Mumunda wefizikisi fizikisi, akasiyana marudzi e radiation aripo anofundwa. Mune ino kesi, isu ticha tarisa pakudzidza iyo gamma mwaranzi. Iwo ma electromagnetic radiations anogadzirwa neradioactive disintegration yeatomic nuclei. Iyi gamma mwaranzi ine mwaranzi wepamusoro-soro uye iri pakati peakanyanya njodzi kuvanhu, pamwe chete nemamwe mwaranzi yeionizing. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iwo ma radiation ayo, kunyangwe asina chaji yemagetsi, anogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakakura kumaseru emunhu neDNA yavo.
Naizvozvo, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza nezve hunhu, kukosha, uye mashandisiro egamma rays. Tichagadzirisawo zvinokonzeresa hutano uye mashandisiro muhunyanzvi hwepamusoro, hwakadai semushonga.
Mhando huru
Mukupfupisa, tiri kuenda kunonyora iwo makuru maitiro eiyo gamma mwaranzi:
- Iwo ma particles asingacha zorore sezvo achifamba nekumhanya kwechiedza.
- Ivo zvakare havana mari yemagetsi sezvo vasina kutsauswa nemagetsi nemagineti minda.
- Ivo vane zvishoma zvishoma kune ionizing simba kunyangwe ivo vari ekupinda mukati. Gamma mwaranzi yeradon dzinogona kupfuura kusvika pamasendimita gumi nemashanu esimbi.
- Aya mafungu akaita sechiedza asi ane simba rakawanda kupfuura maX-ray.
- Chidimbu chema radioactive chinobatwa mugland uye chinodzivirira gamma radiation chinoita kuti zvikwanise kudzidza gland iyi nekuiwana pamhenderekedzo yegungwa.
Ivo vane akanyanya kuwanda radiation uye ndeimwe yeanotyisa mwaranzi kuvanhu, senge ese ionizing radiation. Njodzi irimo pakuti iwo ane simba-guru mafungu anokwanisa kukundisa zvisingadzoreke mamorekuru. izvo zvinoumba masero, zvichikonzera kuchinja kwemajini uye kunyange rufu. PaPasi, tinogona kuona zvitubu zvemwaranzi yegamma mukuora kweradionuclides uye kusangana kwemwaranzi yecosmic nemhepo; mwaranzi shoma kwazvo inogadzirawo rudzi urwu rwemwaranzi. Pamusoro pezvo, kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mamwe marudzi eradiation, unogona kubvunza chinyorwa chedu Zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve mheni.
Gamma ray zvivakwa
Kazhinji, kuwanda kweiri radiation kwakakura kupfuura 1020 Hz, saka ine simba rakakura kupfuura zana keV uye wavelength isingasviki 100 × 3 -10 m, yakaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura dhayamita yeatomu. Kudyidzana kunosanganisira gamma mwaranzi yesimba kubva kuTeV kuenda kuPeV zvakare kwave kudzidza.
Gamma mwaranzi inopinda kupfuura kupisa kwemwaranzi kunoitwa nedzimwe nzira dzekuora kwemwaranzi, kana kuora kweAlpha uye kuora kwe beta, nekuda kwekuita kushoma kwekudyidzana nenyaya. Gamma radiation inoumbwa nemaphotoni. Uyu ndiwo musiyano wakakura kubva kune alpha radiation iyo inoumbwa ne helium nuclei uye beta radiation iyo inoumbwa nemagetsi.
Photons, sezvo ivo vasina kushongedzerwa nehukuru, ivo vashoma ionizing. Panzvimbo idzi mafambiro, rondedzero yezvinoitika zvekudyidzana pakati pesimba remagetsi nemagetsi uye nenyaya hazvigone kufuratira zviyero zvemagetsi. Gamma mwaranzi inosiyaniswa neX-ray nemavambo avo. Izvo zvinogadzirwa nenyukireya kana subatomic shanduko, mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, nepo X-ray inogadzirwa neshanduko yesimba nekuda kwemaerekitironi anopinda mukati memahara emahara emagetsi emagetsi kubva kune ekunze akaenzana maseru esimba.
