Makore makumi maviri nemana apfuura akatanga kuyedza kwave kuitika nguva dzese uye izvo zvinoedza kuona kuti zvinokanganisa sei kuwedzera kwetembiricha kune ivhu remusango. Mhinduro yakawanikwa nemasayendisiti inoratidza kupinduka kunoshamisa uye kunoshamisa.
Iwe unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezve kuwanikwa kweiyi tsvagiridzo uye kukosha kwayo?
Ivhu rakavezwa
Mhedzisiro yakawanikwa kubva mukuyedza iyi ndeinotevera: kudziisa ivhu rinomutsa nguva dzezvakawanda kusunungurwa kwekabhoni kubva mairi kuenda mudenga, kuchinjana nenguva dzekusaonekwa kurasikirwa mu subsurface carbon storage. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviite cyclical, uye munyika ine tembiricha iri kuramba ichiwedzera, pachave nenzvimbo dzakawanda dzichaitika kabhoni mhinduro, zvichiwedzera kuunganidzwa kwemuchadenga kabhoni dhaikisaidhi kubva mukupiswa kwemafuta ezvisaririra uye zvichikonzera kukurumidza kudziya kwepasi. Iwe unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve chiitiko ichi mune mamiriro e zvinokonzerwa nekudziya kwepasi.
Mune mamwe mazwi, pachave nenguva apo ivhu rine huni rinoburitsa yakawanda kabhoni mumhepo uye nguva dzavacharamba. Iyo nguva ichawedzerwa ne kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepasi rose izvo zvichaita kuti ivhu ripise uye, nokudaro, rinobudisa kabhoni yakawanda mumhepo. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani chiitiko chekudziya kwepasi uye hukama hwayo nezvinomera, unogona kuverenga nezvazvo kuti zvinomera zvinokanganisa sei kunaya kwemvura.
Chidzidzo ichi ibasa rechikwata chaJerry Melillo cheMarine Biological Laboratory (MBL), yakabatana neYunivhesiti yeChicago muUnited States. Nzwisisa rudzi rwevhu mumasango aya zvakakosha kuongorora kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze, kunyanya nekuremekedza kuti sei kudziya kwepasi kunokanganisa marudzi.
Ongororo
Kuedza kwakatanga muna 1991, apo tambo dzemagetsi dzakavigwa munzvimbo dzesango musango rinoputika muMassachusetts. Kuti vatevedzere kudziya kwepasi, vaipisa ivhu madhigirii mashanu pamusoro petembiricha yepakati kuti vazvienzanise. Mushure memakore makumi maviri nematanhatu zvichiri kuenderera mberi, zvirongwa zvakawedzera tembiricha yavo nemadhigirii mashanu, ivo vakarasikirwa ne17% yekabhoni yanga ichichengetedza mune yakasikwa zvinhu. Kurasikirwa uku kunotyisa zvikuru nekuti ivhu ndiro rakakosha mukutenderera kwekabhoni uye kurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Iwe unogona kuwedzera ruzivo rwekuti sei hurongwa hwevhu remusango hwakakosha mukurwa uku.
Izvi zvinoita kuti njodzi yekudziya kwepasi iwedzere uye kuoma kumisa. Zvakare, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti Ivhu remasango chinhu chakakosha mukutenderera kwekabhoni uye kusangana kwayo nemamiriro ekunze. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kukanganisa kwemoto wesango, ndinokurudzira kuti ubvunze moto wemasango uye kuwanda kwawo.
Anopfuura makore makumi maviri nematanhatu ekutsvaga akabvumira masayendisiti kuongorora mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze paivhu iri uye kuti ivo vanokanganisa sei mamiriro ekunze. Maererano neongororo yakabudiswa ne European Nharaunda AgencyMasendimita makumi matatu epamusoro evhu repasi ane kabhoni kakapetwa kaviri pane iri mumhepo yese. Mushure memakungwa, ivhu ndiro rechipiri carbon sink nzvimbo huru yechisikigo, saka kuchengetedzwa kwayo kwakakosha. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti zvinhu zvemuchadenga zvinokanganisa sei mamiriro ekunze, tarisa chinyorwa pa atmospheric particles uye kuderedza kwavo.
Mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze paivhu remasango
Vatsvagiri vanogona kutoona mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose uye muEurope. Semuenzaniso, maererano nemushumo weEEA uchangoburwa pamusoro pekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kukanganisa uye kusagadzikana muEurope, ivhu mwando yakaderera zvikuru munharaunda yeMediterranean uye yakawedzera kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kweEurope kubva kuma1950. Desertization iri kuwedzera kukanganisa matunhu akasiyana, sezvakataurwa mukuongorora kwe kuwedzera kuva renje kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSpain.
