ari condensation nzira iwo makore ane aizi, mitsetse mirefu inomboonekwa kana ndege inopfuura uye inokonzerwa nekumonereka kwemhute yemvura iri mukubuda kweinjini. Dzimwe nguva mamwe marudzi ezvipingamupinyi anoumbwawo pamatipi emapapiro, nekuda kwekumisikidzwa kwemhute yemuchadenga inokonzerwa nekudonha kwekumanikidza uye tembiricha kunoitika kana ndege yapfuura, asi iyo yekupedzisira inowanzoitika panguva yekusimuka nekumhara. , kwete panguva kubhururuka pamwero wakakwirira, uye vanogara zvishoma.
Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve condensation nzira uye hunhu hwavo.
Mhando huru
Injini dzendege dzinoburitsa mhute yemvura, carbon dioxide (CO2), trace amounts of nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur gases and soot uye metallic particles. Pamagasi ese aya uye zvimedu, mhute yemvura ndiyo yega inobatanidzwa nekuumbwa kwe contrail. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve kwakabva maumbirwo aya, unogona kushanyira chinyorwa chedu chemtrails uye zvazvinoita pazvakatipoteredza.
Kuti ugadzire kumuka kukuru kuseri kwendege mukubhururuka, kumwe tembiricha uye hunyoro mamiriro anodiwa kuti ubvumidze hutsi hunogadzirwa neinjini. Sulfur magasi anogona kubatsira nekuti anobvumira zvidimbu zvidiki kuumba izvo zvinogona kuita senge condensation nuclei, asi kazhinji, zvichiri kudikanwa kuti uzive izvozvo. Icho chiitiko chinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze and the kuumbwa kwenzira dze condensation.
Pane zvikamu zvakakwana mumhepo kuti zvishande semakonzori. Magasi asara uye zvimedu zvinoburitswa neinjini yendege hazvikanganisi kuumbwa kwekumuka.
Apo magasi anobudiswa nendege anovhengana nemhepo yakapoteredza, anotonhora nokukurumidza, kana mumhepo muine mwando wakakwana kuti utonhodze musanganiswa wacho. Kana saturation yasvika, mhute yemvura inodzika. Unyoro hwemusanganiswa, kureva, kana hunosvika pakuzara, hunoenderana nekupisa uye hunyoro hwemhepo, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwemhepo yemvura uye kutonhora kwekubuda kwendege.
Maumbirwo avo
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemhepo negasi zvakadzingwa, kuchinjisa tembiricha, uye hunyoro hwehunyoro, contrails inogona kuve yakaoma, inoramba ichienderera, uye inobatsira mukuumbwa kwegore, kana neimwe nzira kutanga kuparara nekukurumidza.
Nomuzvarirwo, mumhepo, kunyanya pamatunhu akakwirira, mazinga ekunyorova uye Kuchinja kwemhepo kunopa nzira pakuumbwa kwemakore ecirrus, uye dzimwe nguva izvi zvinogona kunge zvakangofanana nemakwara anosiiwa nendege kana chero rudzi rwendege. Kuti vasiyanise, ongororo yekucherechedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze inofanirwa kuitwa uye kuona kuti ndeipi nhanho yemhepo yavari uye kuti kwakabva kupi. kudzidziswa uye evolution.
Chimwe chezvishandiso zvakajairika kuti uvaone zvakadzama mifananidzo yesatellite yakatorwa kubva muchadenga. Ongororo dzesainzi dzakaona kuti contrails inongotora masekonzi mashoma kana maminetsi kana mweya uri mumhepo waoma, asi kana mweya wanyorova, contrails inogona kugara kwenguva yakareba uye kuwedzera kuva makore akafara secirrus, kazhinji idzo dzine hunhu hwakafanana nemanyuko emusikirwo.
Contrails kazhinji inoderedza huwandu hwemwaranzi yezuva inosvika paPasi, nekudaro ichiwedzera huwandu hwemwaranzi ye infrared inotorwa nemhepo, senge makore ecirrus ane maitiro akafanana.
Mhando dzenzira dzekondensa
Kana contrail yavepo, kushanduka kwayo kunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Saka isu tinokwanisa kuona iwo matatu marudzi ekupikisa akataurwa mu poster:
- nzira pfupi: iyi ndiyo mitsetse michena yatinoona kuseri kwendege inonyangarika sekukurumidza kupfuura kupfuura kwendege. Zvinoitika kana huwandu hwemhute hwemvura mumhepo hwadzikira, uyezve mazaya echando anoumba kumuka nekukasira kudzokera kumamiriro awo egasi.
- Kuramba kunopesana kusingaparadzire: iyi mitsetse michena mirefu inoramba iripo mushure mekunge ndege yapfuura, asi isingakure kana kupararira. Zvinoitika kana hunyoro hwemuchadenga huchikwira, saka zvipingamupinyi hazviputsi (kunyanya, hazvina sublimate), uye zvinogona kugara kwemaawa.
- Kuramba kunopesana kwasara: apo gore rinokura, mitsetse inova gobvu, yakakura, uye isina kuenzana muchimiro. Izvi zvinoitika kana hunyoro hwemuchadenga hwava pedyo nekudzika, mhute yemvura iri mumhepo inogona kunyura kuita zvidimbu zveaizi pakumuka. Kana panewo kusagadzikana uye mhirizhonga, trajectory ine chimiro chisina kukwana. Nzira idzi dzinogonawo kufambiswa nemhepo.
Contrail Prediction
Kududzwa kwekutanga kwezvipingamupinyi zvakatangira pakupera kweHondo Yenyika I, apo ndege dzaigona kubhururuka munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Vanopihwa migariro yekuumbwa kwavo. Kusvikira pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II, vaingoonekwa sekuda kuziva, asi munguva yehondo, contrails yakava nyaya inonakidza nekuti yaigona kupa kureba nzvimbo yendege. Saka, munyika dzakasiyana vakatanga kuferefeta zvikonzero uye mamiriro kuumbwa kwavo. Muna 1953, American Appleman yakaburitsa girafu inoita kuti zvikwanise kuona kana uye padanho ripi contrails richaumbwa neruzivo rwepamusoro-soro tembiricha uye hunyoro mamiriro.
Contrails inogoneka pasi pemamiriro aya (kana paine hunyoro hwakakwana mumhepo yakatenderedza) Pamusoro peiyo 400hPa level, inoenderana nekukwirira kweanenge 7 km. uye zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kunge zviri pamazinga akakwirira kusvika yave pedyo (kunyangwe ne0% humidity mumhepo) Pamusoro pe280 hPa (mapoinzi akaiswa mutsvuku), i.e. zvishoma pamusoro pe9 km kureba.
kuvhiringidzika kwemhepo
Zvakawanda zvinoitwa nevanhu zvine zvinokuvadza pamhepo, uye mitsetse iyi iri mudenga muenzaniso wakanaka. Magasi anobudiswa nendege zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga mhepo yakapoteredza pasi. Kana gasi rinosvibisa rasangana nemhepo, madonhwe emvura ari mugore anoita acidify uye zvinosvibisa zvinozogara pamusoro.
Kuwedzera kwendege mumakore achangopfuura kwakakonzera kuwedzera kwe contrails, izvo zvechokwadi zvinokanganisa maitiro echisikigo ekuchinjana nemwaranzi uye kuvhenekera kubva kuzuva nenyika, mamiriro anokonzera kupisa kusingaenzaniswi kana kutonhora kwePasi. mhepo.