ari tornados Izvo, pasina kupokana, chimwe chemasimba ane simba uye anoparadza meteorological phenomena inogona kuitika panyika yedu. Kubva muchadenga, Nyika inogona kuita seyakagadzikana, asi pamusoro payo, kunyanya mune mamwe matunhu seUnited States, zvinoparadza mamiriro ekunze anoitika. Tornadoes, ari makoramu makuru emhepo anotenderera nekumhanya kukuru, ane mukana wekukonzera kukuvadza kwakanyanya uye kurasikirwa kwevanhu. Munyaya ino, tichanyanya kufunga chamupupuri chinoparadza zvikurusa munhau nemigumisiro yaro yakaipa.
North America, uye kunyanya United States, ine nhoroondo yakakurumbira yemadutu anoparadza. Pazasi pane mamwe emadutu anoparadza zvakanyanya akanyorwa:
- Tornado reginaMuna 1912, chamupupuri chakarova taundi reSaskatchewan, Canada. Zvakatora maminitsi asingasviki matatu, asi zvakakonzera kufa kwevanhu makumi matatu ndokuparadza zviuru zvedzimba.
- Tri-Nyika TornadoMusi waKurume 18, 1925, chamupupuri cheEF5 chakaumbwa muMissouri chikafamba nemuIllinois neIndiana. Chamupupuri ichi chakakonzera kufa kwevanhu makumi matatu uye rinorangarirwa serimwe rakaipisisa munhau.
- Talladega TornadoMuna 1932, chikamu chechina chamupupuri chakaumbwa muTalladega County, Alabama, uye chakakonzera. kufa kwevanhu makumi matatu, kuwedzera pakuparadza nzvimbo zhinji.
- Oklahoma chamupupuriMusi waMay 3, 1999, hwerengedzo yechamupupuri 76 chakarova muOklahoma, chimwe chacho chamupupuri cheEF5, chakatanga. guta nepakati uye yakasiya nhamba yevakafa ye44.
- Joplin chamupupuriMusi waMay 22, 2011, chamupupuri ichi chakaparadza 20% yeguta reJoplin, Missouri, zvichikonzera kufa kwe160 uye kukuvara kukuru kwepfuma. Yakanga iri imwe yeinonyanya kuparadza munhoroondo yeUnited States ichangopfuura.
Tornadoes mamiriro ekunze anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, kune avo vanokwezvwa kwavari: ivo ndivo kudzinganisa dutu, avo kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvavo vanotsvaga kunzwisisa zviri nani madutu aya. Izvi zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwekufarira chiitiko ichi, zvichiita kuti tinzwisise zviri nani maumbirwo nemafambiro echamupupuri.
Hunhu uye Kurongeka kweTornadoes
Tornadoes inoparadzaniswa ne Fujita chikero, iyo inoongorora huwandu hwekukuvadza kunokonzerwa. Chikero ichi chinoyera kubva paEF0, inomiririra mhepo inosvika 65 kusvika 180 km/h, kusvika kuEF5, iyo inosanganisira mhepo inopfuura. 322 km / h. EF5 chamupupuri chinokwanisa kuenzanisa nharaunda dzese, zvichikonzera kuparadza kukuru. Chikero ichi chakakosha kune vanoongorora mamiriro ekunze, sezvo ichipa pfungwa yekuparadza kwechamupupuri chisati chaitika.
Tornadoes haisi chinhu chinowanzoitika muUnited States. Kunyangwe ivo vachinyanya kudyidzana nenyika ino, kune matunhu pasirese kwaanowanzo zivikanwa, seArgentina neBangladesh. Tornadoes muBangladesh dzave dzakakonzeresa zvimwe zve njodzi dzakaipisisa nhoroondo, inofananidzwa kunyange ne madutu anoparadza zvakanyanya.
Mienzaniso yeRip-Splitting Tornadoes
Pamusoro pechamupupuri chadudzwa pamusoro, kune zvimwe zviitiko zvine njodzi zvakanyorwa munhoroondo yese zvakakodzera kutaurwa:
- Tupelo Tornado: Chamupupuri ichi, chakaitika musi waApril 5, 1936, chakakonzera kufa kwevanhu makumi matatu uye yakasiya vanhu mazana manomwe vakuvara muguta reTupelo, Mississippi.
- Natchez Tornado: Chamupupuri ichi chakaitika muna Chivabvu 6, 1840 uye chine mukurumbira wakashata wekutora hupenyu hwevanhu 317, vazhinji vavo muRwizi rweMississippi.
