Un beche sango Ipfuma yemusikirwo inokwezva nekunaka kwayo uye zvakavanzika. Aya masango, hunhu hwemamwe matunhu epasi, anosiyaniswa nekudzorwa nekuvapo kwemiti yebeech. Fungidzira uchipinda munzvimbo umo mwaranzi yezuva inosefa nepakati pemashizha uye kugadzira musanganiswa wechiedza nemumvuri pauriri hwesango.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza izvo iyo hunhu hwesango rebeche, kukosha nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Mhando huru
Beech, zita resainzi Fagus sylvatica, muti unodonha unosvika 40 metres. Hunde yaro yakatwasuka uye gobvu, ine makwati akatsetseka, uye inotanhamira kure kure nevhu. Kana iri kure nemimwe miti, korona yayo ichave yakakomberedzwa, kana zvisina kudaro ichava yakamanikana uye isingawanzoitiki, semumasango.
Mashizha acho ari nyore, oval, uye akasvibira muruvara, asi anoshandura ruvara mukudonha asati adonha. Mumwaka iwoyo, dzinomira kudyisa dzotanga kutsvukira dzoita shava. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvakakomberedza hunde yebeech, zvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma kukura nokuti korona yayo inodzivirira chiedza chakakwana kubva pasi.
Imhando ye monoecious, ndiko kuti, mumuenzaniso mumwechete kune maruva evarume nevakadzi. Miti yekutanga inoonekwa mumapoka e3-4 papfupi, yakacheneruka yero peduncles.; iyo yekupedzisira, kune rumwe rutivi, inomerawo mumapoka, asi inozviita pamakumbo marefu, zvishoma anorembera.
Chibereko chacho chakaita denderedzwa, chine marobe mana, chinofumura mhodzi 1-3, inonyanyozivikanwa iri 2, yakaita tetrahedron, inodyiwa. Ava vanozivikanwa nezita rekuti beche. Beech muti wemusango unokura munzvimbo dzeEurope uko kune mamiriro ekunze ari kudziya uye ivhu rakatsva uye rakaorera. Tinogona kuzviwana muGreece, Sweden, Norway, Germany (seBlack Forest) uye kunyange Spain. Munyika yedu, zvakakosha kucherechedza Irati Sango muNavarra, iro rinogovera nzvimbo yaro neAbies alba (fir).
Chirimwa chisingashiviriri kupisa kwakanyanya kana kusanaya kwemvura. Nekuda kweizvozvo, tinogona kungoona zvimiro zvine hutano uye zvakanaka chaizvo munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yezhizha uye mvura inonaya nguva nenguva.
beche sango
Aya masango ebeech anowanikwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakadzikama dzeNorthern Hemisphere, dzakadai seEurope, Asia, uye North America. Chinoita kuti masango ebhichi awedzere kunaka kwemiti iyi.
Iyo canopy yesango rebeech yakaoma uye ine mashizha, kugadzira mhepo yemashiripiti uye yakasuruvara pasi pemagirazi avo. Muchirimo nechirimo, mashizha acho anoratidza gumbeze rakasvibirira, richipa mumvuri uye kutonhorera kune zvinomera zvinokura pasi pawo. Mumatsutso, masango aya anoshandurwa kuva mhirizhonga yemavara, sezvo mashizha anoshanduka mavara anodziya uye ane simba, kubva kune yero yegoridhe kusvika kune yakatsvuka.
Kusiyana kwebiological mumasango ebeche kwakakura. Pamusoro pemiti yebeech pachayo, Iwe unogona kuwana mamwe marudzi emiti, akadai seoki, fir kana birch, kugadzira kusanganiswa kwakapfuma kwemaruva. Pasi pesango panogarawo kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinomera zvinomera, mosses, uye lichens, izvo zvinobatsira kubva mumumvuri uye hunyoro hunopiwa nenyuchi.
Masango aya anogarawo mhando dzemhuka dzakawanda. Shiri dzakadai seGreat Spotted Woodpecker kana kuti Great Tit dzinowana hutiziro mumakomba emiti, nepo mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzakadai semhembwe, nguruve yemusango kana gava dzichiongorora ukobvu hwayo dzichitsvaga chikafu nedziviriro. Mukuwedzera, beech masango zvakare inotakura zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana nezvimwe zvipembenene zvisina mutsipa Ivo vanoita basa rakakosha mukutenderera kwechisikigo kweiyo ecosystem.
