Kudziya kwepasi rose kunowedzerwa nekuchengetedza kupisa kunoitwa ne magasi anodziya, iyo inoshanda kana mwaranzi yezuva yarova pamusoro pePasi. Iyi mwaranzi yezuva inokonzera kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepasirese, uye mhedzisiro yayo inowedzerwa pamazuva akajeka.
Ongororo yazvino, yakaitwa nemasayendisiti kubva kuInstitute of Marine Sayenzi yeCSIC, inoongorora mhedzisiro ye kunyungudika mukuumbwa kwegore. Asi chii chiri hukama pakati pezviitiko izvi?
Thaw weAntarctic Ocean
Maererano nevatsvakurudzi vekudzidza, kana chando chanyunguduka nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya, nitrogen yemhepo inosunungurwa. Iyi nitrogen yemuchadenga ndiyo nhanho yakakosha yekuumba makore. Mukuwedzera, chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza zvimedu zvinobva kuhupenyu husina microscopic hunogara mugungwa rechando nemvura yakapoteredza.
Sezvazvinozivikanwa, Kunyunguduka kwepolar ice caps kuri kukurumidza nekuda kwekudziya kwepasi uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.. Chiitiko ichi hachingobatsiri chete mukukwira kwemvura yegungwa, asi chinogona kukurudzira kubuda kwezvinhu zvinobatsira mukuumbwa kwegore, chinhu chakaongororwa zvakadzama mumamiriro ezvinhu e kunyunguduka kwaLarsen C and in the Totten Glacier. Kusiyana uku kwakafuratirwa mune dzakawanda zvidzidzo zvekare nezve polar mamiriro ekunze.
Kuti unzwisise zvizere kukanganisa kwechiitiko ichi, kuongororwa kwakakwana kwekudyidzana pakati pegungwa, aizi, mhepo, uye zvipenyu zvakakosha. Iyi yakaoma mamiriro ekunze zvinoenderana zviyero zvakapfava uye kazhinji isina kugadzikana.
Humbowo hunoratidza kuti kunyangwe kunyungudika sinou kuchigona kuva nemhedzisiro yakaipa pane zvakatipoteredza, zvinogona zvakare kuva chinhu chakanaka. Nekuvandudzwa kwemagadzirirwo emakore, mwaranzi yezuva inosvika paPasi inogona kuderedzwa, zvichibatsira kudzikisira tembiricha yepasirese. Uyezve, Kuwedzera kwekunaya kwemvura kunogona kuderedza kusanaya kwemvura munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi uye kukurudzira kukura kwezvinomera, chinova chinhu chinofanira kufungwa nezvacho mumamiriro ezvinhu e kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Izvi zvinomera zvinokanganisawo kuumbwa kwemakore matsva, zvichiita kuti kutenderera kunogona kuita kuti mamiriro ekunze ave pakati nepakati.
Iyo PI-ICE 2019 kudzidza
Chidzidzo chitsva, chakaburitswa mujenari Nature Geoscience, inotungamirwa neInstitute of Marine Sciences yeCSIC uye University of Birmingham, yaona kuti kunyunguduka kweAntarctica kunosimbisa kuumbwa kwe aerosol inosvina mumhepo, izvo zvinozofarira kuumbwa kwemakore muzhizha. Chiitiko ichi chakakosha, sezvo makore achiita basa rinokosha pakugadzirisa tembiricha yepasi kuburikidza nekuratidzira uye kusefa mwaranzi yezuva. Pasina kuvapo kweaya makore, mamiriro okunze epasi pose aizova anodziya zvikuru. Kuumbwa kwegore kwakaoma uye kunokanganiswa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuumbwa kweaerosols mumhepo.
Zvisinei, pasinei nekukosha kwemasimba aya mukugadzirisa kwemamiriro ekunze, iyo chaiyo nzira yekugadzira makore haina kunzwisiswa, ichidzikamisa kurongeka kwemamiriro ekunze emangwana.
Kugadzira basa iri, timu yekutsvagisa yakashandisa data yakaunganidzwa panguva yePI-ICE 2019 Antarctic campaign, iyo yakatora mwedzi inodarika mitatu uye yakatungamirirwa neICM muongorori Manuel Dall'Osto. Mushandirapamwe uyu wakaongorora zvimedu zvakamiswa mumhepo mudunhu rakatenderedza Antarctic Peninsula, izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kunyungudika kweaizi kwekare y como el kunyunguduka kweAntarctic Ocean inokanganisa kuumbwa kwegore.
