Nyika yedu igadziriro yechisikigo inoumbwa nezvinhu zvipenyu uye nharaunda inooneka kwazvinodyidzana nekugara. Pfungwa ye ecosphere Inovhara seti yese yezvinhu sekunge izere mukati meiyo ecosystem. Isu tinoziva kuti ecosystem yakafanana neimba yezvipenyu zvinogara muzvisikwa uye inopa zviwanikwa zvese zvavanoda kuti vararame, kudya, uye kubereka.
Muchikamu chino tiri kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve ecosphere uye nehunhu hwayo.
Chii chinonzi ecosphere
Pfungwa ye ecosphere izere, inosanganisira seti yezvinhu zvakazara. Iri izwi rinotaura nezve ecosystem nenzira inowanzo onekwa kubva pakuona kwepuraneti. Semuenzaniso, ecosystem inoumbwa nemhepo, geosphere, hydrosphere uye biosphere. Ngatiparadze chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu uye kuti ndeapi maitiro avanazvo:
- Geosphere: Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo inotenderedza zvikamu zvese zvehupenyu zvakaita sematombo nevhu. Ichi chikamu chese cheecosystem haina hupenyu hwayo uye zvipenyu zvinoishandisa sekudya. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani chikamu ichi zvakakosha kuongorora zvakawanda nezve geosphere uye kukosha kwayo mune ecosystem.
- Hydrosphere: Inopindirana nemvura yese iripo mune ecosystem. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemvura, ingave yakachena kana yemunyu. Mu hydrosphere tinowana nzizi, madziva, hova, hova, makungwa nemakungwa. Kana tikatora muenzaniso wemasango ecosystem, tinoona kuti hydrosphere chikamu cherwizi runoyambuka sango. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, unogona kubvunza chinyorwa pa hydrosphere uye maitiro ayo.
- Mamiriro ekunze: Zvose zvipenyu zviri munyika zvine mhepo yazvo. Ndiko kuti, ndiyo mhepo yakapoteredza apo magasi anobudiswa nemabasa ezvisikwa zvipenyu anotsinhaniswa. Zvirimwa zvinogadzira photosynthesis uye zvinoburitsa okisijeni nekutora carbon dioxide. Kuchinjana kwemagasi uku kunoitika mumhepo.
- Biosphere: zvinogona kutaurwa kuti inzvimbo yakatemerwa nekuvapo kwezvinhu zvipenyu. Mune mamwe mazwi, tichidzokera kumuenzaniso weiyo ecosystem ecosystem, tinogona kuti iyo biosphere inzvimbo yeecosystem inogara zvipenyu. Inogona kusvika kubva pasi pevhu kusvika kudenga uko shiri dzinobhururuka.
Ecosystems uye biomes
Iyo hombe ecosystem inotenderedza ecosphere inogona kupatsanurwa kuita madiki akati wandei ari nyore kudzidza uye anogona kuratidza akatevedzana ezvakasiyana maitiro. Kunyangwe iwo ese ari chikamu chepamusoro mayuniti anonzi mabiomes, iyo ecosystem inogona kupatsanurwa kuita yuniti yakazara. Kureva kuti, ecosystem pachayo ine zvese zvinodiwa kutsigira hupenyu uye kuti kudyidzana pakati pezvipenyu nemhoteredzo kuvepo. A biome ndizvo seti yeakakura ecosystems anobatanidza akafanana maitiro uye ayo anogona kunge ari emumvura uye epasi.
Ngatitorei muenzaniso wezvakati wandei zvipenyu: semuenzaniso, tinogona kuwana madhaka, estuaries, masango, savanna, nzvimbo dzegungwa dzakazaruka, etc. Dai taizotaura nezve ecosystems taigona kutaura nezve rumwe rutivi, sango, nezvimwe zvakadaro, iyo biome ndiyo seti yezvipenyu izvi uko mhando dzakafanana dzinogona kurarama.
