Kupedza kuongorora kwedu kweiyo mhando dzakasiyana dzemakore Isu tinogadzirisa iro rinogona kunge riri rinotyisa uye rinonakidza gore, isu tinoreva iyo cumulonimbus, iyo yechipiri mhando yekutwasuka makore ekuvandudza, kunyangwe muchokwadi iri mhedzisiro yesumbu rine kukura kukuru.
Zvinoenderana neWMO inotsanangurwa segore gobvu uye gobvu, iine yakakura kusimuka kusimuka, muchimiro chemakomo kana kuti shongwe hombe. Chikamu, chinenge chepamusoro payo, chinowanzo kutsetseka, chine fibrous kana striated, uye chinenge chakagara chakatsetseka; Ichi chikamu chinowanzowedzera muchimiro cheanvil kana kuti yakakura plume. Pazasi pechigadziko, chakasviba zvakanyanya, chinooneka makore madiki abvaruka uye kunaya kwemvura kana mvura. Uyezve, izvi zviitiko zvinogona kubatanidzwa Dutu makore zvichiratidza kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze.
Sezvatakataura, Cumulonimbus idanho rinotevera rekusimudzira, padanho rinokwira rekuenda, kuCumulus Congestus, saka, iwo makore ehukuru hwekumusoro (misoro inowanzo kuve pakati pe8 ne14 km kumusoro). Munzvimbo medu dzinobva zvakanyanya muchirimo uye muzhizha mu kusagadzikana mamiriro, iyo inogonawo kukonzerwa ne kusvibiswa kwemuchadenga iyo inofarira kuumbwa kwayo.
Makore aya anoumbwa nemadonhwe emvura uye makristasi echando kumusoro kana kuti anvil. Mukati mune zvakare madonhwe makuru emvura, chando chechando, granulated ice, chimvuramabwe uye mumamiriro ekusagadzikana kwakanyanya. chimvuramabwe yehukuru hwakakura.
Ivo vanowanzo gadzira tormenta, ndiko kuti, kunaya kwemvura, semvura kana chimvuramabwe, kazhinji, kunyangwe kuchinewo chando munguva yechando, ichiperekedzwa nemhepo ine simba uye kubuda kwemagetsi kunoitika pakati pemakore kana pakati pegore nepasi (mheni).
Iyo Cumulonimbus ndiwo madzimambo emakore, akanyanya kutorwa mifananidzo uye chinoshamisa kwazvo. Vanokweretesa ivo pachavo kutorwa mifananidzo mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, uye zvinonakidza kukwanisa kuvatora mufananidzo wakazara wedutu kutevedzana. Kwete kuvhiringika neCumulonimbus makore, ayo akareba uye ane fibrous chimiro kumusoro. Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti kune makore akawanda anofadza, the altocumulus ndeimwe misiyano inofanirwa kutaurwa.
Vane marudzi maviri (Calvus neCapillatus) uye hapana marudzi. Iyo cumulonimbus gore kirasi inozivikanwa nechimiro chayo chisina kujairika uye zvakare nemabhanan'ana ane simba aanogadzira. Mumamiriro ekunze anodziya, anowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwepamusoro uye tembiricha inodziya, zvichifarira kuumbwa kwavo mukati memwedzi inodziya yegore, kunyangwe zvisiri zvakajairika kuti vaonekwe munguva yechando. Kuvandudzwa kwemakore aya kunogonawo kudzidzwa mukati memamiriro ezvinhu e kureba nokukwirira kwamakore.
General maitiro eCumulonimbus
Makore eCumulonimbus mahombe, makore akasvibira anoratidzirwa neinotevera seti yezvivakwa:
- Urefu uye vertical kukura: Makore aya anogona kubva pakakwirira (pasi pe2 km) kusvika pakakwirira zvikuru (kusvika makiromita makumi maviri munzvimbo dzinopisa). Munzvimbo dzakadzikama, dzinowanzosvika pakati pe20 km ne10 km pakureba.
- Shape: Chimiro chazvo chakamira uye chakaputika, chine mugumo wepamusoro unowanzoita kuti zvive zvakatsetseka, zvichivapa chitarisiko chakaita seanvil. Ichi chimiro chinokonzerwa nemhepo ine simba mukati.
- Color: Iwo machena akajeka muchiedza chezuva, asi anogona kushanduka akasviba uye anotyisa panguva yemadutu nekuda kwehuwandu hwemvura uye makristasi echando anawo.
- Kunaya: Dzinozivikanwa nekuburitsa mvura zhinji, chimvuramabwe, mheni nemhepo ine simba. The mhepo inotonhora kupinda pazasi panogona kugadzira madhiriji akakosha emagetsi.