Sezvo mamwe mabhindauko emagetsi achigona kudarika simba reimwe shanduko yenyukireya, kuwanda kwesimba repamusoro-soro reX-rays kunogona kunge kwakakwira kupfuura kuwanda kweiyo yakaderera simba gamma mwaranzi. Asi kutaura zvazviri, ese ari mafungu emagetsi, seredhiyo uye chiedza. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve zvimwe zvikamu zve spectrum, unogona kutarisa chinyorwa chedu spectroscopy, marudzi uye maitiro.
Zvishandiso zvakaitwa nekutenda kune ye gamma mwaranzi
Izvo zvinhu zvinodiwa kuchengetedza gamma mwaranzi zvakakora kupfuura izvo zvinodiwa kuchengetedza alpha uye beta zvimedu. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuvharwa nepepa rakapfava (α) kana ndiro yakatetepa yesimbi (β). Zvishandiso zvine yakakwira nhamba yeatomiki uye yakakwira density inogona zvirinani kutora gamma mwaranzi. Muchokwadi, kana 1 cm yekutungamira ichidikanwa kudzikisa kusimba kweiyo gamma mwaranzi ne50%, mhedzisiro yakafanana inoitika muna 6 cm esimende uye 9 masendimita epasi rakamanikidzwa.
Zvinhu zvekudzivirira zvinowanzo kuyerwa maererano nehupamhi hunodiwa kutema kupisa kwemwaranzi nehafu. Zviripachena, iyo inowedzera simba reiyo photon, inowedzera kukura kweye inodiwa nhovo.
Naizvozvo, gobvu masikirini anodikanwa kudzivirira vanhu, nekuti gamma mwaranzi uye maX-ray anogona kukonzera kutsva, gomarara, uye magene ekuchinja. Semuyenzaniso, mune magetsi emagetsi enyukireya, inoshandiswa kuchengetedza simbi nesimende mune midziyo yemapellets, nepo mvura inogona kudzivirira mwaranzi panguva yekuchengetera mafuta tsvimbo kana panguva reactor core transport. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve kuti chiedza chinoshanda sei mumamiriro eradiation, tarisa chinyorwa chedu chii chiri chiedza.
Use
Ionizing kurapwa kwemwaranzi inzira yemuviri inoshandiswa kuwana sterilization yezvinhu zvekurapa uye zvehutsanana, kubviswa kwechikafu, mbishi zvigadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri, uye mashandisiro avo mune dzimwe nzvimbo, Tichaona gare gare.
Maitiro aya anosanganisira kufumura chekupedzisira chakarongedzwa kana chigadzirwa chakakura kana chinhu kune ionizing simba. Izvi zvinoitwa mune yakasarudzika kamuri inonzi iradiation kamuri kune yega mamiriro akasarudzika uye mukati menguva yakatarwa yenguva. Aya mafungu anonyatsopinda zvigadzirwa zvakafumurwa, zvinosanganisira multilayer mumapaketi zvigadzirwa.
Iko kushandiswa kweCobalt 60 yekurapa kwezvirwere zvemota inzira iri parizvino yakapararira kwazvo munyika yangu nepasirese nekuda kwekushanda kwayo uye kuchengetedzeka kwemukati. Inonzi cobalt therapy kana cobalt therapy uye inosanganisira kufumura matomu matema kumagamma mwaranzi.
Nechinangwa ichi, inonzi inonzi cobalt treatment device inoshandiswa. Ichi chishandiso chine musoro wakadzivirirwa wakashongedzerwa necobalt 60 uye wakashongedzerwa nemudziyo unonyatso kudzora kuratidzwa kunodiwa mune yega yega nyaya kurapa zvakakwana chirwere. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve maburi matema uye kudyidzana kwawo nemwaranzi, unogona kuverenga chinyorwa chedu supermassive black holes.
Yekutanga kushambadzira kushandiswa kwesionization simba kwakadzokera kumashure kwekutanga ma1960. Nhasi, kune akakomberedza zana nemakumi matanhatu emiti yekudyara emvura iri kushanda mupasi, yakagoverwa munyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu, ichipa akasiyana siyana masevhisi kune akawanda maindasitiri.
Sezvauri kuona, kunyangwe zviine njodzi, munhu anokwanisa kushandisa gamma rays munzvimbo dzakawanda sekukwereswa nemushonga. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve gamma mwaranzi uye hunhu hwavo.