Iye zvino ndipo patinofanira kusuma munhu mukuenzanisa. Vanhu vanopatsanura nekuisa mumapoka ecosystems kuti vanzwisise zviri nani. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa nekuchengetedza iwo paunoda. Chinhu chimwe chakajeka: zvisikwa zvose, uye pane hukama husingadzivisiki, hunogara huripo, uye hwakaoma kunzwisisa pakati pezvipenyu nemhoteredzo inoumba ecosphere.
Tsananguro yeiyo ecosphere yevana
Nenzira yakapfava, isu tichaenda kutsanangura iyo ecosphere. Iyo inogona kutariswa sekunge yaive yepasi rose ecosystem iyo mune zvese zvipenyu zvine hukama kune imwe neimwe zvakananga kana zvisina kunangana. Ngatitorei muenzaniso wephotosynthetic zvipenyu. Izvi zvipuka zvine basa rekuburitsa okisijeni mumhepo uye zvinoshanda zvimwe zvipenyu kuti zvizvidyise. Iyo hydrological kutenderera iri zvakare chikamu cheiyo ecosphere ine kukosha mupasi rese. Zvese zvipenyu zvinoshandisa mvura sezvo tichiida kuti tigone kurarama.
Nzira yekufambisa mvura mumakungwa nenyika yakakosha kuhupenyu uye inoitika pachiyero chepuraneti. Iyi ndiyo hydrological cycle. Kuti titarisire pasi, tinofanira kutarisira ecosphere uye kuzvitarisira pachedu.
Ekisheni uye kuyedza
Iyo ecosphere inozivikanwawo seyeyedzo yakakurumbira yakaitwa neNASA nepfungwa yekugadzira ecosystems yaive mhando yediki yepasi. Chinangwa chaive chekufananidza hukama hwese pakati pezvisikwa zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu kutevedzera nyika diki.
Mukati mezai rekristaro rakaunzwa substrate yemvura yegungwa, ine shrimp, algae, gorgonia, mavhu uye mabhakitiriya. Basa rebhayoloji rinoitwa rakazvimiririra rimwechete sezvo mudziyo wakavharwa zvine chisimbiso. Chinhu chimwe chete chainogamuchira kubva kunze chiedza chekunze kuchengetedza kutenderera kwehupenyu, kuvanza kuvapo kwezuva panyika yedu.
Iyi ecosphere kuyedza yakaonekwa senyika yakakwana uko shrimp inogona kurarama kwemakore akati wandei nekuda kwekuzvikwanira kwenzvimbo. Uye zvakare, hapana mhando yekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza saka haidi chero mhando yekuchenesa uye kuigadzirisa kwayo kushoma. Iyi mhando inonakidza yekuyedza kuti unzwisise izvozvo, chero bedzi ecological balance inoremekedzwa, zvese zvinokwanisa kurarama mukuwirirana.
Tinogona kukwevera kumwe kuenzanisa nezviri kuitika nhasi kuti tinzwisise uye kusimudzira ruzivo rwekudikanwa kwekuita mamwe mamiriro kuti uwane zvakare uye kuchengetedza chiyero chemhoteredzo. Ne tekinoroji yemazuva ano tinogona kugadzira huwandu hukuru hwekusvibisa simba iro irikukonzera kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza kurasikirwa mupasi replanet. Tiri kuparadzawo zvipenyu uye nzvimbo dzinogara mhuka dzakawanda, tichiwanzodziendesa kutsakatika.
Kunyangwe iyo ecosphere yepasi redu iri yakaoma kunzwisisa kupfuura iyo yekuyedza, iwo marongero ehupenyu anokurawo nenzira imwecheteyo. Kune zvimwe zvakakosha zvinhu zvinopindira se iwo mweya, pasi, chiedza, mvura uye hupenyu uye zvese zvine hukama kune chimwe nechimwe. Vamwe vanoti izvo zvakasikwa zvakasikwa kubva pane zvine simba zvinotungamira kune ese ari maviri harmonic uye mhirizhonga mamiriro.