Nhasi tichataura nezve mumwe wemasayendisiti akamaka pamberi uye shure kwenyika yefizikiki. Ndezve Werner Karl Heisenberg. Aive mufungi uye mufizikisi wekubva kuGerman akagadzira mamwe mabasa ane kukosha kukuru mukati menyika ye quantum physics. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa nemusimboti wekusava nechokwadi, izvo zvakakonzera kufambira mberi kwakawanda mufizikisi.
Mune ino chinyorwa isu tichaudza iwe zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezveHeisenberg's biography uye kuita.
Heisenberg biography
Uyu musayendisiti akaberekerwa muWürzburg muna Zvita 5, 1901. Sezvo aive mudiki aive akabatikana munyika yezvedzidzo sezvo baba vake vaive muzvinafundo. Kuva nemudzidzisi mumhuri kwakaita kuti Heisenberg afarire nyika yesainzi. Akadzidza paUniversity yeMunich uye akazova chiremba muna 1923. Kudzidziswa kwake kwakaperekedzwa nehunhu hwakakosha kubva pasirese fizikisi senge Niels Bohr.
Nesainzi uyu kushanda semubatsiri nekuda kwehunyanzvi kubva kuRockefeller Foundation. Makanga muri muna 1927 apo akazotanga kushanda sapurofesa paYunivhesiti yeLeipzig. Pano payunivhesiti iyi akatanga kudzidzisa theoretical physics. Sezvo aive purofesa payunivhesiti, akawedzerawo zvidzidzo zvake uye tsvakurudzo kuitira kuti aite zvimwe zvipo kunyika ye ciencia.
Ndaiziva Albert Einstein pachangu paakashanda kuCopenhagen Institute for Theoretical Physics. Panguva ino aive akagwinya mukutsvaga kwake uye akagadzira matrix mechanics. Mushure mekuferefetwa kwakasiyana siyana, ino matrix mechanics yakamutungamira mukuumbwa kwequantum mechanics.
Makore gare gare, muna 1935 aida kupinda kuYunivhesiti yeMunich kutsiva Sommerfield. Uyu murume aimboenda pamudyandigere panguva iyoyo, asi kugadzwa kwake kwakadzivirirwa nevaNazi. Uye ivo vakanongedzera kuti Heisenberg akashanda nemapostulates akauya nevaongorori vechiJuda vakaita saEinstein naNiels Bohr. Nekudaro, makore akati wandei gare gare akagamuchira chikumbiro cheNazi chekutungamira kuvaka bhomba reatomiki raakange achitungamira semutungamiriri kuKaiser Wilhem Institute. Zvichida kuyedza kushoma kwekugadzira magetsi enyukireya anogona kukurumidza kuburitsa kuputika, asi ruzivo rwake haruna kufambiswa zvakakwana izvo. Naizvozvo, aisakwanisa kuzviita.
Heisenberg kusava nechokwadi musimboti
Uyu murume anozivikanwa neiyi kusava nechokwadi musimboti izvo zvaive nekuda kwekuferefetwa kwakawanda. Muhupenyu hwako hwese semuongorori, dzakawanda zvekuferefeta kwako zvingadai zvakakonzera kugadzirwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya, kunyangwe asina kuzviita nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehunhu. Tsvagurudzo yake yakanyanya kukosha yaive yekuumbwa kwesimba rekusaziva. Iyi nheyo yave ichishandiswa nevamwe vafizikisi kusvika nhasi.
Iyo Heisenberg kusava nechokwadi musimboti inoratidza kuti hazvigoneke kunyatso kuziva iyo nguva uye chinzvimbo cheatomu. Nekumisikidza idzi postulates akapa kumwe kumwe kuumbwa kwakanangana nehukuru, nguva nesimba. Uye zvakare, aikwanisa kugadzirisa mamwe maficha echinyakare dzidziso yaive yakavakirwa pane chokwadi chefizikiki. Tichifunga nezvekuti maatomu anoumba izvo zvimiro anogara achifamba, hazvibviri kuona iwo chaiwo nzvimbo.
Kune rimwe divi, Heisenberg, yakavakirwa pahuwandu hwefizikisi, aigona kutsanangura kuonekera kweiri kweatomu rehydrogen uye helium atomu. Nekuda kwezvidzidzo izvi akahwina Mubairo weNobel muFizikisi muna 1932. Basa rake rakabatsira zvikuru astronautics sezvo akafanotaura kuvapo kwehydrogen mumatunhu maviri. Imwe yacho yaiva orthohydrogen uye imwe yacho yaiva parahydrogen. Ose ane chekuita negwara rekufamba kunotorwa nenyuclei yemaatomu.
Kushanda Epsilon
Mushure mekupera kwehondo, Heisenberg akaiswa mutirongo pamwe nemamwe maGerman masayendisiti epurazi rainzi Farm Hall kuEngland. Chinangwa chikuru chekutsvaga kwaive kutsvaga kuti mafambiro ekugadzira zvombo zveatomiki aive epamberi zvakadii. Mushure mekunge bhomba reHiroshima raputika, Heisenberg akapa hurukuro kuvamwe vasungwa kuti vatsanangure huwandu chaihwo hweuranium yaidikanwa kugadzira bhomba rakadaro.
Sezvo vakanga vaisa mamaikorofoni akawanda akavanzwa mumba mose, zvakasimbiswa kuti Heisenberg aiziva kuti uranium yakawanda sei yaaida kugadzira chombo chenyukireya asi akanga asina kuda kuita kudaro nokuda kwezvikonzero zvetsika.
Zvinyorwa zvekusaziva chokwadi
Kuumbwa kweshoko rekusaziva kunoreva kuti iko kukura chaiko kwatinonzwisisa nako kumira kwechinhu kana kusanyatsoita chokwadi tichaziva kuti inomhanya sei uye zvinopesana. Izvi zvehuwandu hunokanganiswa kazhinji neanotarisa maitiro. Mhedzisiro iyi inogona kushandiswa kune akawanda masisitimu epanyama asi haagone kucherechedza pasina kunyatso kuashandura. Muenzaniso weizvi ndewekuti Iwe haugone kuyera kumanikidza muiri pasina kurega mumwe mweya uchipukunyuka. Hatife takaziva kumanikidzwa chaiko kwetaya tisati taisa iyo yekuchenesa kamwene.
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle yakajekesa kuti haina chekuita nekutarisa maitiro. Akataura kuti kusamira uku ndiko kurasikirwa kwakakosha kwemasystem ese ehuwandu, angave ari kucherechedzwa kana kwete. Uye mhedzisiro yehunyambiri huripo pakati pefungu uye chidimbu. Kana isu tichifanira kutaura kuti musimboti uyu wekusava nechokwadi nderimwe remanyorerwo akanyanya kutsanangurwa zvisizvo munhoroondo yese, sezvo paine zvinorehwa nehuzivi. Yakashandiswa se bvunzo yerusununguko uye semuedzo wemukana wekutongwa. Izvo zvave zvichishandiswa kune telepathy kana parapsychology zvinangwa.
Chinyorwa icho chaakazivisa iyo indeterminist yefilosofi nzira yekutanga kwayo muna 1927, yakataura zvinotevera:
"Mukuumbwa kwakasimba kwemutemo wechikonzero" Kana tichiziva chaizvo zviripo, tinogona kufanotaura ramangwana, "haisi mhedziso, asi fungidziro iri yenhema. Hatigone kuziva, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemutemo, izvo zviripo mune zvese zvese ruzivo.
Pakupedzisira, Heisenberg akafa muna February 1976.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve uyu Heisenberg uye zvaanoita.