Ko Cumulonimbus makore anoumbwa sei?
Kuumbwa kweCumulonimbus kune hukama kune akati wandei akakosha zvinhu:
- Mhepo inopisa uye ine mwando: Mhepo inopisa inodziya inosangana nepasi uye inotanga kukwira nekuda kwekuderera kwayo. Uku kusimuka kunowedzerwa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kune yakasimba convective currents.
- Adiabatic kutonhora: Sezvo mweya unodziya unokwira, unotonhora nekuda kwekuderera kwemhepo yemhepo. Kutonhodza uku kunokonzera kudzika kwemhute yemvura, iyo inoburitsa madonhwe emvura anoumba gore.
- Kusagadzikana kweatmospheric: Nzvimbo isina kugadzikana inodiwa mumhepo, umo mutsauko wetembiricha pakati pemhepo inodziya neinotonhora inofarira kukura kwakamira kwegore. Pasina kugadzikana, gore harigoni kukura zvakanaka.
- Mhepo inoyerera: ari updrafts uye downdrafts izvo zvinoitika mukati meCumulonimbus zvakakosha pakukura kwayo. Mafungu aya anogona kusvika pakumhanya kusvika mazana emamita paminiti.
Kuumbwa kwese kwese kunogona kutora kubva pamaminetsi mashoma kusvika kumaawa akati wandei, zvichienderana nemamiriro emuchadenga. Kana achinge agadzirwa, makore aya anogona kuenderera uye kuchinja chimiro nekufamba kwenguva, achiratidza hunhu hwakasiyana panguva dzakasiyana dzematanho ekukura. Iyi maturation process inogona kufananidzwa neyemamwe makore, akadai cirrus, iyo ine maitiro akasiyana uye maitiro.
Cumulonimbus marudzi uye akasiyana
Mukati mechikamu checumulonimbus makore, kune marudzi maviri makuru ane hunhu chaihwo:
- Cumulonimbus calvus: Iri rudzi rwegore harina kuvandudzwa, nepamusoro pepamusoro uye zvishoma kushanda kwemagetsi. Iyo inzvimbo yepakati isati yave Cumulonimbus capillatus.
- Cumulonimbus capillatus: Iyi ndiyo yakanyanya kukura uye yakagadziridzwa mamiriro, uko iyo hunhu anvil inogona kucherechedzwa. Makore aya anowanzo nyanya kusimba maererano nekunaya kwemvura uye convective chiitiko.
Cumulonimbus inogonawo kugadzira zviitiko zvinopindirana, senge makore mamma, inova maprotuberances anokura pazasi pegore, uye arcus makore, dzine chimiro chechimiro pahwaro hwadzo. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinoonekwa zvinogona kushamisa sezvinoonekwa mukati Pileus makore.
Impact pane meteorology uye ndege
Makore eCumulonimbus ane chekuita nemamiriro ekunze uye anonyanya kufarira kune vanoongorora mamiriro ekunze. Vanogona kukanganisa kuchengetedza kwemhepo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:
- Kuvhiringidzika kwakanyanya: Kukurumidza kuchinja mukumanikidza uye tembiricha kunogona kukonzera mhirizhonga ine njodzi inokanganisa kugadzikana kwendege.
- Mheni uye magetsi emagetsi: Cumulonimbus-yakabatana nemadutu anozivikanwa kuburitsa mheni, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa ndege nemasystem avo emagetsi.
- Rumbidzai: Vanogona kuburitsa chimvuramabwe chikuru chinoisa njodzi yakakomba kundege, kukuvadza fuselages, injini uye masisitimu ekudzora.
- Kusaonekwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu: Kunaya kwemvura zhinji uye makore akatsikirira zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuoneka, zvichiita kuti kumhara nekusimuka kunetse.
Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti vatyairi vendege nevatyairi vendege vazive kuvepo kwemakore aya uye kuti vagare vaine ruzivo nezvebudiriro yavo kuburikidza nemishumo yemamiriro ekunze uye nehunyanzvi radar masisitimu. Pamusoro pezvo, vanoongorora mamiriro ekunze vanotora chiitiko ichi kuti vafanotaura dutu regirini izvo zvinobatanidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu ekusagadzikana kwemhepo.
Makore eCumulonimbus chinhu chinonakidza uye chakaomarara chinoita basa rakakosha mumamiriro ekunze edu. Kunzwisisa kuti makore aya anoumba uye kukura sei kunogona kubatsira kwete meteorologists chete, asiwo avo vose vanofarira kunaka uye simba rezvisikwa.
