Boka revatsvagiri vanoshandisa ngarava dzinopwanya aizi nemarobhoti anonyura vaona kuti Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier iri kusangana nekukasira kwekunyunguduka, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kudonha kusingadzoreki, izvo zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa kumazinga egungwa repasi rose.
Munyaya ino tichava kusunungura Thwaites Glacier tichiona zvakawanikwa nesainzi pasi peaizi uye nemigumisiro yainayo kupasi redu.
Thwaites Glacier
Kubva 2018, boka revaongorori rinozivikanwa seInternational Thwaites Glacier Collaboration yanga ichiongorora zvine hungwaru Thwaites Glacier, iyo. Inowanzo kunzi "glacier pakuguma kwenyika", kuitira kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro uye nguva yekuputsika kwayo kunogona kuitika.
Mhedzisiro yetsvagiridzo yavo, yakaunganidzwa kuburikidza nenhevedzano yezvidzidzo, inopa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kusvika parizvino kweiyi yakaoma uye ine simba glacier. Maererano nemushumo, masayendisiti anoratidza maonero se "asina tariro" uye anotsanangura zvakakosha zvakawanikwa zvemakore matanhatu ekutsvagisa.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kurasikirwa kweaizi kuchawedzera muzana rino rose. Rob Larter, inyanzvi yegungwa ye geophysicist yakabatana neBritish Antarctic Survey uye nhengo yeboka reITGC, anoti kudzoka kweThwaites Glacier kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakumi matatu emakore apfuura. "Zvatinowana zvinoratidza kuti kuderera kuchave kwakanyanya uye nekukurumidza," akadaro.
Nyanzvi dzinofanotaura kuti Thwaites Glacier uye Aizi yeAntarctic inogona kudonha mumakore 200 anotevera, izvo zvaizova nemigumisiro ine ngwavaira.
Thwaites ine mvura inokwana kukwidza mazinga egungwa nemasendimita anopfuura makumi matanhatu. Nekudaro, nekuda kwebasa rayo sechipinganidzo chinorambidza yakakura yeAntarctic ice sheet, kutadza kwayo kunogona kukonzera kukwira kwegungwa kwemamita matatu, izvo zvingave nenjodzi pahuwandu hwemahombekombe kubva kuMiami neLondon kusvika Bangladesh nePacific Zvitsuwa.
Glacier kunyunguduka
Vatsvakurudzi vave vachiziva kwenguva yakareba kuti Thwaites Glacier, iyo inofananidzwa muhukuru neFlorida, iri panjodzi, muchidimbu nekuda kwenzvimbo dzayo. Nzvimbo iri pasi yakarerekera pasi, zvichikonzera kuratidzwa kwakanyanya kweaizi kumvura yemugungwa inodziya inodziya sekunyungudika kunoitika.
Kusvika iye zvino, maitiro ari pasi pekudzoka kwayo akanga asina kunyatsonzwisiswa. Maererano nekutaura kweITGC masayendisiti, "Antarctica inoramba iri dambudziko guru pakunzwisisa uye kufanotaura kukwira kwegungwa remangwana."
Mumakore matanhatu apfuura, vaongorori vakaita nhevedzano yeongororo dzakagadzirirwa kujekesa mamiriro ari mubvunzo.
Kudzidza kwakadzama kweiyo glacier
Robhoti yakaita se torpedo inonzi Icefin yakatumirwa kuThwaites mooring line, iyo inotaridza makunakuna apo ice inosimuka kubva pasi pegungwa uye inoyangarara, inomiririra nzvimbo yakaoma yekusagadzikana. Kiya Riverman, nyanzvi yeglaciologist yakabatana neYunivhesiti yePortland, akati mifananidzo yekutanga yeIcefin ichifamba yakananga kumutsetse wemoring yainakidza. “Kuvanodzidza nezvemazaya echando, ndinofunga kuti kwaiva nemanzwiro akafanana neemwedzi uchimhara munzanga yose zvayo,” akadaro pamusangano. "Chaive chiitiko chakakosha. "Takanga tichipupurira nzvimbo ino kekutanga."
Kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwemifananidzo yakapihwa neIcefin, Vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti chando chacho chiri kunyunguduka nenzira dzisingatarisirwi, sezvo mvura yemugungwa inodziya inokwanisa kufamba nemumafashamo akadzika uye "manera" zvimiro mukati meaizi.
Tsvagiridzo yakazvimirira yakashandisa satellite uye GPS data kuongorora mafambiro emvura, zvichiratidza kuti mvura yegungwa inogona kupinda mukati memakiromita gumi pasi peThwaites Glacier, ichimanikidza mvura inodziya pasi peaizi uye nekuchimbidza kunyungudika.
Kuwedzera kutsvagisa munhoroondo yeThwaites kwakaitwa nemamwe masayendisiti. Chikwata chekutsvagisa, chinosanganisira Julia Wellner, purofesa paYunivhesiti yeHouston, akaongorora macores emvura yemugungwa kuti agadzirise maitiro ekare echando. Ongororo yavo yakaratidza kuti chando chakatanga kudzoka nekukurumidza muma1940., zvichida kwakatangwa nechiitiko chikuru cheEl Niño, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kwomuzvarirwo kunowanzobatanidzwa nemigumisiro yokudziya.
Maererano nekutaura kwaWellner, zvakawanikwa izvi "zvinotipa kunzwisisa kwakawanda kwemaitiro echando, zvichipa ruzivo rwakakura kupfuura rwaizowanwa nekuongorora aizi yemazuva ano iri yoga."
Kufambira mberi kwakanaka
Mukati mekusava nechokwadi kwakatekeshera, zvinhu zvakanaka zvakamuka maererano nemaitiro ayo masayendisiti anotya kuti angakonzera kunyunguduka kukuru. Kunetsekana kwakasimudzwa pamusoro pekudonha kungangoita kweThwaites Ice Shelves, izvo zvaizokonzera kuratidzwa kwemawere marefu echando mugungwa. Aya mawere marefu anogona kuve asina njodzi uye anobva anyura mugungwa, achiburitsa kunyange mawere akakwirira kumashure kwawo, nokudaro achitanga kudzokororwa kutenderera kwekusagadzikana.
Nekudaro, kuenzanisa kwekombuta kwakaratidza kuti kunyangwe chiitiko ichi chiripo, mukana wekuitika kwayo wakadzikira pane zvaimbotarisirwa.
Izvi hazvireve kuti Thwaites Glacier yabuda munjodzi. Vatsvakurudzi vanofanotaura kuti kuparadzwa kwakakwana kweGlacier yeThwaites, pamwe chete nechando cheAntarctic shure kwayo, zvinogona kuitika muzana remakore rechi23. Kunyangwe mumamiriro ekufungidzira umo vanhu vakakurumidza kumira kupisa mafuta ezvicherwa, izvo zvisiri izvo parizvino, zvinogona kunonoka kuchengetedza aya magadzirirwo echando.
Ipo nhanho iyi yeprojekiti yeITGC iri kupera, vaongorori vanoti kumwe kutsvagisa kwakakosha kuti unzwisise iyi yakaoma glacier uye kuona kana kudzoka kwayo kwave kusachinja.
"Kunyange kufambira mberi kwaitwa, kusava nechokwadi kunokosha kunoramba kuripo nezveramangwana," anodaro Eric Rignot, nyanzvi yechando yakabatana neYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Irvine, uye nhengo yeITGC. "Ndiri kuramba ndichinetsekana zvikuru kuti dunhu iri reAntarctica parizvino riri kuparara."
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Thwaites Glacier uye nemhedzisiro yayo pane ramangwana repasi.