- Saint Louis Tornado: Zvakaitika pana May 27, 1896, zvichikonzera kufa kwevanhu makumi matatu ndokusiya 1,000 XNUMX vakuvara. Chamupupuri ichi chairatidzwa nemhepo dzaro dzinoparadza zvakanyanya.
- Daulatpur-Saturia Tornado: Chamupupuri ichi, chakaitika musi waApril 26, 1989 muBangladesh, chinorangarirwa chamupupuri chakaipisisa munhoroondo, zvichikonzera kufa kwevanhu vanosvika chiuru nemazana matatu uye zvichisiya vanhu vanopfuura 1,300 80,000 vasina pokugara.
- El Reno TornadoMuna Chivabvu 2011, chamupupuri ichi chakasvika dhayamita ye Makiromita 4.2 uye mhepo dzinopfuura 470 km/h, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yehukuru uye inoparadza zvikuru yati yambonyorwa.
Kuumbwa kweTornado
La kuumbwa kwechamupupuri Iro hurongwa hwakaoma hunosanganisira huwandu hwemamiriro ekunze. Iwo anowanzo kuumba mukati memamiriro ekunze kwemabhanan'ana makuru anozivikanwa sema supercell, uko mafungu emhepo inodziya, yakanyorova inodhumhana nemhepo inotonhora, yakaoma. Kudhumhana uku kunoita kuti mweya unopisa usimuke nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti kutenderera kwakasimba. Kana kutenderera uku kukava kwakanyanya zvakakwana, chamupupuri chinoumba, chinogona kuenderera kusvika pasi.
Kuvandudzwa kwe tornado tracking technologies kwakawedzera zvakanyanya kugona kufanotaura izvi zviitiko. Sezvo meteorologists vanowana rumwe ruzivo nezve mamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro emuchadenga, kurongeka kwechenjedzo kwakawedzerawo, zvichibatsira kuponesa hupenyu, kunyanya mumatunhu umo madutu anowanzoitika.
Mhedzisiro yeTornadoes
Migumisiro yechamupupuri inoparadza. Havasi ivo chete vanokonzera kurasikirwa nehupenyu hwevanhu, asiwo kuparadza nharaunda uye kukonzera kudhura kwehupfumi. Zvivakwa zvakakuvadzwa zvakaita sedzimba, zvikoro nezvipatara zvinoda makore ekuedza uye zviwanikwa kuvakazve. Uyezve, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzakadai sechamupupuri dzine simba risingaperi pahutano hwepfungwa hwevakabatwa uye kugarisana kwevanhu munharaunda dzakakanganiswa.
Kugadzirira uye kuziva veruzhinji zvinhu zvakakosha mukudzikamisa mhedzisiro yechamupupuri. Nharaunda dzinoita zvirongwa zvekupindura uye pekugara pakakwana vanogona kudzivirira vagari vayo yemigumisiro inoparadza yezviitiko izvi. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa sei zvichiitika zviitiko izvi uye maitiro azvo anogona kudzikiswa.
Kuda kuziva nezve Tornadoes
- Chinyorwa chechamupupuri chikurusa chakaitika muEl Reno, Oklahoma, chinosvika dhayamita ingada kusvika Makiromita 4.2.
- Tornadoes inogona kuitika kune chero kondinendi, asi inowanzoitika muUnited States, kunyanya munharaunda inozivikanwa se Tornado Alley.
- Tornadoes hazvisi chete zviitiko zvinoitika panyika, zviripo zvakare mvura yemvura, izvo zvamupupuri zvinoumba pamusoro pemvura.
- Chamupupuri chinogona kusiya shure a nzira yekuparadzwa iyo inosiyana zvikuru pakureba nehupamhi, nemamwe madutu ane nzira dzinopfuura makiromita zana.
Izvi zviitiko zvechisikigo zvinoramba zviri chidzidzo chinonakidza uye chinotyisa. Sezvo sainzi inofambira mberi, kutsvaga kunoenderera mberi kwenzira dzinogona kufanotaura uye kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemadutu anoparadza aya, kutsvaga kuponesa hupenyu uye kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwepfuma. Chese chamupupuri chakanyorwa hachingotauri nyaya yekuparadzwa chete, asiwo ye kutsungirira kwevanhu mukutarisana nenhamo. Dzidzo uye kugadzirira zvishandiso zvakakosha zvekutarisana nesimba risingadzoreki rezvisikwa nenzira yechamupupuri.