Vatsvagiri vakaona kuti kana mhepo zhinji dzichibva kumahombekombe echando chegungwa, zvikamu zvekugadzira aerosol zvinowanzoitika. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mhepo zhinji idzi dzine huwandu hwakanyanya hwe sulfuric acid y amino, zvipenyu zvinosanganiswa kuti zvishanduke kubva pamagasi kuenda kuzvikamu. Kuwana uku kwakakosha nekuti, kunyangwe basa resulfuric acid mukuumbwa kweaerosol raitozivikanwa, Ichi chidzidzo chinosimbisa basa rinokosha remamines, iyo inogadzirwa kubva pakuora kwehupenyu huripo muhutachiona hunogara mugungwa rechando.
Kukosha kwe organic nitrogen
"Taiziva kukosha kwe organic nitrogen yeaerosol uye kuumbwa kwegore munzvimbo dzepasi, asi panguva ye2019 PI-ICE expedition, takakwanisa kuratidza kukosha kwayo muAntarctica," anodaro Dall'Osto. Kuwanikwa uku hakungoratidzi chete kukanganisa kwemakungwa echando egungwa pakuumbwa kwemakore, asi kunodawo kuongororwa kwemhando dzemamiriro ekunze dziripo dzinotarisira pasi pemhedzisiro yehupenyu hwemugungwa pakudzora kwemamiriro ekunze.
Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kunyungudika kweAntarctic Ocean ice sheet munguva yezhizha, zvichifambiswa nekudziya kwepasi, kunogona kuwedzera kuburitswa kweaerosol- uye makore-anoumba zvinhu. Chiitiko ichi chakaonekwa mune imwe ongororo yakaitwa muArctic, iyo inosimbisa kukosha kwekutarisa kwakazara pakudyidzana pakati pegungwa, chando, mhepo uye hupenyu, kunyanya mumamiriro ekunze. shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Chikwata chekutsvagisa chinoronga kuita rwendo rutsva rwesainzi muna 2023 kuti uenderere mberi nekuongorora iyi yakaoma michina yemamiriro ekunze uye kunzwisisa zviri nani hukama pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemamiriro ekunze.
Zvinoreva ramangwana
Antarctica parizvino iri kusangana a kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakanyanya, izvo zvakaoma kufanotaura. Chikamu chedambudziko iri chinobva mukusanzwisisa kuti shanduko ye ecosystem ichakanganisa sei aerosol uye kuumbwa kwegore. Mamiriro emamiriro ekunze azvino anotaridza kuregeredza kuvharwa kwegore pamusoro peSouthern Ocean uye nekudaro kuwedzeredza huwandu hwemwaranzi yezuva inosvika mumvura inotonhora iyi, izvo zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise kukanganisa kwekunyunguduka kweaizi.
Naizvozvo, kuburitswa kwetsvagiridzo seizvi kwakakosha mukuvandudza fungidziro yemamiriro ekunze mune ramangwana. Sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iri kuramba ichienderera mberi, zvakakosha kukudziridza kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro echisikigo anokanganisa mamiriro ekunze epasi rose, kusanganisira kudyidzana kwavo ne kunyungudika kweAntarctica.
Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaitwa pamusoro penyaya iyi zvakaratidza kukosha kwekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika mukutsvagisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, pamwe nekukosha kwekudyara mari mumishandirapamwe yesainzi inobvumira kunzwisisa kuri nani kwezvinhu izvi zvakaomarara, sezviya zvakadzidzwa mumamiriro ekunze. kuwedzera kwemakore muArctic.
Mushandirapamwe wePI-ICE, semuenzaniso, wakatsigirwa nemari neSpanish National Research Agency (AEI) uye European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), uye wakabata boka rakasiyana remasangano ekutsvagisa nemayunivhesiti, zvichiratidza kuzvipira kwepasi rose mukunzwisisa uye kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze.
Kunyunguduka kweSouthern Ocean hakungobatsiri mukurasikirwa kweaizi chete asi kunogonawo kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuumbwa kwegore, chiitiko chinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakanaka uye yakaipa pamamiriro ekunze epasi rose. Izvo zvakakosha kuti tirambe tichiferefeta aya masimba kuti tifanotaura zvirinani ramangwana repasi redu.
