Mumakore achangopfuura, vatsvakurudzi nevagadziri vakaedza zvakanyanya kutsvaga nzira dzekutora carbon dioxide kubva mumhepo uye kuedza kuivharira pasi pevhu. Nekudaro, chiratidziro chakakosha chakabuda: cherechedza hunhu hwako. Zvisikwa, muhungwaru hwayo, zvine nzira dzayo dzekuchenesa nyika, uye mumwe we'vashandi' vayo vasinganeti ndiye antarctic krill, mhuka inonzi crustacean inoyera pakati pe 3 ne 4 centimita.
Antarctic krill, ane zita resainzi riri Euphausia inodada, yave mubatsiri asingatarisirwi wevanhu mukurwisana nemigumisiro inoparadza yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Maererano a kudzidza Rakadhindwa mujenari resainzi 'Proceedings of the Royal Society B', kakorustasiya kadiki aka kanomhanyisa kutakurwa kwecarbon dioxide kusvika pakadzika pegungwa.
Ichi chipenyu chinodya phytoplankton, zvipenyu zvinonzi planktonic zvinotakura photosynthesis. Pakudyisa, dzinogara pedyo nechepamusoro kuti dzibate algae idzi dzisingaonekwi, uye panopera kudya kwadzo, dzinodzika kukadzika kakawanda mukati mehusiku, dzichiisa tsvina yadzo ikoko. Kutama uku nekuzoraswa kwemarara kunobvisa huwandu hwekabhoni hwakaenzana nekuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kuUK pagore remamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu. kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kunyangwe ichi chisiri chidzidzo chekutanga kutsanangura maitiro anoshamisa aya, inguva yekutanga masayendisiti kuona mhedzisiro iyi mugungwa rakashama. Izvi zvinoratidza zvakare kukosha kwemakungwa pakuchengeta kabhoni diamoni. Zvisinei, hatifaniri kukanganwa migumisiro yakaipa iyo gasi iri pamvura nemhoteredzo. Antarctica weather, uyewo .
El pH yemakungwa iri kuderera, iyo inokanganisa zvisizvo mhuka dzese dzakavharwa, pamwe nemakorari nemhuka dzemugungwa kazhinji. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekukosha kwegungwa, unogona kuverenga pano.
Basa rakakosha reAntarctic krill mune kabhoni kutenderera
Antarctic krill, kunyangwe idiki yega yega, ine a gigantic impact mumhoteredzo nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hunoshamisa muSouthern Ocean, iyo inofungidzirwa kupfuura 700 bhiriyoni makopi. Zvinoenderana na Magazine Smithsonian, idzi crustaceans dzine mutoro kune imwe ye mabhomba makuru ehupenyu panyika, nzira yavanobatsira nayo sequester kabhoni mugungwa rakadzika uye nekubatsira kune hutano hwe Antartic Ocean.
Krill inodya phytoplankton, inobata kabhoni uye kuburitsa okisijeni kuburikidza nephotosynthesis. Sezvo krill ichidya uye ichizoora, tsvina yavo inonyura pasi pegungwa, ichichengeta kabhoni kwemazana emakore. Iyi nzira zvakare inosunungura nzvimbo yepamusoro kune yakawanda CO2 kutorwa kubva mumhepo, zvichibatsira kudzikisira mhedzisiro ye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Iri basa reAntarctic krill rakakosha kudzikamisa mhedzisiro ye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, maererano nenyanzvi yezvakatipoteredza Matthew Savoca of the Stanford University, uyo anosimbisa kuti krill inoita basa rakakosha mukurwisa kupisa kwepasi pose and the kukosha kwedata pakuchengetedza kwayo.
Kutyisidzira kuAntarctic krill nenzvimbo yavo
Zvisinei nebasa rayo rakakosha mukurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, Antarctic krill inotarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwakawanda, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuwedzera kwekuredza hove. Kupisa kwemugungwa kuri kukwira, zvichikanganisa nzvimbo dzese dzekrill uye kugona kwavo kubereka nekudyisa makonye avo, kunyanya mumhepo. Weddell Sea, iko iyo tembiricha yegungwa yakawedzera zvakanyanya.
La kurasikirwa kwechando chegungwa, iyo yakakosha pakudyisa krill larvae, iri kuisa mungozi kurarama kweidzi crustaceans, kunyanya mu Antarctic Peninsula, iyo iri kupisa zvishoma nezvishoma zvakapetwa kashanu kusvika paavhareji yepasi rose. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoisa panjodzi kwete krill chete, asiwo mhuka dzinotsamira pairi sechikafu, senge penguin nemawhale, ayo anotarisana nematambudziko sekutsanangurwa kwazvino mu. zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukanganisa sei mhuka idzi, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa chikafu chiri mugungwa.
Mukuwedzera, iyo kuwedzera kweindasitiri yehove muSouthern Ocean iri kukanganisa vanhu vekrill. Kunyangwe iyo Komisheni yeKuchengetedza kweAntarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) inodzora kubata hove mudunhu, kutadza kuchangoburwa kuvandudza matanho akakosha ekudzivirira kunogona kubvumira ngarava dzehove kuti dzitarise munzvimbo dzakatarwa, nekudaro zvichiwedzera kudzvanywa kwezvipenyu zvegungwa. Ichi chiitiko chinotyisa, kunyanya tichifunga nezve kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepasi rose.
La kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki Izvo zvave zvakare kutyisidzira kwakakosha kune kugona kwekrill kutora kabhoni. Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvinoratidza kuti mapurasitiki anogona kuderedza kusvika 27% kugona kwekrill mukuita uku, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa hutano hwemugungwa ecosystem. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvakatsanangurwa neongororo yakaitwa ne British Antarctic Survey, rakabudiswa mu Kusvibiswa Kwemakungwa Bulletin.
Mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pakugovera krill
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze hakungokanganisa kugona kwekrill kurarama, asi zvakare kunoshandura yavo kugoverwa kwenzvimbo. Sezvo mvura ichidziya, krill iri kuwedzera kuwanda. achienda zasi mukutsvaga mvura inotonhora, yakagadzikana. Maererano nenyanzvi yezvakatipoteredza Saka Kawaguchi, kubva Australian Antarctic DivisionShanduko idzi mukugovera dzinogona kuwedzera kusangana pakati pekrill nechikepe chehove, pamwe nekugadzirisa kudyidzana pakati pemhando dzinotsamira pazviri sechikafu. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kusiyana kwezvipenyu zvemugungwa mu Antarctica.
Kawaguchi akacherekedzawo kuti kana kuburitsa kabhoni kukasaderedzwa, huwandu hwekubereka kwekrill hunogona kuderera zvakanyanya. 70% mumakore zana aitevera, izvo zvaizova netapuro inoparadza pazvipenyu zvegungwa. Izvi zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekuziva nekunzwisisa hukama hwavo nekrill uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, pamwe nemhedzisiro ye.
Kudiwa kwematanho ekudzivirira pasi rose
Dziviriro yeAntarctic krill nenzvimbo yayo yekugara inoda matanho echimbichimbi padanho repasi rose. Kunyangwe huwandu hwevanhu vekrill parizvino vakakura, musanganiswa wezvinhu zvakaita sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kuredza kusingagoneki, uye kusvibiswa kwetsvina kunotyisidzira kurarama kwavo, pamwe nekuenzana kwepasi rose. Kutadza kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu aya kunogona kukonzera dambudziko rinokanganisa kwete krill chete asiwo dzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa dzinotsamira pazviri.
Nyanzvi dzakadai saMateo Savoca uye mamwe masayendisiti anotungamira anosimbisa kuti krill ndeye akakosha shamwari mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, asi ramangwana rayo rinoenderana ne Kuitwa kwemitemo inochengetedza nzvimbo dzavanogara uye kutonga hove munharaunda. Kutadza kuita chimwe chinhu kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro isingagadzirike, zvichiwedzera kukurumidza kwematanho anodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekupona kwayo.
Pasina chiito chekukurumidza, kukanganisa pakrill kunogona kusandura zvipenyu zvemugungwa uye kugona kwepasi kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nzira yepasi rose yekuchengetedza mhuka iyi inokosha, kunyanya kufunga nezve Kukwira kwemwero wegungwa.
Krill haingori yakakosha kune cheni yechikafu chemugungwa, asi kugona kwavo kubata uye kuchengeta kabhoni kunoita kuti ive mbiru yakakosha mukurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Nekukura kuri kudiwa kwekrill, zvakakosha kumisa mirau inoshanda kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwayo nekuchengetedza, kusanganisira kusikwa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa.
Kudyidzana kwekrill nezvimwe zvipenyu zviri mumakungwa ecosystem kunofanirwawo kutaurwa. Iyi crustacean inoshanda sechikafu chezvimwe zvikara zvemugungwa, kusanganisira whales, zvisimbiso, penguin uye shiri dzegungwa. Basa rayo mukutenderera kwekabhoni rinokudzwa kwete chete nemetabolism yayo, asiwo neyemhuka dzinodya pairi. Tsvagiridzo yechinhu ichi yakakosha kuti unzwisise zvizere kuti inopesvedzera sei .
Gore rega rega, Antarctic krill inofungidzirwa kupa inenge 23 megatons ecarbon kugungwa, iyo inomiririra chiyero chakakosha mumamiriro ekuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Iyi nzira haingobatsiri kuderedza CO2 mazinga mumhepo, asiwo inosimudzira hutano hwakanaka. Pasinei nemipiro yavo, ramangwana rekrill rinotyisidzirwa nemasimba akasiyana-siyana ekunze.
Pasinei nehukuru hwavo hudiki, krill pasina mubvunzo ndeimwe yemhando dzakakosha mumakungwa. Mazano ekuchengetedza ramangwana anofanirwa kutarisisa kusimba uye kutonga zvine mutoro kwemhuka iyi, kuve nechokwadi kuti inoramba ichizadzisa basa rayo rakakosha mukati memugungwa.
Kudyidzana kwenyika dzese kuchave kwakakosha kuchengetedza krill nenzvimbo yavo yekugara. Kusikwa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa mugungwa, kudzorwa kwekuredza, uye kuderedza kusvibiswa matanho anodiwa mukuedza uku. Kuchengetedza hutano hwekrill huwandu hakungobatsiri huwandu hwakawanda hwezvipenyu zvemugungwa, asi zvichabatsirawo mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose.
Remangwana reAntarctic krill uye hutano hwemakungwa zvakabatana; Kugadzirisa matambudziko anotyisidzira iyi crustacean kwakakosha pakugadzirisa ramangwana rezvakatipoteredza. Sarudzo dzakaitwa nhasi dzichave dzakakosha pakuita kuti pave nerunyararo rwakakwana uye mamiriro ekunze akadzikama kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
