Mhepo yakapoteredza pasi redu haina kugara iine maumbirwo ayo azvino uno. Kubva pakatanga kuumbwa kwepasi redu, the chinyakare mamiriro Kuumbwa kwayo kwave kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva zvichienderana nehunhu hwepasi uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Tinoziva kuti mhepo yakapoteredza pasi haisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwegasi remagasi akatenderedza muviri wedenga uye anokwezvwa kwariri nesimba regiravhiti. Ivo vanotibatsira kutidzivirira kubva kuultraviolet solar mwaranzi, kutonga tembiricha, uye kudzivirira meteorites kupinda pasi redu.
Naizvozvo, isu tiri kuzotsaurira ichi chinyorwa kukuudza iwe zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvazvo primitive atmosphere nekuumbwa kwayo.
Mamiriro ekutanga
Tiri kutaura nezvemagasi akatenderedza pasi redu, sezvo achikwezvwa nechiito chegiravhiti. Icho chidimbu chegasi icho Rinotidzivirira kubva kuzuva uye kuti kana risipo hupenyu hwaisazokura sekuziva kwedu. Panyika yedu, mhepo yakapoteredza pasi parizvino inoumbwa nenitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen uye argon. Kumwero muduku, inoumbwa nemvura, iyo inoumba makore, uye mamwe macommunication akaita seguruva, mukume, zvisaririra zvokufema, uye kuita kwemoto. Tinoziva kuti mhepo yakapoteredza pasi inopfuura magasi, huruva nemvura. Dai mumhepo iyi hupenyu hwePasi hungadai husingagoneki.
Basa guru nderekutidzivirira kubva kune ultraviolet solar mwaranzi uye kudzora tembiricha yayo. Mukuwedzera, inotibatsira kudzivirira meteorite makuru kuti asapinda pasi redu. Tinoziva kuti haazi ese mhepo dzemapuraneti dzinoumba nyeredzi dzakafanana. Kune dzimwe dzakadzika, dzakadai saSaturn, iyo Ine makiromita zviuru makumi matatu kubva pachigadziko kusvika padanho rekupedzisira. Ukuwo, yepasi redu idiki zvakapetwa katatu, nekudzika kwemakiromita angangoita 10.000 XNUMX. The chimiro chemhepo Inonakidza zvakare nekuda kwezvikamu zvayo zvakasiyana.
Matanda emuchadenga
Chokwadi ndechekuti mhepo inotsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu epamusoro atinosangana nawo. Ivo vese vakasiyana. Yedu mhepo ine mana mana akaturikidzana. Tine troposphere, iyo yakapfuma muokisijeni uye mhute yemvura. Apa ndipo panoitika zvakawanda zvemeteorological phenomena yatinoziva, kusanganisira mvura, mhepo, uye sinou. Kuti isvike kureba uku panoperera troposphere, ndege yehunyanzvi inokwanisa kusvika pakakwirira inodiwa.
Chikamu chechipiri chemhepo chinonzi stratosphere. Inzvimbo yakaoma pasina mamiriro emamiriro ekunze. Ndege hadzigoni kusvika, sezvo pasina mhepo yakakwana yokudzitsigira. Zvisinei, mabharumu emhepo inopisa anogona kusvika. Vanoteverwa nemesosphere. Ndiro danga rinopfuura nepariri nyeredzi dzinopfura. Kana isu tichida kuona vakajairwa vanotambudzwa, isu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti vanopfuura nemumesosphere. Iwo mameteoroids akaparara muchikamu chekupedzisira chemhepo uye anopfuura nepano.
The thermosphere ndiyo penzura yemhepo yePasi pano panoitika mwenje yekumaodzanyemba uye neshuttles orbit. Pakupedzisira, pane exosphere. Ndiyo iyo, pamwe chete nemamwe mazinga, inodzivirira hupenyu hwepasi. Basa rayo guru Ndeyokutidzivirira pamwaranzi ye<em>gamma inobva kuzuva.
Kugadzirwa kwechinyakare mamiriro
Mamiriro ekutanga iyo yakasikwa makore anosvika mabhiriyoni mana apfuura. Iyo nzira yekuumbwa kweiyo primitive atmosphere inogona kukamurwa kuita 4 nhanho. Chinhu chekutanga kuchengeta mupfungwa ndechekuti haina kugara iri nzvimbo yakanaka yekuumbwa kwehupenyu. Nyika yedu yakanga isina iyi mhoteredzo yakanaka nokuda kwokusimukira kwoupenyu. Nyika makore 4.500 apfuura yaive geologically inoshanda zvakanyanya. Paiva nekuputika kukuru kwemakomo kwakakonzera kusika mhepo yekare. Mhepo iyi yaive yakaumbwa nemhute yemvura, carbon dioxide, sulfur uye nitrogen. Panguva iyi mukuumbwa kwemhepo yekutanga, oxygen yakanga isiripo uye makungwa akange asipo.
Muchikamu chechipiri chekuumbwa, tinoona kuti, sezvo pasi rakatonhora, mhute yemvura yakakwanisa kudzika, ichiita makungwa, sezvo yakanaya kwenguva yakareba. Mvura payakadonha, kabhoni dhaikisaidhi yakabatana nematombo epanyika kugadzira carbonates. Aya carbonates akakosha pakuumbwa kwehupenyu uye kuti makungwa ave munyu, sezvaari nhasi.
Chikamu chechitatu chinoitika makore angangoita mabhiriyoni matatu nezana apfuura. Apa ndipo panoonekwa mabhakitiriya anokwanisa kuita photosynthesis. Kureva, mabhakitiriya aya anokwanisa kubudisa oxygen. Kugadzirwa kweokisijeni uku kwakafambisa kukura kwehupenyu munzvimbo yegungwa. Muchadenga pawangova neokisijeni yakakwana, danho rechina rakatanga. Panguva ino, tinowana mhepo uye seti yezvakasiyana-siyana zvezvakatipoteredza izvo zvine basa rekugadzira mamiriro anodiwa mukushanduka kwezvipenyu zvakakura. Kubva pakushanduka-shanduka uku, mhuka dzinokwanisa kufema mweya dzinoberekwa, dzichitaura kukosha kwe the Archean eon munhoroondo yePasi.
Shanduko mukuumbwa
Maumbirwo akasiyana emuchadenga akatonga panyika yedu zvichienderana nenguva ye geological yatinozviwana tiri mairi. Tiri kutaura pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvinosiyana pakati pemhepo ine kuderedzwa kwechikamu cheokisijeni maererano nemamwe magasi. Nitrogen yakagara iripo, sezvo iri gasi rinoonekwa seinert, sezvo risingaiti kana kuti zvakamuomera chaizvo kuti aite.
Nenzira iyi, takakwanisa kusvika kumhepo yazvino, iyo ine magasi akagadzirwa mune imwe neimwe yematanho apfuura atakurukura. Aya magasi anochengetwa achifamba nguva dzose nekuita kwemhepo nemvura. Simba guru rinotyaira mhepo ndiyo mwaranzi yezuva, iyo inokonzera shanduko mukuwanda kwayo. Nekuda kwesimba remuchadenga iri, vanhu nezvimwe zvipenyu zvinofema. Pasina aya magasi, pangadai pasina upenyu panyika.