Pakati pemakungwa ari mukati meIndian Ocean isu tine gungwa reArabia. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare seGungwa reOman kana Gungwa reArabia. Iyo yakakura mvura yemunyu ine kukosha kukuru kwehupfumi sezvo iri nzira yekutengeserana inobatanidza Europe neIndia subcontinent. Risati ranzi Gungwa reArabia, raizivikanwa nemamwe mazita akadai seGungwa rePersia, Gungwa reErythraean, uye Gungwa reIndia. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvemakungwa edunhu rino, unogona kubvunza chinyorwa pa makungwa eAsia y makungwa enyika.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese hunhu, kuumbwa, zvipenyu zvakasiyana uye kutyisidzira kweGungwa reArabia.
Mhando huru
Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweIndia Ocean. Yakaganhurana kumadokero neNyanga yeAfrica uye Peninsula yeArabia neYemen neOman pamiganhu yayo, kumabvazuva neIndia subcontinent, kuchamhembe nePakistan neIran uye kumaodzanyemba nechikamu cheIndian Ocean. Chimwe chinonakidza chegungwa iri ndechekuti hapana zvitsuwa pakati. Zvisinei, kune nzvimbo uko huremu hwepakati hunopfuura 3.000 metres.
Rwizi rweIndus ndirwo rwizi rwakakosha zvikuru runoyerera munzvimbo yese. Ndiyo imwe yenzizi dzakanyanya kukosha kupa mvura kugungwa iri, uye iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvazvo munyaya ye indus river. Nzvimbo yaro inosanganisira Gulf yeAden, Gulf yeKhambhat, Gulf yeKutch, uye Gulf yeOman, iyo yakabatana nePersian Gulf kuburikidza neStrait yeHormuz. Pamiviri midiki iyi, Gulf yeAden uye Gulf yeOman ndiwo matavi ayo akakosha.
Harisi iro gungwa iro rakakura mudiki muhukuru, asi harisi iro rimwe remakuru pasi rese. Iyo yakazara nzvimbo yeGungwa reArabia angangoita 3.8 mamirioni emakiromita. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo kune hukuru hwakakura hunobatsira kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu zvakasiyana uye kudzikisira kukanganisa kwenzvimbo. Iyo yakadzika nzvimbo yegungwa rese ndeye 4652 metres. Iyo nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo inonyoresa inosvika anosvika mazana maviri nemazana mana emakiromita, achive makungwa akapamhamha.
Nekuda kwehunhu uhwu yave imwe yenzira dzakakosha kubva kuEurope kuenda kuIndia subcontinent, iyo inoratidzawo kubatana kwayo ne Persian Gulf.
Mamiriro ekunze eGungwa reArabia
Tiri kuzotsanangura mamiriro ekunze aripo munzvimbo ino. Tinogona kutsanangura mhando yemamiriro ekunze kubva kunzvimbo dzinopisa kusvika kunzvimbo dzinopisa. Mvura dzayo dzinodziya, dziine nzvimbo inonongedza pakati tembiricha yemadhigirii makumi maviri neshanu.. Isu tinoziva kuti hunhu hwegungwa iri hwakakanganiswa zvakanyanya nekuvapo kwemamonon. Mamononi inguva dzemvura zhinji inonaya iyo inowanzo siya njodzi dzezvehupfumi. Chinhu chakasarudzika ndechekuti zvakanyanya kana kushoma pakati pemwedzi waKubvumbi naGumiguru, mhepo dzinotanga kuvhuvhuta nedivi rekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, nepo iro rinosara regore ivo vachifarira kurira nenzira yakatarisana.
Iwo ari mukati memwedzi iyi yakatarwa shanduko yezvakatipoteredza. Izvo zvese zvinotanga nekutonhora kwegungwa pamusoro. Zvimwe chetezvo ndezvechokwadi neshanduko mumafungu egungwa. Uye ndezvekuti mafungu egungwa mukati memwedzi iyi yegore anodzoserwa. Nzvimbo ine oxygen shoma inogadzirwa iyo Iyo hunhu hwekuve nekuderera kwakanyanya kweoksijeni mudunhu regungwa. Aya mamiriro anounza kuumbwa kwekusimudzira. Iyo yekumusoro ndeye mvura inofambiswa nemhepo inotakura huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinokanganisa nzvimbo dzeOman, Yemen neSomalia. Kutenda kupinza kwehutano uye hunhu, nzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwegungwa ine hupfumi nemhuka. Inonyanya kupfuma panguva yemononesi.
