El gungwa regalilee Inozivikanwa munzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose segungwa, asi kune dzimwe nzvimbo inozivikanwa segungwa. Uye ipfungwa inowirirana nehunhu sezvatichaona muchinyorwa chino. Iyo inozivikanwa kuNear East seLake Tiberias kana Lake Generaset. Idziva remvura yakachena riri panzvimbo yakakwirira ye209 metres pasi pegungwa uye rine hunhu hwakakosha.
Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve maitiro eGungwa reGarireya, kuumbwa uye kwakabva Gungwa reGarireya.
Mhando huru
Esa Freshwater Lake 209 metres pazasi pegungwa, iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweIsrael, kuchamhembe kweMupata weJoridhani uye pamhenderekedzo yeguta reTibheriyasi. Bheseni rayo rinosanganisira nzvimbo dzeIsrael, Siria neRebhanoni. MaKristu anozviona sechiitiko kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemuBhaibheri, kusanganisira Jesu achifamba pamusoro pemvura.
Gungwa reGarirea ndiro chete dziva remvura isina mwero muIsraeri. Nzvimbo iyi ingangoita 164-166 mativi emakiromita, kureba kuri makiromita 20-21, yakafararira ndeye makiromita gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nematatu uye vhoriyamu iri mana makiromita. Iyo yakadzika nzvimbo iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, 44-48 metres, ine avhareji kudzika kwemamita 25,6-26. Inopihwa nezvitubu zvepasi pevhu uye, kunyanya, neRwizi Jorodhani, iyo yaunogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvayo pane yedu peji nezve Rwizi rweJoridhani. Rwizi urwu runopfuura nemudhamu uye runopfuurira kumaodzanyemba kwemakiromita angangoita makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe. Mamwe madiki emvura, akadai sehova dzeGolan uye wadis, anoburitsa mvura kubva kumakomo eGarireya.
Nzvimbo yegungwa inowanzo kupisa muzhizha uye inotonhora munguva yechando, ine avhareji tembiricha ye14ºC. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinokosha dzenhau uye dzechitendero dzakachengetwa munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, dzakadai seKapenaume muBhaibheri. Uyezve, kuenzanisa neiyo inogona kunakidza, zvichipihwa kuti ese ari maviri zvinhu zvakakosha mune geography yedunhu.
Kuumbwa kweGungwa reGarirea
Gungwa reGarirea rakaumbwa neiyo tectonic maitiro. Mupata urimo ndicho chigadzirwa chekuparadzaniswa kwemaArabhu nemaAfrica mahwendefa uye kuwedzera kwegungwa. Iko kushushikana kwakaumbwa mune yekupedzisira Pliocene, uye gare gare dhamu sediki uye shoma mvura yakatora chikamu chenharaunda yayo. Naizvozvo, Gungwa reGarirea uye Gungwa Rakafa zvipfudziso zveRed Sea Rift Valley.
Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti Nyika yakasangana nenguva yekunyorova panguva yeQuaternary, uyezve Gungwa Rakafa, ikozvino kumaodzanyemba kweGungwa reGarireya, rakawedzera uye rakatambanudzwa kusvika rasvika, asi mvura yakatanga kudzika nguva yapfuura makore 20.000 apfuura. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti Gungwa rakafa Yakave zvakare inonakidza geological yapfuura.
Biodiversity
Mamiriro ekunze anofadza uye mvura yakakwana inogadzira ivhu rakaorera, iro rinofarira kukura kwezvirimwa zvakasiyana siyana. Kurimwa kwemazuva, mabhanana, macitrus uye miriwo kwave kubudirira kwemazana emakore, uye tsanga munzvimbo dzemahombekombe hadziwanzo. Mvura yacho inoumbwa ne zooplankton uye dzakasiyana siyana dzemumvura uye semi-terrestrial crustaceans (sa Potamoni potamios), mollusks (senge unio terminalis y Falsipygula Barroisi), microalgae nehove (senge tristramella simonis, tristramella sacra, Acanthobrama terraesanctae, mhuri ye damselfish, Silurus, mhuri uye catfish), tende uye rudzi rwe tilapia (Tilapiini), inozivikanwa seSan Pedro. Dzimwe hove dzine ukama hwepedyo nedzimwe hove dzinogara mumakungwa eAfrica. Iyi ecosystem yemvura chinhu chakakosha kutariswa mumamiriro eiyo manyuko emvura zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mitumbi yemvura munyika.
