IItaly Alessandro Volta yakagadzira iyo inonzi volta bhatiri, kufambira mberi kwakakosha mune zvesainzi, kubvira kekutanga munhoroondo akashandura simba remakemikari kuita magetsi kuburikidza nechidimbu chemakemikari muitiro, nokudaro achigadzira yakagadzikana ikozvino. The biography yaalessandro volta anounganidza pfupiso yezvese zvaakaita uye mipiro kune nyika yesainzi pamwe nehukama hwake uye shanduko muhupenyu hwake hwese.
Muchinyorwa chino tichatarisa kukuudza zvakadzama nezve biography yaAlessandro Volta uye nekupa kwake kwakanyanya kusainzi.
Biography yaAlessandro Volta
Alessandro Volta aive musayendisiti wekuItaly anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekugadzira accumulator (inozivikanwawo sesero kana bhatiri) muma1800s. Akazvarwa muna Kukadzi 18, 1745 mumhuri yakapfuma yeComo, kuchamhembe kweItaly. Kufanana nevashanu vevanun'una vake vapfumbamwe, baba vake panguva iyoyo, uye vamwe vanababamunini vake, akanga achienda kunogadzirira basa rechechi, saka vabereki vake (Filippo Volta naMaria Maddalena (vanobva kuConti Inzaghi) vakamutumira kukoreji yevaJesuit. muna 1758.
Zvisinei, Alessandro Volta aifarira zvikuru sayenzi kupfuura vafundisi, kunyanya magetsi, akanga asina kunyatsodzidza. Apedza zvidzidzo zvake muna 1760, akaenderera mberi nekudzidza nekuverenga mabhuku emasayendisiti ane mukurumbira akadai saGiambatista Beccaria, Pieter van Musschenbroek, naJean-Antoine Nollet, uye akasangana navo. Kunyanya naBeccaria, purofesa paYunivhesiti yeTurin uye mumwe weItaly ane mukurumbira fizikisi. Beccaria achakurudzira Volta kuti aite ongororo uye kushambadza zvaawana. Muna 1769 aizobudisa bhuku rake rokutanga, iro rinowedzera kune vakapfuma nhoroondo dzemasayendisiti ane mukurumbira.
Muna 1774 akagadzwa kuva mutungamiriri wechikoro chevoruzhinji cheguta raakaberekerwa, uye muna 1775 mukurumbira wake wakanga wakura nekugadzirwa kwechigarire electrophoresis apparatus - iyo yaizokurumidza kushandiswa muEurope yose, ichigadzira uye kubudisa magetsi emagetsi-, zvokuti. akagadzwa kuva purofesa mukuyedza fizikisi paCuomo College.
Volta pistol, tateguru wechiedza
Muna 1776 akaita zviwanikwa zvakati kuti semugumisiro wekuedza kwake methane inobvira mumachakwi. Akagadzira "Volta pistol", umo spark yemagetsi mubhodhoro regirazi inogadzira moto, iyo inogona kunge yakave yakatangira kune yedu yakakurumbira chiedza. Kuwanikwa uku zvakare akamutungamirira kuti atsive mafuta emwenje negesi yemethane, achigadzira iro rainzi Volta rambi. Basa rake mumagetsi uye simba muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti kutsvagisa kunogona kutungamira sei kune hutsva, sezvakaita mu biography yaMarie Curie.
Nemigumisiro iyi, akavandudza pfuti yake, akagadzira mudziyo wekuongorora oksijeni iri mugasi, uye akagadzira chiridzwa chave kunzi eudiometer. Pakati pa1778 na1819 aive purofesa wefizikisi yekuyedza paYunivhesiti yePavia. Ikoko, muna 1783, akagadzira electroscope kuyera zvishoma zvishoma zvemagetsi uye quantified kuyerwa nokusika chikwata chake chekuyera, "voltage." Mumwe anogona zvakare kutaura nezve biography yaIsaac Newton muchirevo chekufambira mberi muchiyero.