Nyika gumi nenhatu dzenhengo dzeEU dzakazvizivisa dzakakanganiswa neiyo renje. Pasinei nokubvuma chokwadi ichi, mushumo weEuropean Court of Auditors wakagumisa kuti Europe haina mufananidzo wakajeka wezvinetso zvine chokuita nokuparara kwegwenga uye kuparara kwenyika, uye kuti matanho anotorwa kurwisa kuparara kwegwenga haana kupindirana. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise zvinokanganisa hutano hwevhu uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kudyidzana pakati pevhu nemamiriro ekunze
Shanduko mutembiricha yemwaka inogona kuchinja kutenderera kwegore kwezvirimwa nemhuka, zvichikanganisa kugadzirwa kwekurima. Semuenzaniso, kutanga kwechirimo kunogona kuita kuti miti itumbuke mikume isati yavapo, zvichikanganisa kugadzirwa kwemichero nembeu. Chiitiko ichi muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kushandura sei kutenderera kwechisikigo, izvo zvinogona kuongororwa zvakare mumamiriro ekunze. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze matanho muEurope.
Ongororo ichangobva kuitika yakaitwa ne Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) inoratidza kuti ivhu rakakosha kuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Sezvo tembiricha yepasi rose ichikwira, zvitoro zvekabhoni muvhu zvinogona kuburitswa mumhepo, zvichiwedzera kudziya. Zvakadaro, mamwe mavhu ane mukana wekuve kabhoni sinks uye anobatsira kutora yakawandisa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi mumhepo. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti sei kuvandudzwa kwesango inokanganiswa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, ona nyaya inowirirana.
Kunyange zvazvo kutemwa kwemasango uye kuchinja kwekushandiswa kwevhu kuri kukonzera chikamu chikuru chekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse, kuchengetedza nekudzoreredza ivhu rine masango kunogona kuva mhinduro inoshanda yekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Mitemo yekudyara masango haingobatsire kubata kabhoni, asi zvakare kukurudzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye kusimbisa zvipenyu. Kuti unzwisise zvakadzama marudzi evhu uye kukosha kwawo, unogona kuongorora shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Matanho ekudzikisa kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze
Kuona nekuita matanho ekuchengetedza nekudzorera ivhu remasango inhanho yakakosha mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Mamwe ematanho aya anosanganisira:
- Kudyara masango: Kudyara miti munzvimbo dzakaora kunogona kubatsira kudzoreredza kugona kwe ecosystem kutora kabhoni.
- Kuchengetedza ivhu: Kuita tsika dzekurima dzinochengetedza nekuchengetedza kunaka kwevhu kunodzivirira kukukurwa uye kuwedzera kugona kwayo kuchengetedza kabhoni.
- Kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa kusingagumi: Kurudzira kufambiswa kwezviwanikwa izvo zvinomisa kutemwa kwemasango uye zvinokurudzira kurima zvine hungwaru.
- Dzidzo uye kuziva: Kukurudzira ruzivo rwakanyanya uye dzidzo pamusoro pekukosha kwevhu nemasango mumamiriro emamiriro ekunze kwakakosha mukuvaka rutsigiro rwenharaunda.
Basa revhu microbiome
Iyo ivhu microbiome inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kabhoni uye kuburitsa. Tsvagiridzo ichangoburwa inoratidza kuti hutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana hwakakosha pakugadzirisa kugona kwevhu kuburitsa kana kuchengeta kabhoni sezvo tembiricha inochinja. Ichi chinhu chinofanira kubatanidzwa mune ivhu uye masango manejimendi ekutonga, sezvo ine hutano microbiome inogona kubatsira kuderedza mhedzisiro yekudziya kwepasi. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve ma microorganisms anogona kukanganisa ivhu, unogona kuverenga nezve pfungwa dzezvipoko masango uye hukama hwayo nemhoteredzo, kuratidza kukosha kwayo mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kunzwisisa kuti ma microorganisms anokanganisa sei kufema kwevhu uye, nekudaro, kuburitsa kabhoni kwakakosha pakugadzira nzira dzekudzikisa dzinoshanda. Ivhu rine biological chiitiko chepamusoro haringochengete kabhoni chete, asiwo rinochengetedza kuorera kwevhu, izvo zvinobatsira kune dzimwe nzira dzekurima dzakasimba. Uyezve, kushandisa mitemo inokurudzira ivhu microbiome kutarisira kuchave kwakakosha pakuwana mhinduro inoshanda kune shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Nzira yakabatanidzwa yekutonga ivhu
Kuita maitiro akakodzera ekutarisira kuchengetedza ivhu remusango kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kugona kwavo kuita semakabhoni anonyura. Mitemo inofanirwa kutarisa kubatanidza nzira dzekugadzirisa uye kuderedza muvhu uye kutonga kwemasango. Mukuwedzera, kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunokurudzirawo nhaurirano pamusoro migumisiro yaro pakusanaya kwemvura, chiitiko chinowedzera nekurasikirwa kwevhu rine utano.
Kuedza kwekudyara masango kunofanirwa kuenderana nedzidzo yeruzhinji uye zvirongwa zvekupa ruzivo kuti zviunze shanduko dzakanaka mumaitiro enharaunda pakuchengetedza ivhu. Pamusoro pezvo, kugadzira marongero anokurudzira kusimba uye kudzoreredza kwemamiriro ekunze kunofanirwa kuve chinhu chakakosha kumasangano ane mutoro mukurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Kuchengetedza uye kudzoreredza ivhu rine masango chiito chinogona kuva nesimba guru mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu nezviwanikwa zvezvizvarwa zvinotevera.