvumirana. Nekuda kwechidimbu ichi inogona kuwedzera kutenderera kwayo kumhanya. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti chokwadi chekugona kubatirira maoko nemakumbo zvinoderedzawo nguva yeinertia. Sezvo kuwedzera kweangular kwakachengetedzwa, iyo angular velocity inowedzera.
Mumwe muenzaniso ndosaka katsi dzichimhara netsoka dzadzo. Kunyangwe isina huwandu hwekutanga hwekufamba, inova nechokwadi chekukurumidza kutaura zvese makumbo nemuswe kuti ikwanise kushandura inertia yekutenderera uye kugona kudonha kubva kutsoka. Ivo pavanofambisa iyo shanduko, yavo yekumusoro yekumhanyisa zero sezvo kutenderera kwavo kusiri kuenderera.