Solar geoengineering Ndiyo imwe yemisoro inokakavadzana muzvidzidzo zvemamiriro ekunze zvazvino. Masayendisiti akawanda uye nyanzvi vanofarira nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze senzira inogoneka yekurwisa mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze accelerated.
Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakaita kuti sainzi iongorore nzvimbo dzaimboratidzika sechimwe chinhu kubva mungano dzesainzi. Pakati pavo, imwe yeanonyanya kukakavara ndeye solar geoengineering, nhevedzano yezvirongwa zvetekinoroji zvinotsvaga. ratidza chikamu chemwaranzi yezuva muchadenga kuderedza kudziya kwepasi. Nekudaro, iyi mhinduro ine zvakakomba zvinokonzeresa, zvese zvakatipoteredza, zvemagariro uye zvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa.
Chii chinonzi solar geoengineering?
Solar geoengineering, inozivikanwawo se solar radiation management, inoreva nzira dzakagadzirirwa kuratidza chikamu chemwaranzi yezuva inosvika kuNyika, nechinangwa chekutonhodza pasi. Nehunyanzvi, haisi mhinduro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, sezvo isingatarise zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa senge Emissions yegreenhouse magasi, asi ichitsvaga kudzikisira mhedzisiro yayo kuburikidza nekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze.
Pakati peakanyanya solar geoengineering matekiniki tinowana:
- Stratospheric aerosol jekiseni: Inosanganisira maaerosols anoparadzira, senge sulfur dioxide, mu stratosphere kuratidza chiedza chezuva kudzokera muchadenga. Iyi nzira yakakurudzirwa nemigumisiro yekuputika kukuru kwegomo.
- Marine cloud whitening: Zvinobva pane pfungwa yekuwedzera kupenya kwemakore nekupfapfaidza zvidimbu zvemunyu wegungwa mumhepo, izvo zvaizowedzera kupenya kwavo.
- Cirrus kuonda: Nzira iyi ine chinangwa chekudzikisira kugona kwemakore ecirrus kuchengetedza kupisa, zvichiita kuti mwaranzi inopisa ipinde muchadenga.
Solar geoengineering yakagadzirirwa kugadzira mhedzisiro yenguva pfupi pamhepo uye haina kuratidzwa semhinduro chaiyo. Zvisinei, migumisiro yenguva refu yeiyi nzira haisati yanyatsonzwisiswa, izvo zvaita kuti nyanzvi dzakawanda dzingwarire zvikuru pamusoro padzo.
Kukanganisa kwezuva geoengineering pamamiriro ekunze
Imwe yenharo huru mukufarira solar geoengineering ndeyekuti inogona kunonotsa kukwira kwekushisa kwepasi rose nokukurumidza uye nemutengo wakaderera. Muchiono, matekiniki akaita senge stratospheric aerosol jekiseni anogona kumisa kudziya kwepasi kwemakumi emakore, kutenga nguva yekuti nyika ideredze kuburitsa kabhoni.
Zvisinei, kune njodzi dzinokosha dzinobatanidzwa. Chimwe chezvikuru ndechekuti shandura chiyero chesimba zvepanyika zvekugadzira zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro isingatarisike. Semuenzaniso, inogona kuchinja kunaya kwemvura uye mafambiro emhepo, zvichikanganisa mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo dzakasiyana zvisina kuenzana. Matunhu anovimba nemamonsoon kana zvimwe zviitiko zvenguva dzose zvemamiriro ekunze zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kana maitiro aya akakanganiswa.
Pamusoro pezvo, pane kutyira kuti chii chingazoitika kana, mushure mekutanga kupindira kukuru, ikangoerekana yamiswa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera a kudziya kamwe kamwe, sezvo kupisa kwose kwaidziviswa noruzivo rwezuva re<em>geoengineering kwaizoita zvakare kamwe kamwe, kuchiisa pasi nevagari vayo kukuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kwakatonyanya kuipa.