Kusvikira pakati pezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, European otter (lutra lutra) yaive mhuka yaifamba yakashanyira mvura dzeGarirea.
Kutyisidzira kubva kuGungwa reGarirea
Kubata hove kwave kuri kwekutanga hupfumi muGungwa reGarireya kubva panguva dzekare. Nekudaro, tichifunga kuti guta rekare rine hukama nenhoroondo yechiKristu rakavakwa pariri, kutashanya kwakaitika. Nhasi, inzvimbo inozivikanwa kwaunogona kushandisa ako mazororo pane imwe yemabhichi. Ehe, zviitwa zvevanhu zvine chekuita nehutano hwezvakatipoteredza.
Mumakore akaoma, huwandu hwemvura hunodonha zvakanyanya, izvo zvinonetsekesa zvipenyu, nekuti gungwa rinopa mvura yekunwa kune verudzi rweIsrael uye, sezvo huwandu hwevanhu hunowedzera, kuda kwayo kunowedzera. Vanhu vari kunetsekana kuti mvura inozoita munyu nekuti kune zvitubu zvemvura yemunyu pasi. Kune rimwe divi, mhando Tristramella sacral haisati yaonekwa kubvira kuma1990, saka inotoonekwa seyakatsakatika. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uenderere mberi nekutsvaga dynamics yeiyi ecosystem uye yayo kutyisidzira kwekunze izvo zvinogona zvakare kukukanganisa.
Nhoroondo uye tsika kukosha
Evhangeri dzechiKristu dzinoti Jesu akaita chikamu chehushumiri hwake uye zvimwe zvishamiso pamhenderekedzo yegungwa risina kudzika. Vagari vechiJuda vakagadzira yekutanga padhuze kibbutz. Mune mamwe maporofita echiIslam zvinoratidzika kuti mamwe matsime epasi pevhu anoyerera achipinda mudziva, asi mazhinji emvura anobva kuRwizi rweJorodhani, runoyerera kubva kuRebhanoni kuchamhembe kuenda kuIsrael uye Rwizi rweJoridhani kumaodzanyemba.
Gungwa reGarirea (dzimwe nguva rinonzi Lake Tiberias kana Lake Kinneret) riri mukati meJorodhani Rift Valley, kushushikana kwakamanikana kwakatanga kuumba apo Arabian Plate yakaparadzaniswa neAfrica makumi emamirioni emakore apfuura. Mvura zhinji ine mafashama yakatenderedza dhamu uye kumaodzanyemba Dzakashandurwa dzikava munda wekurima, dzichiratidza kupenya kwakasvibira ruvara.
Gungwa reGarirea rakagara riri nzvimbo inozivikanwa kune vafambi. Nekudaro, mumakumi emakore apfuura, mamiriro edziva iri kuwedzera kusimba. Mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura, huwandu hwemvura hwakadzika zvakanyanya, zvichisvika padanho repasi munhoroondo muna 2018. Mvura shoma inoita kuti nyanza dzive nemunyu, zvichiita kuti isashande senzvimbo yemvura yekunwa. Shanduko idzi dzinotyisidzira vanhu hove uye dzinokurudzira dambudziko remaarga maruva.
Kunzwisisa kuwira kwemvura uye nekuwana nzira dzekudzichengetedza inyaya yekutsvaga kwakawanda munzvimbo iyi. Zvikonzero zve kuderera kunosanganisira kushomeka kwemvura inonaya, kuwedzerwa kwekushandisa kwemvura munzvimbo dzepamusoro dzeRebhanoni, kudziya kwakakwirira (uko kuchawedzera kubuda kwemvura) uye kuwedzera kwemapurazi nenzvimbo dzediridzo dzakakomberedza gungwa.