Zvakanakisa Feats muAlessandro Volta Biography
Muna 1792, akadzidza nezvekuedza kwematatya neanatomist Luigi Galvani, akaedza kutsanangura magetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye. akanga ave achidzidza gadziriro yacho kweanopfuura makore gumi. Maererano naGalvani, simbi mbiri dzakasiyana dzinosangana nemisungo yefrog kana imwe mhuka kuti ibudise magetsi emagetsi nokuti mhinduro idzi dzinobudiswa nemagetsi emagetsi anotenderera munhengo dzemhuka. Galvani akati datya raive "Leiden flask," primitive capacitor kana simba rekuchengetedza simba.
Volta akatanga kuita zviedzo zvake zvichibva pane zvakabuda kune vamwe vake. Zvisinei, akagumisa kuti simba remagetsi harina kugadzirwa nekubatana nemhuka, asi chete nekubatana pakati pesimbi. Matatya anongopindura kuchaji dzemagetsi ne "kunzwa" iwo. Zvaakataura zvakaita kuti masayendisiti muEurope yose atsigire Galvani kana Volta. Volta akanyora zvinotevera:
Zvese izvi zviedzo hazviratidzi pachena kuti magetsi emhuka ariko sezvo nhengo dzichiramba dzakangoita, nepo simbi dzichigara dzichishanda.
Kuedza kwaVolta kunoratidza kugadzirwa kwemagetsi pakati pesimbi kwakaita kuti agadzire (pakati pe1799 ne1800) kugadzirwa kwake kwakakurumbira uye kwakabudirira: "cylindrical Volta cell", yekutanga kushanda bhatiri munhoroondo. Iyo ine elementally akaturikidzana simbi ndiro. Mhangura uye zinc zvakaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe nemachira akanyikwa muasidhi (pakutanga mvura kana brine).
Iyo yakagadzirwa inotsanangurwa mutsamba ine mukurumbira kuRoyal Society naSir Joseph Banks. Muna 1791 akaitwa shamwari yeRoyal Society yeLondon uye muna 1794 akagamuchira Copley Medal.
Kutenda
Muna 1801, Napoleon Bonaparte akasvika muParis mushure achishevedzwa naNapoleon kuFrench Institute kuti aratidze kufambira mberi kwake kwesainzi mumagetsi. Ikoko, akashamisa munhu wose aivapo, uye komiti yesainzi kubva kuFrench Institute of Sciences yakanyora mushumo wekuongorora ichirumbidza kugadzirwa kwechimurenga kwe "Volta pile." Mupiro wake unowedzera kune mamwe masayendisiti makuru, sezvinoratidzwa mu.
Muna 1802 akagamuchira Gold Medal of Honor kubva kuFrench Academy. Muna 1805 akasarudzwa kuva nhengo yekune imwe nyika yeGöttingen Academy yeScience, uye muna 1808 nhengo yekunze yeBavarian Academy yeScience.
Napoleon akafadzwa zvikuru nekufambira mberi kwevaItaly, nguva pfupi mushure mekusikwa kweRepublic of Western Sardinia muItaly, akamuita kuti averenge uye seneta weumambo hweLombard uye akamupa penjeni. Makore gare gare, mushure mekukundwa kweFrance muna 1815, Emperor weAustria akamugadza kuti ave mutungamiriri wedhipatimendi refilosofi paYunivhesiti yePadua. Basa rake rakabudiswa mumavhoriyamu mashanu muFlorence muna 1816.
Muna 1861, Volta akagamuchira rukudzo rwepamusoro-soro senyanzvi yefizikisi: maererano neBritish Association for the Advancement of Science, chikamu chekuyerwa kwemagetsi emagetsi anozivikanwa pasi rose sevolt. Muna 1964, gomba remwedzi Volta rakatumidzwa zita rake, uye muna 1999, asteroid 8208 yakatumidzwa zita rake. Kunyange muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, zita rake richiripo, sezvinotaurwa mundima . Somuenzaniso, muToyota yemagetsi motokari "Alessandro Volta".
Basa rake rakapona nekuchinja hukama hwesimba: akatsigira vose vokuAustria Habsburgs, vavengi vaNapoleon, uye vaCorsican pachavo. Akaenda kumusha kwake kuCamnago, pedyo neComo, kwaakapedza makore okupedzisira ehupenyu hwake. Akafa musi waMarch 5, 1827. Mausoleum yake yakashongedzwa nemifananidzo uye zvinyorwa mumutauro weNeoclassical temberi, yakagadzirwa nemugadziri Melchiorre Nosetti uye yakapedzwa muna 1831.
