ari nzizi dzemuchadenga ( RA, kana AR muChirungu, Atmospheric Rivers) inzvimbo nhete dzemwando inonangana mumhepo. Mafungu aya ane huwandu hwakakura hwemhute yemvura, iyo inogona kukonzera matambudziko makuru munharaunda dzemahombekombe uye kukanganisa mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo dzakasiyana pasi rose. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora kuti nzizi dzemuchadenga chii, maumbirwo adzinoitwa, kukanganisa kwadzinoita nharaunda, uye njodzi dzadzinogona kuunza.
Chii chinonzi nzizi dzemuchadenga?
nzizi dzemuAtmospheric ndidzo dzinokonzeresa kutakurwa kwemhute yemvura yakachinjika kubva kunzvimbo dzinopisa kuenda kunzvimbo dzine mwero uye dzinotonhora. Nehurefu hwemakiromita anoverengeka nehupamhi hunogona kusvika mazana emakiromita, nzizi idzi dzinogona kutakura zvitsama zvemvura zvakakura zvikuru kupfuura idzo dzenzizi hurusa dzePanyika, dzakadai seAmazon. Kunyange zvazvo vachingotora 10% chete yedenderedzwa repasi, vanoita basa rakakosha mukutenderera kwemvura, vachiverengera kupfuura 90% yemhute yemvura inofamba kubva kuchamhembe ichienda kumaodzanyemba.
Kuumbwa kwenzizi dzemuchadenga kwakabatana nemamiriro ekunze, kusanganisira madutu ekunze kwemvura uye nzvimbo dzinotonhora. Izvi zviitiko zvinogadzira kuderera kwemamiriro ezvinhu anofambisa kuunganidzwa kwemhute yemvura mumhepo.
Unyoro huri munzizi dzomuchadenga hunobva zvikurukuru mumvura dzinodziya dzomunyanza, uko mvura inoputika yokwira mumhepo. Kana mhepo ine mwando iyi ikafamba ichienda kunzvimbo dzinotonhora, inogona kuita kutsina uye kukonzera kunaya kwemvura.
Ko nzizi dzomuchadenga dzinogona kukuvadza chii?
Kunyange zvazvo nzizi dzakawanda dzomuchadenga dzisingakuvadzi uye dzichipa mvura inobatsira, kusimba kwadzo dzimwe nguva kunogona kukonzera njodzi dzakakomba. Zvakajairika zvakaipa zvinokanganisa zvinosanganisira:
- Mafashama: Nzizi dzemuchadenga dzinogona kukonzera kunaya kwemvura kunozadza ivhu zvokonzera mafashamo munzvimbo dzine dambudziko.
- Ground nemasiraidhi: Kunaya kwemvura yakawanda kunowedzera njodzi yekuondomoka kwevhu, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine makomo kana idzo dzine ivhu risina kugadzikana.
- Kurasikirwa kwezvinhu: Mafashamo uye kuondomoka kwevhu kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune zvivakwa, midziyo, uye zvirimwa.
- Kukanganisa pahupenyu hwevanhu nemhuka: Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, mafashamo anogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu nemhuka dzesango.
Mhosva yakaitika muna Zvita 18, 2016, apo rwizi rwemuchadenga rwakakonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya kumaodzanyemba nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweIberian Peninsula neBalearic Islands. Zvinopfuura 120 litres per square metre zvakanyorwa mumaawa gumi nemaviri chete, zvichikonzera mafashamo uye kufa kunosuruvarisa kwevanhu vatatu.
Kuumbwa kwenzizi dzemumhepo
Atmospheric nzizi chinhu chinonakidza chemeteorological phenomenon chinosanganisira matanho akati wandei mukuumbwa kwadzo:
- Kwemvura: Mvura yemugungwa inodziya inonyungudika, ichigadzira mhute yemvura inokwira mumhepo.
- Kusungwa: Hupfu uhu hunonangana mumabhande matete apo hunotakurwa nemhepo.
- Condensation: Kana mhepo ine mwando ikasangana nemhepo yakadzikama kana makomo, inotonhora uye mhute inobatana, ichigadzira makore.
- Kunaya: Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, mhute iyi inobudiswa semvura kana sinou.
Mienzaniso yenzizi dzemuchadenga uye kukosha kwadzo
Dzimwe nzizi dzemuchadenga dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa nekukanganisa kwadzo mamiriro ekunze edunhu. Somuenzaniso, "Chinanaini Express» inotakura hunyoro kubva kuHawaii kuenda kumahombekombe ekumadokero kweUnited States, zvichikonzera kunaya kwemvura zhinji uye kunaya kwechando kunogona kuderedza kusanaya kwemvura asiwo kukonzera mafashamo.
Mune mamwe mativi enyika, nzizi dzomuchadenga dzinoita basa guru mukugovera mvura. MuCalifornia, zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakati pe25% ne50% yemvura inonaya gore negore inobva munzizi idzi, zvichiita kuti chiitiko ichi chikoshe mukurima uye kutenderera kwemvura. Kunaya kwemvura uku kwakakosha pakuzadza madhamu, kutsigira kurima, nekuchajisa matsime emvura.
Mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze panzizi dziri mumhepo
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukanganisa mafambiro enzizi dziri mumhepo. Zvinotarisirwa kuti nekukwira kuri kuita tembiricha, huwandu hwemhute hungatakurwa nenzizi idzi huchawedzerawo.. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kunaya kwakanyanya uye nguva zhinji, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze akanyanya.
Masayendisiti akaona kuti tembiricha yemhepo yakawedzera neinenge dhigirii rimwe chete reCelsius mumakore zana apfuura, uye inotarisirwa kuramba ichikwira. Shanduko iyi inogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwe7% mukukwanisa kwemhepo kubata mhute yemvura kune imwe neimwe dhigirii yetembiricha, zvichireva kuti nzizi dzemuchadenga dzinogona "kunyorova" uye kuwedzera simba mune ramangwana.
Muzvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura, zvakaratidzwa izvozvo Nzizi dzeAtmospheric dzinokonzera kusvika ku50% yezviitiko zvekunaya kwakanyanya zvinoitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Izvi zvinosanganisira kwete mafashamo chete munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, asiwo kusanaya kwemvura kune dzimwe nzvimbo nekuda kwekuchinja kwemaitiro ekunaya kwemvura.
Kutarisa kune ramangwana
Remangwana renzizi dzemuchadenga inyaya yekuenderera mberi nekudzidza. Vamwe vaongorori vanoti kutama kwenzizi idzi nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kushandura nzira yekunaya kwemvura pasi rose, zvichikonzera kusanaya kwemvura kwakawanda munzvimbo dzine mvura uye mafashamo akawanda munzvimbo dzakaoma. Zvichangobva kuwanikwa nezve hukama pakati petembiricha yemvura yePacific nenzvimbo yenzizi dzemuchadenga zvakakosha kufanotaura kuti dzingakanganisa sei nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi.
Kudzidza kwenzizi dzemuchadenga kwakakosha pakuronga nekudzikamisa njodzi dzadzo, pamwe nekunzwisisa basa radzo mukutenderera kwemvura yepasi rose. Nekuwedzera kuri kuita zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa, kutarisa uye kuenzanisa mafungu aya kuri kuwedzera kukosha kuchengetedzeka nekuchengetedzeka kwenharaunda dzakasiyana pasirese. Zvakakosha kusimudzira ruzivo nezvenzizi dzemuchadenga nemabatiro adzo, kwete maererano nenjodzi chete, asiwo nemabatiro adzinoita zvisikwa uye kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura.
Mimwe mifananidzo panzizi dzemuchadenga