Iyo SCoPEx kuyedza nemakakatanwa
Mumwe wemienzaniso inonyanya kuzivikanwa yekuyedza mu solar geoengineering ndeye SCOPEx kuyedza (Stratospheric Controlled Perturbation Experiment), chirongwa chinotungamirwa neHarvard University chakatsvaga kuburitsa zvishoma calcium carbonate powder mu stratosphere kuitira kuti udzidze maitiro ayo.
Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga kuedza kuduku, chirongwa chacho chakatarisana nekupikiswa kwakasimba kubva kumapoka ezvakatipoteredza uye nharaunda dzenharaunda, dzakadai seSami Council muSweden, avo vakapikisa kuti rudzi urwu rwekutsvakurudza runogona kuzarura musuwo wekushandiswa kweiyi tekinoroji pasina mvumo yakakwana yepasirese.
Pakupedzisira, purojekiti yakamiswa, asi gakava rayakagadzira rinoramba riripo, richiratidza kuoma kwekufambisira mberi tsvakurudzo geoengineering technologies mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro ezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro evanhu.
Njodzi dzezvemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika dze solar geoengineering
Solar geoengineering haingokonzere njodzi kwezvakatipoteredza, asiwo yakakosha magariro uye geopolitical matambudziko. Munyika umo migumisiro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze yakatogoverwa zvisina kuenzana, kupindira kupi nokupi kukuru kwemamiriro okunze kunogona kuwedzera kusaenzana kuripo.
Semuenzaniso, mamwe matunhu anogona kubatsirwa nemhedzisiro ye solar geoengineering, nepo mamwe achitambura nemhedzisiro yakaipa. Izvi zvinomutsa Ethical dilemmas pamusoro pekuti ndiani anodzora nekuita sarudzo nezvemamiriro ekunze epasi uye kuti ndeapi matunhu kana mapoka anofanira kutakura njodzi dzakabatana.
Uyezve, pane njodzi yekuti dzimwe nyika kana zvido zvepachivande zvinosarudza kushandisa matekinoroji aya zvisina tsarukano, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune kusawirirana kwepasi rose uye kunyangwe hondo kana kupindira kwacho kuine mhedzisiro yakaipa mune mamwe matunhu.
Ramangwana risina chokwadi resolar geoengineering
Kunyangwe paine njodzi uye kupokana, solar geoengineering inoramba iri musoro wekutsvaga kwakasimba. Zvakawanda mishumo yesainzi, seyakabudiswa neUS National Academy of Sciences muna 2021, vakakurudzira kudiwa kwekuenderera mberi nekutsvagisa tekinoroji iyi kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvinonyatsodzorwa uye zviri pachena.
Nekudaro, nyanzvi dzakawanda uye masangano epasi rese, akadai se Chibvumirano cheBiological Diversity veUN, vakadaidzira kuchenjerera, vachikurudzira kumisa kuitwa kwehunyanzvi uhu kusvikira njodzi dzadzo dzanzwisiswa zviri nani.
Dambudziko guru nderekuwana chiyero pakati pekuenderera mberi nekutsvaga kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo mune ramangwana uye kuona kuti aya marudzi etekinoroji haave chikonzero chekunonoka kuedza kwakanyanya kusvibiswa uye kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze.
Nemamiriro ekunze anogara achichinja uye kumanikidza kuri kuwedzera kuhurumende nemabhizinesi kuti vawane mhinduro dzekudziya kwepasi, solar geoengineering yakagadzirirwa kuramba iri nyaya inopisa yekukakavadzana kwemakore anotevera.
Nepo solar geoengineering ichitipa chishandiso chinogona kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, zvakakosha kufunga migumisiro yayo yose usati waita chero kupindira kwakakura. Zvakaitika kare zvakatidzidzisa kuti zvatinoita pasi pano zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro isingatarisirwi uye kuti, muzviitiko zvakawanda, izvi hazvichinjiki. Hunhu hunotarisana neimwe yesarudzo dzakaomesesa dzenguva yedu, uye tsvakiridzo uye gakava zvicharamba zvichitungamira nzira yekumberi.