Kukosha kwekuchengetedza masango beche
Pamusoro pekunaka kwavo uye kusiyanisa kwezvisikwa, masango ebeech anoita basa rakakosha muhutano hwepasi uye mukugara zvakanaka kwevanhu. Kuchengetedzwa kwemasango aya kwakakosha nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda.
Kutanga, masango ebeech anoita sekunyura kwekabhoni, achitora carbon dioxide kubva mumhepo panguva yephotosynthesis. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzikisira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nekudzikisa kuwanda kwemagasi egreenhouse mumhepo. Nekuchengetedza masango aya, tiri kubatsira mukurwisa kudziya kwepasi pamwe nekukanganisa kwazvinoita. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, zvakakosha kutaura izvozvo Kutemwa kwemasango kunowedzera kuwedzera kudziya kwepasi.
Pamusoro pezvo, masango ebeech anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza ivhu nekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura. Midzi yaro yakadzika inobatsira kudzikamisa ivhu, kudzivirira kukukurwa uye kurasikirwa kwechikafu. Vanoitawo semaponji echisikigo, vachitora mvura uye zvishoma nezvishoma vachiisunungura, iyo inobatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hwemvura muhova nemunzizi, zvichibatsira zvose zviri zviviri maruva nemhuka dzomumvura uye nzanga dzevanhu dzinotsamira pazviwanikwa izvi.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha kukosha kwetsika nekuvaraidza kunopihwa nemasango beech. Aya masango ndiwo anopa kurudziro yevanyori, vanyori nevadetembi, vanowana sosi yekugadzira mumhepo yavo isinganzwisisike uye runako rwechisikigo. Pamusoro pezvo, inzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzezviitwa zvekunze zvakaita sekufamba, kufamba, uye kuona shiri, kupa vanhu. mukana wekubatana nemasikirwo uye kunakidzwa nemabhenefiti ayo ehutano hwemuviri nepfungwa.
Pakupedzisira, masango ebeech anogara kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti nemhuka, mazhinji acho aripo uye ari mungozi yekutsakatika. Nokuchengetedza masango aya, tiri kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye kuva nechokwadi chekurarama kwemarudzi akasiyana uye asina kusimba.
miti yebeech muSpain
MuSpain, aya masango ebeech anomiririra hupfumi hwechokwadi hwechisikigo uye ave nzvimbo dzakakurumbira kune vese vanoda zvisikwa uye mafani ekutora mifananidzo nekufamba.
Imwe yeanonyanyo zivikanwa uye anofananidzira beech masango muSpain ndiyo Montejo beech sango, iri muSierra de Guadarrama, munharaunda yeMadrid. Iri sango rebeech, rakaziviswa Biosphere Reserve neUNESCO, rinozivikanwa nemiti yebeech yemakore zana, iyo mashizha ayo anoshanduka kuita goridhe rakasimba muchirimo.
Imwe sango rakakurumbira beche ndiro muOrdesa Valley, muOrdesa y Monte Perdido National Park, mudunhu reHuesca, muAragon. Iri sango rebeech, rinozivikanwa seHayedo de la Garganta de Escuaín, riri mugomba rinoyevedza uye rine boka remiti inoshamisa yebeech inosimuka padivi pemadziro eraimu.
MuMakomo eCantabrian, mudunhu reLeón, ndiyo La Pedrosa beech sango, paradhiso yechokwadi kune vanoda masango beech. Iri sango rebeech rinoratidzwa nemiti yaro yakareba, yakatwasuka, ine densi yematavi inogadzira mashizha ane mashizha. Kune avo vanofarira rumwe ruzivo nezve dunhu rino, munogona kubvunza nezve Makomo eCantabrian.
Mupurovhinzi yeÁlava, muBasque Country, inowanikwa uyel Otzarreta beech sango, chikamu cheGorbeia Natural Park. Iri sango rebeche rinozivikanwa nekunaka kwaro uye nekusiyana kwebiological.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve sango rebeech uye maitiro ayo.