Kuumbwa kweGungwa reArabia
Ngatione kuti ndeapi mapoinzi akagadzira fomu yegungwa iyi. Kuumbwa kweGungwa reArabia kwaive kwakabatana neyeiyo Indian Ocean. Pamberi pegungwa iri, paive neTethys ocean. Iyi gungwa yaive nebasa rekuparadzanisa chikamu cheGondwana, kumaodzanyemba, uye Laurasia, kuchamhembe, panguva zhinji yeMesozoic nguva. Ipapo ndipo panofungidzirwa kuti panguva yeJurassic uye yekupedzisira nguva yeCretaceous Apa ndipo pakatanga Gondwana kupatsanuka nekuumba izvo zvinozivikanwa nhasi se Africa neIndia.
Kuenderera mberi kune imwe nzvimbo, mukupedzisira Cretaceous Madagascar neIndia zvakanyatso paradzaniswa. Nekuda kweizvi, Indian Ocean yakakwanisa kuwedzera nzvimbo yayo uye Gungwa reArabia rakatanga kumira kuchamhembe. Zvese izvi zvakaitika makore angangoita miriyoni zana apfuura. Panguva iyoyo, India yaifamba nespidhi ingangoita gumi neshanu nemashanu masentimita pagore yakananga kuEurope.
Biodiversity
Gungwa iri harina kungoita nzira pakati peEurope neIndian subcontinent, asi zvakare rine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana. Iyo ine inochinja mamiriro ekunze nekuda iyo tembiricha misiyano iripo pakati penzvimbo yemvura nemvura. Iko kushanduka kwetembiricha uye kuenderera kupesana ndiko kunoita kuti mamonesi agadzire. Kune marudzi akasiyana enzvimbo dzekugara mugungwa mukati megungwa iri senge matombo ekorari, mafuro egungwa, mangrove egungwa uye mahombekombe ejecha, pakati pevamwe. Ese eaya ecosystems ave imba kunhamba hombe yemarudzi ehove uye marine invertebrates.
Iyo michero inomiririrwa nered, red uye green algae. Kusiyana nemhuka, maruva haasi akapfuma. Iyo fauna chiitiko chinotonyanya kushamisa. Iyo inopona nekutenda kune cheni yekudya iyo inotanga neplankton iyo inokura nekuda kwekusimudzira kwatataura pamusoro. Uku kukwidziridzwa kunoitwa mukati menguva yemononesi uye kunobatsira kuchengetedza mvura ichisimbisa iyo yakasara yegore.
Pakati pemhando dzinozivikanwa dzemhuka tine hove yemwenje, green turtle, Hawksbill turtle, barracuda, hove dzemusikana, fin whale, sperm whale, orca, lobster, makamba nemamwe ma dolphin.
Zvinotyisa
Chekupedzisira, tichaona kutyisidzira kuri mugungwa iri sezvo iri nzira yekutengeserana yegungwa pakati peEurope neAsia. Sezvo huwandu hukuru hwemagwa hunopfuura nemunzvimbo idzi, zviri pachena kuti kune matambudziko ehupenyu hwezvipenyu anotorwa kubva kune izvi zviitiko zvevanhu. Kuparara kwemafuta kwakakuvadza hutano nekuuraya mhuka dzakawanda kusanganisira shiri dzegungwa. Kukuvara kuri mugungwa iri kunowedzera nguva dzese nekuti ngarava zhinji ndidzo dzinofamba idzi mvura.
Kune rimwe divi, kubata hove kune dzvinyiriro huru pane zvipenyu zvegungwa. Izvo hazviwanzo kuitwa nenzira inochengetedza uye nzira dzekubata dzinogona kusanganisira kubata netsaona kana kukuvadza nharaunda.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveGungwa reArabia uye hunhu hwayo.